Articles | Volume 23, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2171-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2171-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article: A European perspective on wind and storm damage – from the meteorological background to index-based approaches to assess impacts
Daniel Gliksman
Chair of Meteorology, Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Paul Averbeck
iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
Nico Becker
Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Barry Gardiner
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwigs University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée, 33610 Cestas, France
Valeri Goldberg
Chair of Meteorology, Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Jens Grieger
Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Dörthe Handorf
Research Department Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Karsten Haustein
Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Fischertwiete 1, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
now at: Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Alexia Karwat
Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144 Hamburg, Germany
Florian Knutzen
Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Fischertwiete 1, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
Hilke S. Lentink
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Department of Tropospheric Research (IMK-TRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Rike Lorenz
Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Deborah Niermann
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frankfurter Straße 135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany
Joaquim G. Pinto
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Department of Tropospheric Research (IMK-TRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Ronald Queck
Chair of Meteorology, Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Astrid Ziemann
Chair of Meteorology, Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Christian L. E. Franzke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Cited
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Features of Linear Convective Windstorms That Determine Their Impact on Northern Eurasian Forests A. Shikhov et al.
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- Decline in daily maximum wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau during 1973–2020: an examination of likely causes Y. Ma et al.
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- A taxonomy for extreme weather events and their impacts on power systems: A comprehensive review of classification, effects, and mitigation strategies D. Bromberger et al.
- Aero-Thermodynamics of UAV Downwash for Dynamic Microclimate Engineering: Ameliorating Effects on Rice Growth, Yield, and Physiological Traits Across Key Growth Stages . Imran et al.
- Effect of repeated pulling loads on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees L. Marchi et al.
- Future Changes of European Windstorm Losses in EURO-CORDEX Simulations I. Alifdini et al.
- Numerical Simulations of the Impacts of Coherent Vortices on Wind Hazards in Urban Blocks D. Yang et al.
- Assessing the vulnerability of cities to climate change: A new index proposal for Türkiye cities H. Öncel
- A coupled stormwater-power model for the simulation of cascading infrastructure failures: An application in Phoenix, AZ N. Srivastava et al.
- Modelling and application of fluid-structure interaction in the study of wind fields and crops interaction: A review H. Feng et al.
- The relationships between extreme winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclone hazards and modes of seasonal climate variability A. Maycock et al.
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- Assessing the intensification and impact of a historical storm in a warmer climate J. Øelund et al.
- High-resolution wind risk mapping of structures deployed along line-like infrastructures: General framework and application L. Raffaele
- Machine learning approach for disaster risk and resilience assessment in coupled human infrastructure systems performance X. Li & A. Mostafavi
- Intelligent Airflow‐Microclimate Engineering Enhances Heat Resilience, Nitrogen Assimilation, and Productivity in Rice Across Diurnal Cycles . Imran et al.
- Intercomparing the quality of recent reanalyses for offshore wind farm planning in Germany's exclusive economic zone of the North Sea T. Spangehl et al.
- Using seasonal forecasts to enhance our understanding of extreme wind and precipitation impacts from extratropical cyclones J. Maddison et al.
- On the need to integrate interannual natural variability into coastal multihazard assessments I. Odériz et al.
- Large-scale modelling wind damage vulnerability through combination of high-resolution forest resources maps and ForestGALES M. Merlin et al.
- Insurance loss model vs. meteorological loss index – how comparable are their loss estimates for European windstorms? J. Moemken et al.
- Process, Causes, and Loss Assessment of the Extreme Wind-Dust Compound Disaster in China in April 2025 G. Zhang et al.
- Windstorm losses in Europe – What to gain from damage datasets J. Moemken et al.
- A data-driven impact-based analysis stemming from first responders reports to predict wind damage to urban trees I. Garcia-Marti et al.
- Seasonal and upstream rainfall controls on monsoon flood onset in Bangladesh’s Haor wetlands M. Rahman
- Predicting and forecasting disasters: A global scan of traditional and local knowledge P. Paudel et al.
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Features of Linear Convective Windstorms That Determine Their Impact on Northern Eurasian Forests A. Shikhov et al.
- Spatiality in Hazard Models for European Windstorms M. Raschke
- Assessing the impact of climate policy uncertainty on lobbying: An empirical analysis of European countries G. Errichiello et al.
- Tree fall along railway lines: modelling the impact of wind and other meteorological factors R. Lorenz et al.
- Impacts on and damage to European forests from the 2018–2022 heat and drought events F. Knutzen et al.
- Impact-based temporal clustering of multiple meteorological hazard types in southwestern Germany K. Küpfer et al.
- Projections of windstorms damages under changing climate and demography for Norway A. Jaison et al.
- Decline in daily maximum wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau during 1973–2020: an examination of likely causes Y. Ma et al.
- Forecasting the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, in the period from 2025 to 2034 using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and statistical models H. De Gracia et al.
- Assessment of wind–damage relations for Norway using 36 years of daily insurance data A. Jaison et al.
- Winter stratospheric extreme events impact European storm damage H. Afargan-Gerstman & D. Domeisen
- UAV Rotors Airflow‐Engineered Microclimate Mitigate Plant Thermal Stress and Enhance Rice Growth and Yield Across Meteorological Dynamics . Imran et al.
- A taxonomy for extreme weather events and their impacts on power systems: A comprehensive review of classification, effects, and mitigation strategies D. Bromberger et al.
- Aero-Thermodynamics of UAV Downwash for Dynamic Microclimate Engineering: Ameliorating Effects on Rice Growth, Yield, and Physiological Traits Across Key Growth Stages . Imran et al.
- Effect of repeated pulling loads on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees L. Marchi et al.
- Future Changes of European Windstorm Losses in EURO-CORDEX Simulations I. Alifdini et al.
- Numerical Simulations of the Impacts of Coherent Vortices on Wind Hazards in Urban Blocks D. Yang et al.
- Assessing the vulnerability of cities to climate change: A new index proposal for Türkiye cities H. Öncel
- A coupled stormwater-power model for the simulation of cascading infrastructure failures: An application in Phoenix, AZ N. Srivastava et al.
- Modelling and application of fluid-structure interaction in the study of wind fields and crops interaction: A review H. Feng et al.
- The relationships between extreme winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclone hazards and modes of seasonal climate variability A. Maycock et al.
- Analysis of the 18 August 2022 western Mediterranean derecho: Atmospheric dynamics and impacts over the northwestern Italian coast E. Avolio et al.
- CLIMK–WINDS: a new database of extreme European winter windstorms C. Flynn et al.
- Mapping the natural disturbance risk to protective forests across the European Alps A. Stritih et al.
- Bursa Şehrinde Açık ve Yeşil Alanlardaki Ağaçların Rüzgâr Hasarı ve Çözüm Önerileri K. Erken & S. Parlak
- Assessing the intensification and impact of a historical storm in a warmer climate J. Øelund et al.
- High-resolution wind risk mapping of structures deployed along line-like infrastructures: General framework and application L. Raffaele
- Machine learning approach for disaster risk and resilience assessment in coupled human infrastructure systems performance X. Li & A. Mostafavi
- Intelligent Airflow‐Microclimate Engineering Enhances Heat Resilience, Nitrogen Assimilation, and Productivity in Rice Across Diurnal Cycles . Imran et al.
- Intercomparing the quality of recent reanalyses for offshore wind farm planning in Germany's exclusive economic zone of the North Sea T. Spangehl et al.
- Using seasonal forecasts to enhance our understanding of extreme wind and precipitation impacts from extratropical cyclones J. Maddison et al.
- On the need to integrate interannual natural variability into coastal multihazard assessments I. Odériz et al.
- Large-scale modelling wind damage vulnerability through combination of high-resolution forest resources maps and ForestGALES M. Merlin et al.
- Insurance loss model vs. meteorological loss index – how comparable are their loss estimates for European windstorms? J. Moemken et al.
- Process, Causes, and Loss Assessment of the Extreme Wind-Dust Compound Disaster in China in April 2025 G. Zhang et al.
- Windstorm losses in Europe – What to gain from damage datasets J. Moemken et al.
- A data-driven impact-based analysis stemming from first responders reports to predict wind damage to urban trees I. Garcia-Marti et al.
- Seasonal and upstream rainfall controls on monsoon flood onset in Bangladesh’s Haor wetlands M. Rahman
- Predicting and forecasting disasters: A global scan of traditional and local knowledge P. Paudel et al.
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Short summary
Wind and storms are a major natural hazard and can cause severe economic damage and cost human lives. Hence, it is important to gauge the potential impact of using indices, which potentially enable us to estimate likely impacts of storms or other wind events. Here, we review basic aspects of wind and storm generation and provide an extensive overview of wind impacts and available indices. This is also important to better prepare for future climate change and corresponding changes to winds.
Wind and storms are a major natural hazard and can cause severe economic damage and cost human...
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