Articles | Volume 24, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-847-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-847-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 11 Mar 2024
| 11 Mar 2024
An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars
Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
Raphael Portmann
Agroscope Reckenholz, Zurich, Switzerland
Leonie Villiger
Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
Katharina Schröer
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
David N. Bresch
Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Hailstorm prediction and loss assessment using high-resolution hazard and claims data M. Fonseca-Cerda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108501
- Aerosol effects on convective storms under pseudo-global warming conditions: insights from case studies in Germany L. Lucas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18527-2025
- Projected changes in European hail damage risk to buildings: Insights from 3 °C Pseudo Global Warming simulations with a km-scale regional climate model T. Schmid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100630
- Hail as a damage vector for renewable energy S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114439
- Insights from hailstorm track analysis in European climate change simulations K. Brennan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3693-2025
- Impact of cloud seeding on simulated hailstorms and its dependence on CAPE, wind shear, and tracking thresholds N. Papaevangelou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9393-2026
- Invited perspectives: Thunderstorm intensification from mountains to plains J. Fischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2629-2025
- Advances and challenges in hail research: report from the 4th European hail workshop 2024 M. Kunz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1699216
- Divergent European hail projections from machine learning and physically based models under global warming M. Chericoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00218-3
- An object-based and Lagrangian view on an intense hailstorm day in Switzerland as represented in COSMO-1E ensemble hindcast simulations K. Brennan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-645-2025
- A fuzzy synthetic evaluation of critical climate risk factors in resilient buildings: evidence from Ghana S. Gyimah et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07545-5
- Hail vulnerability modeling for Calgary, Canada using environmental and socioeconomic data with multivariate regression and machine learning techniques Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106153
- Modelling crop hail damage footprints with single-polarization radar: the roles of spatial resolution, hail intensity, and cropland density R. Portmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2541-2024
- Hail events in Germany: rare or frequent natural hazards? T. Wilke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3141-2025
- Verification of weather-radar-based hail metrics with crowdsourced observations from Switzerland J. Kopp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4529-2024
- Observed hailstorm characteristics and emerging trends in the western Alpine region: a 20-year storm-scale analysis A. Schulte-Fischedick et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1783155
- Reconstructing hail days in Switzerland with statistical models (1959–2022) L. Wilhelm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3869-2024
- User‐Tailored Impact‐Based Hail Forecasts in Switzerland V. Gebhart et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70158
- Bayesian modeling of insurance claims for hail damage O. Miralles & A. Davison https://doi.org/10.1214/24-AOAS1925
- Stochastic modeling of radar-derived maximum estimated size of hail for scenario-based hail loss estimation K. Goda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105819
- A high-resolution compound vulnerability function for severe convective storm losses D. van Ederen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100656
- A probabilistic assessment of hail hazard impact on the life cycle of BMPV systems R. di Filippo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117564
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Hailstorm prediction and loss assessment using high-resolution hazard and claims data M. Fonseca-Cerda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108501
- Aerosol effects on convective storms under pseudo-global warming conditions: insights from case studies in Germany L. Lucas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18527-2025
- Projected changes in European hail damage risk to buildings: Insights from 3 °C Pseudo Global Warming simulations with a km-scale regional climate model T. Schmid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100630
- Hail as a damage vector for renewable energy S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114439
- Insights from hailstorm track analysis in European climate change simulations K. Brennan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3693-2025
- Impact of cloud seeding on simulated hailstorms and its dependence on CAPE, wind shear, and tracking thresholds N. Papaevangelou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9393-2026
- Invited perspectives: Thunderstorm intensification from mountains to plains J. Fischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2629-2025
- Advances and challenges in hail research: report from the 4th European hail workshop 2024 M. Kunz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1699216
- Divergent European hail projections from machine learning and physically based models under global warming M. Chericoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00218-3
- An object-based and Lagrangian view on an intense hailstorm day in Switzerland as represented in COSMO-1E ensemble hindcast simulations K. Brennan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-645-2025
- A fuzzy synthetic evaluation of critical climate risk factors in resilient buildings: evidence from Ghana S. Gyimah et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07545-5
- Hail vulnerability modeling for Calgary, Canada using environmental and socioeconomic data with multivariate regression and machine learning techniques Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106153
- Modelling crop hail damage footprints with single-polarization radar: the roles of spatial resolution, hail intensity, and cropland density R. Portmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2541-2024
- Hail events in Germany: rare or frequent natural hazards? T. Wilke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3141-2025
- Verification of weather-radar-based hail metrics with crowdsourced observations from Switzerland J. Kopp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4529-2024
- Observed hailstorm characteristics and emerging trends in the western Alpine region: a 20-year storm-scale analysis A. Schulte-Fischedick et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1783155
- Reconstructing hail days in Switzerland with statistical models (1959–2022) L. Wilhelm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3869-2024
- User‐Tailored Impact‐Based Hail Forecasts in Switzerland V. Gebhart et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70158
- Bayesian modeling of insurance claims for hail damage O. Miralles & A. Davison https://doi.org/10.1214/24-AOAS1925
- Stochastic modeling of radar-derived maximum estimated size of hail for scenario-based hail loss estimation K. Goda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105819
- A high-resolution compound vulnerability function for severe convective storm losses D. van Ederen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100656
- A probabilistic assessment of hail hazard impact on the life cycle of BMPV systems R. di Filippo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117564
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Aug 2026
Short summary
Hailstorms cause severe damage to buildings and cars, which motivates a detailed risk assessment. Here, we present a new open-source hail damage model based on radar data in Switzerland. The model successfully estimates the correct order of magnitude of car and building damages for most large hail events over 20 years. However, large uncertainty remains in the geographical distribution of modelled damages, which can be improved for individual events by using crowdsourced hail reports.
Hailstorms cause severe damage to buildings and cars, which motivates a detailed risk...
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