Articles | Volume 25, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1095-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1095-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Mar 2025
Research article |
| 11 Mar 2025
| 11 Mar 2025
Modelling urban stormwater drainage overflows for assessing flood hazards: application to the urban area of Dakar (Senegal)
Laurent Pascal Malang Diémé
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire Leïdi “Dynamique des Territoires et Développement”, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint Louis, Sénégal
IRD, UMR 5151, HSM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
Christophe Bouvier
IRD, UMR 5151, HSM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
Ansoumana Bodian
Laboratoire Leïdi “Dynamique des Territoires et Développement”, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint Louis, Sénégal
Alpha Sidibé
DPGI “Direction de la Prévention et de la Gestion des Inondations au Sénégal”, MEA, Dakar, Sénégal
Related authors
Laurent Pascal Diémé, Christophe Bouvier, Ansoumana Bodian, and Alpha Sidibé
Proc. IAHS, 385, 175–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims at proposing a modelling of flows and overflows of structures at fine resolution (5 m) for rainfall intensities of different return periods. The overflow points of the network are identified by the difference between the maximum flow and the capacity of the network to evacuate floods. The results of the simulations show that the drainage network appears to be overflowing for rare frequency rainfall events (100 years). The method seems adaptable to different contexts.
Serigne Bassirou Diop, Job Ekolu, Yves Tramblay, Bastien Dieppois, Stefania Grimaldi, Ansoumana Bodian, Juliette Blanchet, Ponnambalam Rameshwaran, Peter Salamon, and Benjamin Sultan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-130, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS).
Short summary
Short summary
West Africa is very vulnerable to rivers floods. Current flood hazards are poorly understood due to limited data. This study is filling this knowledge gap using recent databases and two regional hydrological models to analyze changes in flood risk under two climate scenarios. Results show that most areas will see more frequent and severe floods, with some increasing by over 45 %. These findings stress the urgent need for climate-resilient strategies to protect communities and infrastructure.
Ansoumana Bodian, Papa Malick Ndiaye, Serigne Bassirou Diop, Lamine Diop, Alain Dezetter, Andrew Ogilvie, and Koffi Djaman
Proc. IAHS, 385, 415–421, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an essential parameter for hydrological modeling, irrigation planning and for studying the impacts of climate change on water resources. This work evaluate 20 alternative methods of estimating ET0 in order to adapt them to the climatic context of the 3 mains basins of Senegal where very little climate data is available. The methods of Valiantzas 1, Doorenboss & Pruitt and Penman are the most robust for the estimation of ET0 in this context.
Papa Malick Ndiaye, Ansoumana Bodian, Serigne Bassirou Diop, Lamine Diop, Alain Dezetter, Andrew Ogilvie, and Koffi Djaman
Proc. IAHS, 385, 305–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The analyze of the trends of ET0 at the scale of the Senegal, Gambia and Casamance river basins using reanalyze data of NASA/POWER over 1984–2019 shows that ET0 increases significantly in 32% of the Senegal basin and decreases in less than 1% of it. In the Casamance and Gambia basins, the annual ET0 drops by 65% and 18%, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity show an increasing trend over all basins while wind speed and radiation decrease, confirming the so-called "evaporation paradox".
Garance Tanguy, Christophe Bouvier, and Lydie Sichoix
Proc. IAHS, 385, 31–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-31-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-31-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a distributed, conceptual and event-based hydrological model is applied to 9 gauged catchments on the island of Tahiti. The model is chosen from a regionalization perspective, and insights are provided to explain the spatial variability of its parameters.
Laurent Pascal Diémé, Christophe Bouvier, Ansoumana Bodian, and Alpha Sidibé
Proc. IAHS, 385, 175–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims at proposing a modelling of flows and overflows of structures at fine resolution (5 m) for rainfall intensities of different return periods. The overflow points of the network are identified by the difference between the maximum flow and the capacity of the network to evacuate floods. The results of the simulations show that the drainage network appears to be overflowing for rare frequency rainfall events (100 years). The method seems adaptable to different contexts.
Ernest Amoussou, Gil Mahe, Oula Amrouni, Ansoumana Bodian, Christophe Cudennec, Stephan Dietrich, Domiho Japhet Kodja, and Expédit Wilfrid Vissin
Proc. IAHS, 384, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This short paper is the preface of the PIAHS volume of the IAHS/UNESCO FRIEND-Water conference of Cotonou in November 2021.
Yves Tramblay, Nathalie Rouché, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Gil Mahé, Jean-François Boyer, Ernest Amoussou, Ansoumana Bodian, Honoré Dacosta, Hamouda Dakhlaoui, Alain Dezetter, Denis Hughes, Lahoucine Hanich, Christophe Peugeot, Raphael Tshimanga, and Patrick Lachassagne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1547–1560, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1547-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1547-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides a set of hydrometric indices for about 1500 stations across Africa with daily discharge data. These indices represent mean flow characteristics and extremes (low flows and floods), allowing us to study the long-term evolution of hydrology in Africa and support the modeling efforts that aim at reducing the vulnerability of African countries to hydro-climatic variability.
Youssouph Sane, Geremy Panthou, Ansoumana Bodian, Theo Vischel, Thierry Lebel, Honore Dacosta, Guillaume Quantin, Catherine Wilcox, Ousmane Ndiaye, Aida Diongue-Niang, and Mariane Diop Kane
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1849–1866, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1849-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1849-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Urbanization, resulting from a sharply increasing demographic pressure and the development of infrastructure, has made the population of many tropical areas more vulnerable to extreme rainfall hazards. Characterizing extreme rainfall distribution is thus becoming an overarching need in hydrological applications. Using 14 tipping-bucket rain-gauge series, this study provides IDF curves and uncertainties over Senegal. Climate change requires warning end-users that they should be used with care.
Related subject area
Hydrological Hazards
Dynamics and impacts of monsoon-induced geological hazards: a 2022 flood study along the Swat River in Pakistan
Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis of the RIM2D hydrodynamic model for the 2021 flood event in western Germany
Mind the gap: misalignment between drought monitoring and community realities
Post-wildfire sediment source and transport modeling, empirical observations, and applied mitigation: an Arizona, USA, case study
Causes of the exceptionally high number of fatalities in the Ahr valley, Germany, during the 2021 flood
Large-scale flood risk assessment in data-scarce areas: an application to Central Asia
Multi-scale hydraulic graph neural networks for flood modelling
The role of antecedent conditions in translating precipitation events into extreme floods at the catchment scale and in a large-basin context
Brief communication: Stay local or go global? On the construction of plausible counterfactual scenarios to assess flash flood hazards
Integrating susceptibility maps of multiple hazards and building exposure distribution: a case study of wildfires and floods for the province of Quang Nam, Vietnam
Tangible and intangible ex post assessment of flood-induced damage to cultural heritage
A multivariate statistical framework for mixed storm types in compound flood analysis
Invited perspectives: safeguarding the usability and credibility of flood hazard and risk assessments
Influence of building collapse on pluvial and fluvial flood inundation of metro stations in central Shanghai
Impact of drought hazards on flow regimes in anthropogenically impacted streams: an isotopic perspective on climate stress
The effect of wildfires on flood risk: a multi-hazard flood risk approach for the Ebro River basin, Spain
Modelling hazards impacting the flow regime in the Hranice Karst due to the proposed Skalička Dam
Spatiotemporal variability of flash floods and their human impacts in the Czech Republic during the 2001–2023 period
Risk of compound flooding substantially increases in the future Mekong River delta
Transferability of machine-learning-based modeling frameworks across flood events for hindcasting maximum river water depths in coastal watersheds
Floods in the Pyrenees: a global view through a regional database
The 2018–2023 drought in Berlin: impacts and analysis of the perspective of water resources management
Algorithmically detected rain-on-snow flood events in different climate datasets: a case study of the Susquehanna River basin
Disentangling Atmospheric, Hydrological, and Coupling Uncertainties in Compound Flood Modeling within a Coupled Earth System Model
Review article: Drought as a continuum – memory effects in interlinked hydrological, ecological, and social systems
Coupling WRF with HEC-HMS and WRF-Hydro for flood forecasting in typical mountainous catchments of northern China
Precursors and pathways: dynamically informed extreme event forecasting demonstrated on the historic Emilia-Romagna 2023 flood
Demonstrating the use of UNSEEN climate data for hydrological applications: case studies for extreme floods and droughts in England
Recent large inland lake outbursts on the Tibetan Plateau: Processes, causes and mechanisms
Exploring the use of seasonal forecasts to adapt flood insurance premiums
Are 2D shallow-water solvers fast enough for early flood warning? A comparative assessment on the 2021 Ahr valley flood event
Water depth estimate and flood extent enhancement for satellite-based inundation maps
Brief Communication: Rapid high-resolution flood impact-based early warning is possible with RIM2D: a showcase for the 2023 pluvial flood in Braunschweig
Probabilistic flood inundation mapping through copula Bayesian multi-modeling of precipitation products
Flood occurrence and impact models for socioeconomic applications over Canada and the United States
Model-based assessment of climate change impact on inland flood risk at the German North Sea coast caused by compounding storm tide and precipitation events
An improved dynamic bidirectional coupled hydrologic–hydrodynamic model for efficient flood inundation prediction
Quantifying hazard resilience by modeling infrastructure recovery as a resource-constrained project scheduling problem
Hydrometeorological controls of and social response to the 22 October 2019 catastrophic flash flood in Catalonia, north-eastern Spain
A downward-counterfactual analysis of flash floods in Germany
Hyper-resolution flood hazard mapping at the national scale
Compound droughts under climate change in Switzerland
Brief communication: SWM – stochastic weather model for precipitation-related hazard assessments using ERA5-Land data
Text mining uncovers the unique dynamics of socio-economic impacts of the 2018–2022 multi-year drought in Germany
The value of multi-source data for improved flood damage modelling with explicit input data uncertainty treatment: INSYDE 2.0
Limited effect of the confluence angle and tributary gradient on Alpine confluence morphodynamics under intense sediment loads
Does a convection-permitting regional climate model bring new perspectives on the projection of Mediterranean floods?
Added value of seasonal hindcasts to create UK hydrological drought storylines
Flash flood detection via copula-based intensity–duration–frequency curves: evidence from Jamaica
Seasonal forecasting of local-scale soil moisture droughts with Global BROOK90: a case study of the European drought of 2018
Nazir Ahmed Bazai, Mehtab Alam, Peng Cui, Wang Hao, Adil Poshad Khan, Muhammad Waseem, Yao Shunyu, Muhammad Ramzan, Li Wanhong, and Tashfain Ahmed
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1071–1093, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1071-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1071-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 monsoon in Pakistan's Swat River basin brought record rainfall, exceeding averages by 7–8%, triggering catastrophic debris flows and floods. Key factors include extreme rainfall, deforestation, and steep slopes. Fieldwork, remote sensing, and simulations highlight land degradation's role in intensifying floods. Recommendations include reforestation, early warning systems, and land use reforms to protect communities and reduce future risks
Shahin Khosh Bin Ghomash, Patricio Yeste, Heiko Apel, and Viet Dung Nguyen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 975–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-975-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-975-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrodynamic models are vital for predicting floods, like those in Germany's Ahr region in July 2021. We refine the RIM2D model for the Ahr region, analyzing the impact of various factors using Monte Carlo simulations. Accurate parameter assignment is crucial, with channel roughness and resolution playing key roles. Coarser resolutions are suitable for flood extent predictions, aiding early-warning systems. Our work provides guidelines for optimizing hydrodynamic models in the Ahr region.
Sarra Kchouk, Louise Cavalcante, Lieke A. Melsen, David W. Walker, Germano Ribeiro Neto, Rubens Gondim, Wouter J. Smolenaars, and Pieter R. van Oel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 893–912, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-893-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-893-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts impact water and people, yet monitoring often overlooks impacts on people. In northeastern Brazil, we compare official data to local experiences, finding data mismatches and blind spots. Mismatches occur due to the data's broad scope missing finer details. Blind spots arise from ignoring diverse community responses and vulnerabilities to droughts. We suggest enhanced monitoring by technical extension officers for both severe and mild droughts.
Edward R. Schenk, Alex Wood, Allen Haden, Gabriel Baca, Jake Fleishman, and Joe Loverich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-727-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Post-wildfire flooding and debris are dangerous and damaging. This study used three different sediment models to predict post-wildfire sediment sources and transport amounts downstream of the 2019 Museum Fire in northern Arizona, USA. The predictions were compared with real-world measurements of sediment that was cleaned out of the city of Flagstaff after four large floods in 2021. Results provide avenues for continued model refinement and an example of potential mitigation strategies.
Belinda Rhein and Heidi Kreibich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 581–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-581-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-581-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In July 2021, flooding killed 190 people in Germany, 134 of them in the Ahr valley, making it the deadliest flood in recent German history. The flash flood was extreme in terms of water levels, flow velocities and flood extent, and early warning and evacuation were inadequate. Many died on the ground floor or in the street, with older and impaired individuals especially vulnerable. Clear warnings should urge people to seek safety rather than save belongings, and timely evacuations are essential.
Paola Ceresa, Gianbattista Bussi, Simona Denaro, Gabriele Coccia, Paolo Bazzurro, Mario Martina, Ettore Fagà, Carlos Avelar, Mario Ordaz, Benjamin Huerta, Osvaldo Garay, Zhanar Raimbekova, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Sitora Mirzokhonova, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, and Vladimir Belikov
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 403–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-403-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-403-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A fully probabilistic flood risk assessment was carried out for five Central Asian countries to support regional and national risk financing and insurance applications. The paper presents the first high-resolution regional-scale transboundary flood risk assessment study in the area aiming to provide tools for decision-making.
Roberto Bentivoglio, Elvin Isufi, Sebastiaan Nicolas Jonkman, and Riccardo Taormina
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 335–351, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-335-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-335-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Deep learning methods are increasingly used as surrogates for spatio-temporal flood models but struggle with generalization and speed. Here, we propose a multi-resolution approach using graph neural networks that predicts dike breach floods across different meshes, topographies, and boundary conditions with high accuracy and up to 1000× speed-ups. The model also generalizes to larger more complex case studies with just one additional simulation for fine-tuning.
Maria Staudinger, Martina Kauzlaric, Alexandre Mas, Guillaume Evin, Benoit Hingray, and Daniel Viviroli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 247–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-247-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-247-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Various combinations of antecedent conditions and precipitation result in floods of varying degrees. Antecedent conditions played a crucial role in generating even large ones. The key predictors and spatial patterns of antecedent conditions leading to flooding at the basin's outlet were distinct. Precipitation and soil moisture from almost all sub-catchments were important for more frequent floods. For rarer events, only the predictors of specific sub-catchments were important.
Paul Voit and Maik Heistermann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4609–4615, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4609-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4609-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods have caused significant damage in the past. To prepare for such events, we rely on historical data but face issues due to rare rainfall events, lack of data and climate change. Counterfactuals, or
what ifscenarios, simulate historical rainfall in different locations to estimate flood levels. Our new study refines this by deriving more-plausible local scenarios, using the June 2024 Bavaria flood as a case study. This method could improve preparedness for future floods.
Chinh Luu, Giuseppe Forino, Lynda Yorke, Hang Ha, Quynh Duy Bui, Hanh Hong Tran, Dinh Quoc Nguyen, Hieu Cong Duong, and Matthieu Kervyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4385–4408, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel and integrated approach to assessing the climate hazards of floods and wildfires. We explore multi-hazard assessment and risk through a machine learning modeling approach. The process includes collecting a database of topography, climate, geology, environment, and building data; developing models for multi-hazard assessment and coding in the Google Earth Engine; and producing credible multi-hazard susceptibility and building exposure maps.
Claudia De Lucia, Michele Amaddii, and Chiara Arrighi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4317–4339, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes the flood damage to cultural heritage (CH) that occurred in September 2022 in central Italy. Datasets related to flood impacts on cultural heritage are rare, and this work aims at highlighting both tangible and intangible aspects and their correlation with physical characteristics of flood (i.e. water depth and flow velocity). The results show that current knowledge and datasets are inadequate for risk assessment of CH.
Pravin Maduwantha, Thomas Wahl, Sara Santamaria-Aguilar, Robert Jane, James F. Booth, Hanbeen Kim, and Gabriele Villarini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4091–4107, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
When assessing the likelihood of compound flooding, most studies ignore that it can arise from different storm types with distinct statistical characteristics. Here, we present a new statistical framework that accounts for these differences and shows how neglecting these can impact the likelihood of compound flood potential.
Bruno Merz, Günter Blöschl, Robert Jüpner, Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4015–4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flood risk assessments help us decide how to reduce the risk of flooding. Since these assessments are based on probabilities, it is hard to check their accuracy by comparing them to past data. We suggest a new way to validate these assessments, making sure they are practical for real-life decisions. This approach looks at both the technical details and the real-world situations where decisions are made. We demonstrate its practicality by applying it to flood emergency planning.
Zhi Li, Hanqi Li, Zhibo Zhang, Chaomeng Dai, and Simin Jiang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3977–3990, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study used advanced computer simulations to investigate how earthquake-induced building collapse affects flooding of the metro stations in Shanghai. Results show that the influences of building collapse on rainfall-driven and river-driven floods are different because these two types of floods have different origination and propagation mechanisms.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Christian Marx, and Chris Soulsby
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3907–3924, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3907-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3907-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Streams are increasingly impacted by droughts and floods. Still, the amount of water needed for sustainable flows remains unclear and contested. A comparison of two streams in the Berlin–Brandenburg region of northeast Germany, using stable water isotopes, shows strong groundwater dependence with seasonal rainfall contributing to high/low flows. Understanding streamflow variability can help us assess the impacts of climate change on future water resource management.
Samuel Jonson Sutanto, Matthijs Janssen, Mariana Madruga de Brito, and Maria del Pozo Garcia
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3703–3721, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A conventional flood risk assessment only evaluates flood hazard in isolation without considering wildfires. This study, therefore, evaluates the effect of wildfires on flood risk, considering both current and future conditions for the Ebro River basin in Spain. Results show that extreme climate change increases the risk of flooding, especially when considering the effect of wildfires, highlighting the importance of adopting a multi-hazard risk management approach.
Miroslav Spano and Jaromir Riha
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3683–3701, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study examines the effects of hydrogeological hazard due to construction of the Skalička Dam near the Hranice Karst on groundwater discharges and water levels in the local karst formations downstream. A simplified pipe model was used to analyze the impact of two dam layouts: lateral and through-flow reservoirs. Results show that the through-flow scheme more significantly influences water levels and the discharge of mineral water, while the lateral layout has only negligible impact.
Rudolf Brázdil, Dominika Faturová, Monika Šulc Michalková, Jan Řehoř, Martin Caletka, and Pavel Zahradníček
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3663–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flash floods belong to natural hazards that can be enhanced in frequency, intensity, and impact during recent climate change. This paper presents a complex analysis of spatiotemporal variability and human impacts (including material damage and fatalities) of flash floods in the Czech Republic for the 2001–2023 period. The analysis generally shows no statistically significant trends in the characteristics analyzed.
Melissa Wood, Ivan D. Haigh, Quan Quan Le, Hung Nghia Nguyen, Hoang Ba Tran, Stephen E. Darby, Robert Marsh, Nikolaos Skliris, and Joël J.-M. Hirschi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3627–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We look at how compound flooding from the combination of river flooding and storm tides (storm surge and astronomical tide) may be changing over time due to climate change, with a case study of the Mekong River delta. We found that future compound flooding has the potential to flood the region more extensively and be longer lasting than compound floods today. This is useful to know because it means managers of deltas such as the Mekong can assess options for improving existing flood defences.
Maryam Pakdehi, Ebrahim Ahmadisharaf, Behzad Nazari, and Eunsaem Cho
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3537–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3537-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3537-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have increasingly received attention for modeling flood events. However, there are concerns about the transferability of these models (their capability in predicting out-of-sample and unseen events). Here, we show that ML models can be transferable for hindcasting maximum river flood depths across extreme events (four hurricanes) in a large coastal watershed (HUC6) when informed by the spatial distribution of pertinent features and underlying physical processes.
María Carmen Llasat, Montserrat Llasat-Botija, Erika Pardo, Raül Marcos-Matamoros, and Marc Lemus-Canovas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3423–3443, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows the first public and systematic dataset of flood episodes referring to the entire Pyrenees massif, at municipal scale, named PIRAGUA_flood. Of the 181 flood events (1981–2015) that produced 154 fatalities, 36 were transnational, with the eastern part of the massif most affected. Dominant weather types show a southern component flow, with a talweg on the Iberian Peninsula and a depression in the vicinity. A positive and significant trend was found in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Ina Pohle, Sarah Zeilfelder, Johannes Birner, and Benjamin Creutzfeldt
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-187, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-187, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change, the lignite mining phase-out, and structural changes challenge Berlin's water resources management. The 2018–2023 drought uniquely impacted temperature, precipitation, groundwater, and surface water. Reduced water availability and rising demand are creating latent water quality problems. Addressing these challenges requires extensive measures in Berlin and its surrounding areas.
Colin M. Zarzycki, Benjamin D. Ascher, Alan M. Rhoades, and Rachel R. McCrary
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3315–3335, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an automated workflow to detect rain-on-snow events, which cause flooding in the northeastern United States, in climate data. Analyzing the Susquehanna River basin, this technique identified known events affecting river flow. Comparing four gridded datasets revealed variations in event frequency and severity, driven by different snowmelt and runoff estimates. This highlights the need for accurate climate data in flood management and risk prediction for these compound extremes.
Dongyu Feng, Zeli Tan, Darren Engwirda, Jonathan D. Wolfe, Donghui Xu, Chang Liao, Gautam Bisht, James J. Benedict, Tian Zhou, Mithun Deb, Hong-Yi Li, and L. Ruby Leung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2785, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2785, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores how riverine and coastal flooding during hurricanes is influenced by the interaction of atmosphere, land, river and ocean conditions. Using an advanced Earth system model, we simulate Hurricane Irene to evaluate how meteorological and hydrological uncertainties affect flood modeling. Our findings reveal the importance of a multi-component modeling system, how hydrological conditions play critical roles in flood modeling, and greater flood risks if multiple factors are present.
Anne F. Van Loon, Sarra Kchouk, Alessia Matanó, Faranak Tootoonchi, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Khalid E. A. Hassaballah, Minchao Wu, Marthe L. K. Wens, Anastasiya Shyrokaya, Elena Ridolfi, Riccardo Biella, Viorica Nagavciuc, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Ana Bastos, Louise Cavalcante, Franciska T. de Vries, Margaret Garcia, Johanna Mård, Ileen N. Streefkerk, Claudia Teutschbein, Roshanak Tootoonchi, Ruben Weesie, Valentin Aich, Juan P. Boisier, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Yiheng Du, Mauricio Galleguillos, René Garreaud, Monica Ionita, Sina Khatami, Johanna K. L. Koehler, Charles H. Luce, Shreedhar Maskey, Heidi D. Mendoza, Moses N. Mwangi, Ilias G. Pechlivanidis, Germano G. Ribeiro Neto, Tirthankar Roy, Robert Stefanski, Patricia Trambauer, Elizabeth A. Koebele, Giulia Vico, and Micha Werner
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3173–3205, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is a creeping phenomenon but is often still analysed and managed like an isolated event, without taking into account what happened before and after. Here, we review the literature and analyse five cases to discuss how droughts and their impacts develop over time. We find that the responses of hydrological, ecological, and social systems can be classified into four types and that the systems interact. We provide suggestions for further research and monitoring, modelling, and management.
Sheik Umar Jam-Jalloh, Jia Liu, Yicheng Wang, and Yuchen Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3155–3172, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper explores improving flood forecasting using advanced weather and hydrological models. By coupling the WRF model with WRF-Hydro and HEC-HMS, we achieved more accurate forecasts. WRF–WRF-Hydro excels for short, intense storms, while WRF–HEC-HMS is better for longer, evenly distributed storms. Our research shows how these models provide insights for adaptive atmospheric–hydrologic systems and aims to boost flood preparedness and response with more reliable, timely predictions.
Joshua Dorrington, Marta Wenta, Federico Grazzini, Linus Magnusson, Frederic Vitart, and Christian M. Grams
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2995–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme rainfall is the leading weather-related source of damages in Europe, but it is still difficult to predict on long timescales. A recent example of this was the devastating floods in the Italian region of Emiglia Romagna in May 2023. We present perspectives based on large-scale dynamical information that allows us to better understand and predict such events.
Alison L. Kay, Nick Dunstone, Gillian Kay, Victoria A. Bell, and Jamie Hannaford
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2953–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological hazards affect people and ecosystems, but extremes are not fully understood due to limited observations. A large climate ensemble and simple hydrological model are used to assess unprecedented but plausible floods and droughts. The chain gives extreme flows outside the observed range: summer 2022 ~ 28 % lower and autumn 2023 ~ 42 % higher. Spatial dependence and temporal persistence are analysed. Planning for such events could help water supply resilience and flood risk management.
Fenglin Xu, Yong Liu, Guoqing Zhang, Ping Zhao, R. Iestyn Woolway, Yani Zhu, Jianting Ju, Tao Zhou, Xue Wang, and Wenfeng Chen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-127, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-127, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial lake outbursts have been widely studied, but large inland lake outbursts have received less attention. Recently, with the rapid expansion of inland lakes, signs of potential outbursts have increased. However, the processes, causes, and mechanisms are still not well understood. Here, the outburst processes were investigated using a combination of field surveys, remote sensing mapping, and hydrodynamic modelling. The causes and mechanisms that triggered the two events were investigated.
Viet Dung Nguyen, Jeroen Aerts, Max Tesselaar, Wouter Botzen, Heidi Kreibich, Lorenzo Alfieri, and Bruno Merz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2923–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored how seasonal flood forecasts could enhance insurance premium accuracy. Insurers traditionally rely on historical data, yet climate fluctuations influence flood risk. We employed a method that predicts seasonal floods to adjust premiums accordingly. Our findings showed significant year-to-year variations in flood risk and premiums, underscoring the importance of adaptability. Despite limitations, this research aids insurers in preparing for evolving risks.
Shahin Khosh Bin Ghomash, Heiko Apel, and Daniel Caviedes-Voullième
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2857–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2857-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2857-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Early warning is essential to minimise the impact of flash floods. We explore the use of highly detailed flood models to simulate the 2021 flood event in the lower Ahr valley (Germany). Using very high-resolution models resolving individual streets and buildings, we produce detailed, quantitative, and actionable information for early flood warning systems. Using state-of-the-art computational technology, these models can guarantee very fast forecasts which allow for sufficient time to respond.
Andrea Betterle and Peter Salamon
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2817–2836, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2817-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study proposes a new framework, named FLEXTH, to estimate flood water depth and improve satellite-based flood monitoring using topographical data. FLEXTH is readily available as a computer code, offering a practical and scalable solution for estimating flood depth quickly and systematically over large areas. The methodology can reduce the impacts of floods and enhance emergency response efforts, particularly where resources are limited.
Shahin Khosh Bin Ghomash, Heiko Apel, Kai Schröter, and Max Steinhausen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-139, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces RIM2D, a hydrodynamic model for precise and rapid flood predictions, ideal for early warning systems. We demonstrate RIM2D's ability to deliver detailed and localized flood forecasts using the June 2023 flood in Braunschweig, Germany, as a case study. This research highlights the readiness of RIM2D and the required hardware for integration into operational flood warning and impact-based forecasting systems.
Francisco Javier Gomez, Keighobad Jafarzadegan, Hamed Moftakhari, and Hamid Moradkhani
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2647–2665, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2647-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2647-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilizes the global copula Bayesian model averaging technique for accurate and reliable flood modeling, especially in coastal regions. By integrating multiple precipitation datasets within this framework, we can effectively address sources of error in each dataset, leading to the generation of probabilistic flood maps. The creation of these probabilistic maps is essential for disaster preparedness and mitigation in densely populated areas susceptible to extreme weather events.
Manuel Grenier, Mathieu Boudreault, David A. Carozza, Jérémie Boudreault, and Sébastien Raymond
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2577–2595, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2577-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2577-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling floods at the street level for large countries like Canada and the United States is difficult and very costly. However, many applications do not necessarily require that level of detail. As a result, we present a flood modelling framework built with artificial intelligence for socioeconomic studies like trend and scenarios analyses. We find for example that an increase of 10 % in average precipitation yields an increase in displaced population of 18 % in Canada and 14 % in the US.
Helge Bormann, Jenny Kebschull, Lidia Gaslikova, and Ralf Weisse
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2559–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland flooding is threatening coastal lowlands. If rainfall and storm surges coincide, the risk of inland flooding increases. We examine how such compound events are influenced by climate change. Data analysis and model-based scenario analysis show that climate change induces an increasing frequency and intensity of compounding precipitation and storm tide events along the North Sea coast. Overload of inland drainage systems will also increase if no timely adaptation measures are taken.
Yanxia Shen, Zhenduo Zhu, Qi Zhou, and Chunbo Jiang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2315–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an improved Multigrid Dynamical Bidirectional Coupled hydrologic–hydrodynamic Model (IM-DBCM) with two major improvements: (1) automated non-uniform mesh generation based on the D-infinity algorithm was implemented to identify flood-prone areas where high-resolution inundation conditions are needed, and (2) ghost cells and bilinear interpolation were implemented to improve numerical accuracy in interpolating variables between the coarse and fine grids. The improved model was reliable.
Taylor Glen Johnson, Jorge Leandro, and Divine Kwaku Ahadzie
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2285–2302, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2285-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2285-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliance on infrastructure creates vulnerabilities to disruptions caused by natural hazards. To assess the impacts of natural hazards on the performance of infrastructure, we present a framework for quantifying resilience and develop a model of recovery based upon an application of project scheduling under resource constraints. The resilience framework and recovery model were applied in a case study to assess the resilience of building infrastructure to flooding hazards in Accra, Ghana.
Arnau Amengual, Romu Romero, María Carmen Llasat, Alejandro Hermoso, and Montserrat Llasat-Botija
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2215–2242, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On 22 October 2019, the Francolí River basin experienced a heavy precipitation event, resulting in a catastrophic flash flood. Few studies comprehensively address both the physical and human dimensions and their interrelations during extreme flash flooding. This research takes a step forward towards filling this gap in knowledge by examining the alignment among all these factors.
Paul Voit and Maik Heistermann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2147–2164, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To identify flash flood potential in Germany, we shifted the most extreme rainfall events from the last 22 years systematically across Germany and simulated the consequent runoff reaction. Our results show that almost all areas in Germany have not seen the worst-case scenario of flood peaks within the last 22 years. With a slight spatial change of historical rainfall events, flood peaks of a factor of 2 or more would be achieved for most areas. The results can aid disaster risk management.
Günter Blöschl, Andreas Buttinger-Kreuzhuber, Daniel Cornel, Julia Eisl, Michael Hofer, Markus Hollaus, Zsolt Horváth, Jürgen Komma, Artem Konev, Juraj Parajka, Norbert Pfeifer, Andreas Reithofer, José Salinas, Peter Valent, Roman Výleta, Jürgen Waser, Michael H. Wimmer, and Heinz Stiefelmeyer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2071–2091, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A methodology of regional flood hazard mapping is proposed, based on data in Austria, which combines automatic methods with manual interventions to maximise efficiency and to obtain estimation accuracy similar to that of local studies. Flood discharge records from 781 stations are used to estimate flood hazard patterns of a given return period at a resolution of 2 m over a total stream length of 38 000 km. The hazard maps are used for civil protection, risk awareness and insurance purposes.
Christoph Nathanael von Matt, Regula Muelchi, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Olivia Martius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1975–2001, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The simultaneous occurrence of meteorological (precipitation), agricultural (soil moisture), and hydrological (streamflow) drought can lead to augmented impacts. By analysing drought indices derived from the newest climate scenarios for Switzerland (CH2018, Hydro-CH2018), we show that with climate change the concurrence of all drought types will increase in all studied regions of Switzerland. Our results stress the benefits of and need for both mitigation and adaptation measures at early stages.
Melody Gwyneth Whitehead and Mark Stephen Bebbington
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1929–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation-driven hazards including floods, landslides, and lahars can be catastrophic and difficult to forecast due to high uncertainty around future weather patterns. This work presents a stochastic weather model that produces statistically similar (realistic) rainfall over long time periods at minimal computational cost. These data provide much-needed inputs for hazard simulations to support long-term, time and spatially varying risk assessments.
Jan Sodoge, Christian Kuhlicke, Miguel D. Mahecha, and Mariana Madruga de Brito
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1757–1777, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We delved into the socio-economic impacts of the 2018–2022 drought in Germany. We derived a dataset covering the impacts of droughts in Germany between 2000 and 2022 on sectors such as agriculture and forestry based on newspaper articles. Notably, our study illustrated that the longer drought had a wider reach and more varied effects. We show that dealing with longer droughts requires different plans compared to shorter ones, and it is crucial to be ready for the challenges they bring.
Mario Di Bacco, Daniela Molinari, and Anna Rita Scorzini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1681–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
INSYDE 2.0 is a tool for modelling flood damage to residential buildings. By incorporating ultra-detailed survey and desk-based data, it improves the reliability and informativeness of damage assessments while addressing input data uncertainties.
Théo St. Pierre Ostrander, Thomé Kraus, Bruno Mazzorana, Johannes Holzner, Andrea Andreoli, Francesco Comiti, and Bernhard Gems
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1607–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain river confluences are hazardous during localized flooding events. A physical model was used to determine the dominant controls over mountain confluences. Contrary to lowland confluences, in mountain regions, the channel discharges and (to a lesser degree) the tributary sediment concentration control morphological patterns. Applying conclusions drawn from lowland confluences could misrepresent depositional and erosional patterns and the related flood hazard at mountain river confluences.
Nils Poncet, Philippe Lucas-Picher, Yves Tramblay, Guillaume Thirel, Humberto Vergara, Jonathan Gourley, and Antoinette Alias
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1163–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1163-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1163-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution convection-permitting climate models (CPMs) are now available to better simulate rainstorm events leading to flash floods. In this study, two hydrological models are compared to simulate floods in a Mediterranean basin, showing a better ability of the CPM to reproduce flood peaks compared to coarser-resolution climate models. Future projections are also different, with a projected increase for the most severe floods and a potential decrease for the most frequent events.
Wilson C. H. Chan, Nigel W. Arnell, Geoff Darch, Katie Facer-Childs, Theodore G. Shepherd, and Maliko Tanguy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1065–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The most recent drought in the UK was declared in summer 2022. We pooled a large sample of plausible winters from seasonal hindcasts and grouped them into four clusters based on their atmospheric circulation configurations. Drought storylines representative of what the drought could have looked like if winter 2022/23 resembled each winter circulation storyline were created to explore counterfactuals of how bad the 2022 drought could have been over winter 2022/23 and beyond.
Dino Collalti, Nekeisha Spencer, and Eric Strobl
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 873–890, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The risk of extreme rainfall events causing floods is likely increasing with climate change. Flash floods, which follow immediately after extreme rainfall, are particularly difficult to forecast and assess. We develop a decision rule for flash flood classification with data on all incidents between 2001 and 2018 in Jamaica with the statistical copula method. This decision rule tells us for any rainfall event of a certain duration how intense it has to be to likely trigger a flash flood.
Ivan Vorobevskii, Thi Thanh Luong, and Rico Kronenberg
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 681–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new version of a framework which allows us to model water balance components at any site on a local scale. Compared with the first version, the second incorporates new datasets used to set up and force the model. In particular, we highlight the ability of the framework to provide seasonal forecasts. This gives potential stakeholders (farmers, foresters, policymakers, etc.) the possibility to forecast, for example, soil moisture drought and thus apply the necessary measures.
Cited articles
Agonafir, C., Lakhankar, T., Khanbilvardi, R., Krakauer, N., Radell, D., and Devineni, N.: A review of recent advances in urban flood research, Water Secur., 19, 100141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2023.100141, 2023.
Balbastre-Soldevila, R., García-Bartual, R., and Andrés-Doménech, I.: A Comparison of Design Storms for Urban Drainage System Applications, Water, 11, 757, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040757, 2019.
Barau, A. and Wada, A. S.: Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria, in: African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, edited by: Oguge, N., Ayal, D., Adeleke, L., and da Silva, I., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1353–1380, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_190, 2021.
Bassel, M.: Eaux et environnement à Dakar-Pluies, ruissellement, pollution et évacuation des eaux. Contribution à l'étude des problèmes d'environnement liés aux eaux dans la région de Dakar, PhD thesis, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Département de Géographie, 244 pp., https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010012652 (last access: 20 October 2023), 1996.
Bassel, M. and Pépin, Y.: Pluies, ruissellement, évacuation et qualité des eaux sur le bassin versant de Mermoz-Fann: Contribution à l'étude des problèmes d'environnement liés aux eaux dans la région de Dakar, rapport de campagne, ORSTOM, 59 pp., https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010010028 (last access: 20 October 2023), 1995.
Bassel, M., Pépin, Y., and Thiébaux, J. P.: Rapport de campagne: Bassin urbain de Dakar, ORSTOM, 55 pp., https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010020660 (last access: 27 October 2023), 1994.
Bentivoglio, R., Isufi, E., Jonkman, S. N., and Taormina, R.: Deep learning methods for flood mapping: a review of existing applications and future research directions, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4345–4378, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4345-2022, 2022.
Bichet, A. and Diedhiou, A.: West African Sahel has become wetter during the last 30 years, but dry spells are shorter and more frequent, Clim. Res., 75, 155–162, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01515, 2018.
Bodian, A.: Caractérisation de la variabilité temporelle récente des précipitations annuelles au Sénégal (Afrique de l'Ouest), Physio-Géo, 8, 297–312, https://doi.org/10.4000/physio-geo.4243, 2014.
Bodian, A., Dacosta, H., Diouf, R. N., Ndiaye, E. H. O., and Mendy, A.: Contribution à la connaissance de l'aléa pluvial au Sénégal grâce à la valorisation des données pluviographiques historiques, Climatologie, 13, 38–46, https://doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.1194, 2016.
Bottazzi, P., Winkler, M. S., Boillat, S., Diagne, A., Maman Chabi Sika, M., Kpangon, A., Faye, S., and Speranza, C. I.: Measuring Subjective Flood Resilience in Suburban Dakar: A Before–After Evaluation of the “Live with Water” Project, Sustainability, 10, 2135, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072135, 2018.
Bouadila, A., Bouizrou, I., Aqnouy, M., En-nagre, K., El Yousfi, Y., Khafouri, A., Hilal, I., Abdelrahman, K., Benaabidate, L., Abu-Alam, T., Stitou El Messari, J. E., and Abioui, M.: Streamflow Simulation in Semiarid Data-Scarce Regions: A Comparative Study of Distributed and Lumped Models at Aguenza Watershed (Morocco), Water, 15, 1602, https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081602, 2023.
Bouvier, C., Chahinian, N., Adamovic, M., Cassé, C., Crespy, A., Crès, A., and Alcoba, M.: Large-Scale GIS-Based Urban Flood Modelling: A Case Study on the City of Ouagadougou, in: Advances in Hydroinformatics, SimHydro2017, Sophia-Antipolis, France, 703–717, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7218-5_50, 2017.
Bouvier, C., Bouchenaki, L., and Tramblay, Y.: Comparison of SCS and Green-Ampt Distributed Models for Flood Modelling in a Small Cultivated Catchment in Senegal, Geosciences, 8, 122, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040122, 2018.
Bulti, D. T. and Abebe, B. G.: A review of flood modeling methods for urban pluvial flood application, Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 6, 1293–1302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00803-z, 2020.
Chagnaud, G., Panthou, G., Vischel, T., Blanchet, J., and Lebel, T.: A unified statistical framework for detecting trends in multi-timescale precipitation extremes: application to non-stationary intensity-duration-frequency curves, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 145, 839–860, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03650-9, 2021.
Chagnaud, G., Panthou, G., Vischel, T., and Lebel, T.: A synthetic view of rainfall intensification in the West African Sahel, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 044005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4a9c, 2022.
Chahinian, N., Alcoba, M., Dembélé, N. D. J., Cazenave, F., and Bouvier, C.: Evaluation of an early flood warning system in Bamako (Mali): Lessons learned from the flood of May 2019, J. Flood Risk Manag., 16, e12878, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12878, 2023.
Chen, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, H., Du, G., and Zhou, J.: Urban flood risk warning under rapid urbanization, Environ. Res., 139, 3–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.028, 2015.
Cissé Faye, S., Faye, S., Wohnlich, S., and Gaye, C. B.: An assessment of the risk associated with urban development in the Thiaroye area (Senegal), Env. Geol., 45, 312–322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0887-x, 2004.
Constantindes, C. A.: Numerical techniques for a two-dimensional kinematic overland flow model, Water SA, 7, 234–248, 1981.
Costabile, P., Costanzo, C., De Lorenzo, G., and Macchione, F.: Is local flood hazard assessment in urban areas significantly influenced by the physical complexity of the hydrodynamic inundation model?, J. Hydrol., 580, 124231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124231, 2020.
Coulibaly, G., Leye, B., Tazen, F., Mounirou, L. A., and Karambiri, H.: Urban Flood Modeling Using 2D Shallow-Water Equations in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Water, 12, 2120, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082120, 2020.
Darabi, H., Choubin, B., Rahmati, O., Torabi Haghighi, A., Pradhan, B., and Kløve, B.: Urban flood risk mapping using the GARP and QUEST models: A comparative study of machine learning techniques, J. Hydrol., 569, 142–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.002, 2019.
Dehotin, J., Chazelle, B., Laverne, G., Hasnaoui, A., Lambert, L., Breil, P., and Braud, I.: Mise en œuvre de la méthode de cartographie du ruissellement IRIP pour l'analyse des risques lies aux écoulements sur l'infrastructure ferroviaire, Houille Blanche, 101, 56–64, https://doi.org/10.1051/lhb/20150069, 2015.
Desbordes, M. and Raous, P.: Un exemple de l'intérêt des études de sensibilité des modèles hydrologiques, Houille Blanche, 62, 37–43, https://doi.org/10.1051/lhb/1976004, 1976.
Descroix, L., Diongue Niang, A., Dacosta, H., Panthou, G., Quantin, G., and Diedhiou, A.: Évolution des pluies de cumul élevé et recrudescence des crues depuis 1951 dans le bassin du Niger moyen (Sahel), Climatologie, 10, 37–49, https://doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.78, 2013.
DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute): Mike Flood 1D-2D and 1D-3D Modelling – user manual, 154 pp., https://manuals.mikepoweredbydhi.help/2021/Water_Resources/MIKE_FLOOD_UserManual.pdf (last access: 17 October 2023), 2021.
Diémé, L. P.: Système de surveillance des inondations à l'échelle de l'agglomération de Dakar, PhD thesis, Université Gaston-Berger, Département de géographie, 177 pp., https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19319.09121, 2023.
Diémé, L. P., Bouvier, C., Bodian, A., and Sidibé, A.: Construction de la topologie de drainage à fine résolution spatiale en milieu urbain: exemple de l'agglomération de Dakar (Sénégal), LHB, 108, 2061313, https://doi.org/10.1080/27678490.2022.2061313, 2022.
Diop, M. S.: Les capacités adaptatives des communautés de la périphérie de Dakar face aux inondations, PhD thesis, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 354 pp., https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02415826 (last access: 11 October 2023), 2019.
Djibo, M., Chwala, C., Ouedraogo, W. Y. S. B., Doumounia, A., Sanou, S. R., Sawadogo, M., Kunstmann, H., and Zougmoré, F.: Commercial microwave link networks for rainfall monitoring in Burkina Faso: First results from a dense network in Ouagadougou, in: 2023 IEEE Multi-conference on Natural and Engineering Sciences for Sahel's Sustainable Development (MNE3SD), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1109/MNE3SD57078.2023.10079165, 2023.
Faye, S. C., Diongue, M. L., Pouye, A., Gaye, C. B., Travi, Y., Wohnlich, S., Faye, S., and Taylor, R. G.: Tracing natural groundwater recharge to the Thiaroye aquifer of Dakar, Senegal, Hydrogeol. J., 27, 1067–1080, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-01923-8, 2019.
Gaisie, E. and Cobbinah, P. B.: Planning for context-based climate adaptation: Flood management inquiry in Accra, Environ. Sci. Policy, 141, 97–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.01.002, 2023.
Galagedara, L. W., Parkin, G. W., and Redman, J. D.: An analysis of the ground-penetrating radar direct ground wave method for soil water content measurement, Hydrol. Process., 17, 3615–3628, 2003.
Henonin, J., Russo, B., Mark, O., and Gourbesville, P.: Real-time urban flood forecasting and modelling – a state of the art, J. Hydroinform., 15, 717–736, https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.132, 2013.
Huang, M., Gallichand, J., Dong, C., Wang, Z., and Shao, M.: Use of soil moisture data and curve number method for estimating runoff in the Loess Plateau of China, Hydrol. Process., 21, 1471–1481, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6312, 2007.
Hungerford, H., Smiley, S., Blair, T., Beutler, S., Bowers, N., and Cadet, E.: Coping with Floods in Pikine, Senegal: An Exploration of Household Impacts and Prevention Efforts, Urban Sci., 3, 54, https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020054, 2019.
Jenson, S. K. and Domingue, J. O.: Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 54, 1593–1600, 1988.
Kelleners, T. J., Robinson, D. A., Shouse, P. J., Ayars, J. E., and Skaggs, T. H.: Frequency dependence of the complex permittivity and its impact on dielectric sensor calibration in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69, 67–76, 2005.
Klutse, N. A. B., Quagraine, K. A., Nkrumah, F., Quagraine, K. T., Berkoh-Oforiwaa, R., Dzrobi, J. F., and Sylla, M. B.: The Climatic Analysis of Summer Monsoon Extreme Precipitation Events over West Africa in CMIP6 Simulations, Earth Syst. Environ., 5, 25–41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-021-00203-y, 2021.
Kreibich, H., Di Baldassarre, G., Vorogushyn, S., Aerts, J. C. J. H., Apel, H., Aronica, G. T., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Bouwer, L. M., Bubeck, P., Caloiero, T., Chinh, D. T., Cortès, M., Gain, A. K., Giampá, V., Kuhlicke, C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Llasat, M. C., Mård, J., Matczak, P., Mazzoleni, M., Molinari, D., Dung, N. V., Petrucci, O., Schröter, K., Slager, K., Thieken, A. H., Ward, P. J., and Merz, B.: Adaptation to flood risk: Results of international paired flood event studies, Earths Future, 5, 953–965, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000606, 2017.
Le Bourgeois, O., Bouvier, C., Brunet, P., and Ayral, P.-A.: Inverse modeling of soil water content to estimate the hydraulic properties of a shallow soil and the associated weathered bedrock, J. Hydrol., 541, 116–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.067, 2016.
Lericollais, A. and Roquet, D.: Croissance de la population et dynamique du peuplement au Sénégal depuis l'indépendance, Espace Popul. Sociétés, 17, 93–106, https://doi.org/10.3406/espos.1999.1872, 1999.
Li, G., Zhao, H., Liu, C., Wang, J., and Yang, F.: City Flood Disaster Scenario Simulation Based on 1D–2D Coupled Rain–Flood Model, Water, 14, 3548, https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213548, 2022.
Maref, N. and Seddini, A.: Modeling of flood generation in semi-arid catchment using a spatially distributed model: case of study Wadi Mekerra catchment (Northwest Algeria), Arab. J. Geosci., 11, 116, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3461-2, 2018.
Mark, O., Weesakul, S., Apirumanekul, C., Aroonnet, S., and Djordjevic, S.: Potential and limitations of 1D modelling of urban flooding, J. Hydrol., 299, 284–299, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(04)00373-7, 2004.
Martínez, C., Sanchez, A., Toloh, B., and Vojinovic, Z.: Multi-objective Evaluation of Urban Drainage Networks Using a 1D/2D Flood Inundation Model, Water Resour. Manag., 32, 4329–4343, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2054-x, 2018.
Mashi, S. A., Inkani, A. I., Obaro, O., and Asanarimam, A. S.: Community perception, response and adaptation strategies towards flood risk in a traditional African city, Nat. Hazards, 103, 1727–1759, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04052-2, 2020.
Meng, X., Zhang, M., Wen, J., Du, S., Xu, H., Wang, L., and Yang, Y.: A Simple GIS-Based Model for Urban Rainstorm Inundation Simulation, Sustainability, 11, 2830, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102830, 2019.
Miller, J., Vischel, T., Fowe, T., Panthou, G., Wilcox, C., Taylor, C. M., Visman, E., Coulibaly, G., Gonzalez, P., Body, R., Vesuviano, G., Bouvier, C., Chahinian, N., and Cazenave, F.: A modelling-chain linking climate science and decision-makers for future urban flood management in West Africa, Reg. Environ. Change, 22, 93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01943-x, 2022a.
Miller, J., Taylor, C., Guichard, F., Peyrillé, P., Vischel, T., Fowe, T., Panthou, G., Visman, E., Bologo, M., Traore, K., Coulibaly, G., Chapelon, N., Beucher, F., Rowell, D. P., and Parker, D. J.: High-impact weather and urban flooding in the West African Sahel – A multidisciplinary case study of the 2009 event in Ouagadougou, Weather Clim. Extrem., 36, 100462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100462, 2022b.
Mosavi, A., Ozturk, P., and Chau, K.: Flood Prediction Using Machine Learning Models: Literature Review, Water, 10, 1536, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111536, 2018.
Moulds, S., Buytaert, W., Templeton, M. R., and Kanu, I.: Modeling the Impacts of Urban Flood Risk Management on Social Inequality, Water Resour. Res., 57, e2020WR029024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029024, 2021.
Ndiaye, I.: Étalement urbain et différenciation sociospatiale à Dakar (Sénégal), Cah. Géographie Qué., 59, 47–69, https://doi.org/10.7202/1034348ar, 2015.
Nicholson, S. E., Some, B., and Kone, B.: An Analysis of Recent Rainfall Conditions in West Africa, Including the Rainy Seasons of the 1997 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña Years, J. Climate, 13, 2628–2640, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2628:AAORRC>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Nkrumah, F., Vischel, T., Panthou, G., Klutse, N. A. B., Adukpo, D. C., and Diedhiou, A.: Recent Trends in the Daily Rainfall Regime in Southern West Africa, Atmosphere, 10, 741, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120741, 2019.
Nkwunonwo, U. C., Whitworth, M., and Baily, B.: A review of the current status of flood modelling for urban flood risk management in the developing countries, Sci. Afr., 7, e00269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00269, 2020.
Nouaceur, Z.: La reprise des pluies et la recrudescence des inondations en Afrique de l'Ouest sahélienne, Physio-Géo Géographie Phys. Environ., 15, 89–109, https://doi.org/10.4000/physio-geo.10966, 2020.
Panthou, G., Lebel, T., Vischel, T., Quantin, G., Sane, Y., Ba, A., Ndiaye, O., Diongue-Niang, A., and Diopkane, M.: Rainfall intensification in tropical semi-arid regions: the Sahelian case, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 064013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aac334, 2018.
Parvin, F., Ali, S. A., Calka, B., Bielecka, E., Linh, N. T. T., and Pham, Q. B.: Urban flood vulnerability assessment in a densely urbanized city using multi-factor analysis and machine learning algorithms, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 149, 639–659, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04068-7, 2022.
Pla, G., Crippa, J., Djerboua, A., Dobricean, O., Dongar, F., Eugene, A., and Raymond, M.: ESPADA: un outil pour la gestion en temps réel des crues éclairs urbaines en pleine modernisation, Houille Blanche, 105, 57–66, https://doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2019027, 2019.
Ponce, V. M. and Hawkins, R. H.: Runoff curve number: Has it reached maturity?, J. Hydrol. Eng., 1, 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1996)1:1(11), 1996.
Pons, F., Delgado, J., Guéro, P., Berthier, E., and Ile-de-France, C.: Exzeco: a gis and dem based method for predetermination of flood risk related to direct runoff and flash floods, 9th Int. Conf. Hydroinformatics HIC 2010, 7–11 September 2010, Tianjin, China, 2063–2070, 2010.
Rabori, A. M. and Ghazavi, R.: Urban Flood Estimation and Evaluation of the Performance of an Urban Drainage System in a Semi-Arid Urban Area Using SWMM, Water Environ. Res., 90, 2075–2082, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143017X15131012188213, 2018.
Rosenzweig, B. R., Herreros Cantis, P., Kim, Y., Cohn, A., Grove, K., Brock, J., Yesuf, J., Mistry, P., Welty, C., McPhearson, T., Sauer, J., and Chang, H.: The Value of Urban Flood Modeling, Earths Future, 9, e2020EF001739, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001739, 2021.
Rubinato, M., Shucksmith, J., Saul, A. J., and Shepherd, W.: Comparison between InfoWorks hydraulic results and a physical model of an urban drainage system, Water Sci. Technol., 68, 372–379, 2013.
Sakijege, T. and Dakyaga, F.: Going beyond generalisation: perspective on the persistence of urban floods in Dar es Salaam, Nat. Hazards, 115, 1909–1926, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05645-9, 2023.
Sambe-Ba, B., Espié, E., Faye, M. E., Timbiné, L. G., Sembene, M., and Gassama-Sow, A.: Community-acquired diarrhea among children and adults in urban settings in Senegal: clinical, epidemiological and microbiological aspects, BMC Infect. Dis., 13, 580, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-580, 2013.
Sané, O., Gaye, A. T., Diakhate, M., and Aziadekey, M.: Critical Factors of Vulnerability That Enable Medina Gounass (Dakar/Senegal) to Adapt against Seasonal Flood Events, J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., 08, 457–469, https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2016.84038, 2016.
Sane, Y., Panthou, G., Bodian, A., Vischel, T., Lebel, T., Dacosta, H., Quantin, G., Wilcox, C., Ndiaye, O., Diongue-Niang, A., and Diop Kane, M.: Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) rainfall curves in Senegal, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1849–1866, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1849-2018, 2018.
Sène, A., Sarr, M. A., Kane, A., and Diallo, M.: L'assèchement des lacs littoraux de la grande côte du Sénégal: Mythe ou réalité? Cas des lacs Thiourour, Warouwaye et Wouye de la banlieue de Dakar, J. Anim. Plant Sci., 35, 5623–5638, 2018.
Sène, A. M.: L'urbanisation de l'Afrique: davantage de bidonvilles ou des villes intelligentes?, Popul. Avenir, 739, 14–16, https://doi.org/10.3917/popav.739.0014, 2018.
Sene, S. and Ozer, P.: Evolution pluviométrique et relation inondations – événements pluvieux au Sénégal, Bull. Société Géographique Liège, 42, 27–33, 2002.
Sidek, L. M., Jaafar, A. S., Majid, W. H. A. W. A., Basri, H., Marufuzzaman, M., Fared, M. M., and Moon, W. C.: High-resolution hydrological-hydraulic modeling of urban floods using InfoWorks ICM, Sustainability, 13, 10259, https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810259, 2021.
Šimůnek, J., Genuchten, M. T., and Šejna, M.: Recent Developments and Applications of the HYDRUS Computer Software Packages, Vadose Zone J., 15, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.04.0033, 2016.
Skrede, T. I., Muthanna, T. M., and Alfredesen, K.: Applicability of urban streets as temporary open floodways, Hydrol. Res., 51, 621–634, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.067, 2020.
Steenhuis, T. S., Winchell, M., Rossing, J., Zollweg, J. A., and Walter, M. F.: SCS Runoff Equation Revisited for Variable-Source Runoff Areas, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 121, 234–238, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:3(234), 1995.
Sy, B., Frischknecht, C., Dao, H., Consuegra, D., and Giuliani, G.: Reconstituting past flood events: the contribution of citizen science, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 61–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-61-2020, 2020.
Tadesse, A. and Anagnostou, E. N.: African convective system characteristics determined through tracking analysis, Atmos. Res., 98, 468–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.012, 2010.
Taromideh, F., Fazloula, R., Choubin, B., Emadi, A., and Berndtsson, R.: Urban Flood-Risk Assessment: Integration of Decision-Making and Machine Learning, Sustainability, 14, 4483, https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084483, 2022.
Taylor, C. M., Belušić, D., Guichard, F., Parker, D. J., Vischel, T., Bock, O., Harris, P. P., Janicot, S., Klein, C., and Panthou, G.: Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations, Nature, 544, 475–478, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22069, 2017.
Tazen, F., Diarra, A., Kabore, R. F. W., Ibrahim, B., Bologo/Traoré, M., Traoré, K., and Karambiri, H.: Trends in flood events and their relationship to extreme rainfall in an urban area of Sahelian West Africa: The case study of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, J. Flood Risk Manag., 12, e12507, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12507, 2018.
Tramblay, Y., Bouvier, C., Ayral, P.-A., and Marchandise, A.: Impact of rainfall spatial distribution on rainfall-runoff modelling efficiency and initial soil moisture conditions estimation, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 157–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-157-2011, 2011.
Turko, M., Gosset, M., Kacou, M., Bouvier, C., Chahinian, N., Boone, A., and Alcoba, M.: Rainfall Measurement from Commercial Microwave Links for Urban Hydrology in Africa: A Simulation Framework for Sensitivity Analysis, J. Hydrometeorol., 22, 1819–1834, 2021.
Williams, D. S., Máñez Costa, M., Sutherland, C., Celliers, L., and Scheffran, J.: Vulnerability of informal settlements in the context of rapid urbanization and climate change, Environ. Urban., 31, 157–176, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818819694, 2019.
Yengoh, G. T., Fogwe, Z. N., and Armah, F. A.: Floods in the Douala metropolis, Cameroon: attribution to changes in rainfall characteristics or planning failures?, J. Environ. Plann. Man., 60, 204–230, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1149048, 2017.
Yuan, Y., Chen, S. S., and Miao, Y.: Unmanaged Urban Growth in Dar es Salaam: The Spatiotemporal Pattern and Influencing Factors, Sustainability, 15, 10575, https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310575, 2023.
Zanchetta, A. and Coulibaly, P.: Recent Advances in Real-Time Pluvial Flash Flood Forecasting, Water, 12, 570, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020570, 2020.
Zhang, C., Huang, H., and Li, Y.: Analysis of water accumulation in urban street based on DEM generated from LiDAR data, Desalination Water Treat., 119, 253–261, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22049, 2018.
Zheng, X., Maidment, D. R., Tarboton, D. G., Liu, Y. Y., and Passalacqua, P.: GeoFlood: Large-Scale Flood Inundation Mapping Based on High-Resolution Terrain Analysis, Water Resour. Res., 54, 10013–10033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023457, 2018.
Zhenyu, X. and Olivier, B.: Conception des réseaux d'assainissement: Pluies de projet et norme NF EN 752-2, Rev. Eur. Génie Civ., 9, 401–413, https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2005.9692762, 2005.
Zhu, Z., Chen, Z., Chen, X., and He, P.: Approach for evaluating inundation risks in urban drainage systems, Sci. Total Environ., 553, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.025, 2016.
Short summary
We propose a decision support tool that detect the occurrence of flooding by drainage overflow, with sufficiently short calculation times. The simulations are based on a drainage topology on 5 m grids, incorporating changes to surface flows induced by urbanization. The method can be used for flood mapping in project mode and in real time. It applies to the present situation as well as to any scenario involving climate change or urban growth.
We propose a decision support tool that detect the occurrence of flooding by drainage overflow,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint