Articles | Volume 22, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3285-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3285-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Oct 2022
Research article |
| 12 Oct 2022
| 12 Oct 2022
Sensitivity of simulating Typhoon Haiyan (2013) using WRF: the role of cumulus convection, surface flux parameterizations, spectral nudging, and initial and boundary conditions
Rafaela Jane Delfino
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United
Kingdom
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of
the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Gerry Bagtasa
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of
the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Kevin Hodges
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United
Kingdom
Pier Luigi Vidale
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United
Kingdom
Viewed
Total article views: 5,881 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 31 Jan 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,965 | 1,799 | 117 | 5,881 | 204 | 118 | 165 |
- HTML: 3,965
- PDF: 1,799
- XML: 117
- Total: 5,881
- Supplement: 204
- BibTeX: 118
- EndNote: 165
Total article views: 4,601 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Oct 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,372 | 1,141 | 88 | 4,601 | 204 | 104 | 147 |
- HTML: 3,372
- PDF: 1,141
- XML: 88
- Total: 4,601
- Supplement: 204
- BibTeX: 104
- EndNote: 147
Total article views: 1,280 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 31 Jan 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 593 | 658 | 29 | 1,280 | 14 | 18 |
- HTML: 593
- PDF: 658
- XML: 29
- Total: 1,280
- BibTeX: 14
- EndNote: 18
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,881 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,572 with geography defined
and 309 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,601 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,327 with geography defined
and 274 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,280 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,245 with geography defined
and 35 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the potential sensitivity of Typhoon Nesat to climate change under SSP5-8.5 scenario Y. Chai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07770-0
- Mesoscale-informed turbulence reconstruction for offshore wind turbines under typhoon conditions J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022030
- Evaluation of WRF model configurations for dynamic downscaling of tropical cyclones activity over the North Atlantic basin for Lagrangian moisture tracking analysis in future climate A. Pérez-Alarcón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107498
- Influence of convective parameterization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the South West Indian Ocean: A case study of tropical cyclone Idai (2019) A. Nyongesa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107461
- Response of damaging Philippines tropical cyclones to a warming climate using the pseudo global warming approach R. Delfino et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06742-6
- Toward refined tropical cyclone modeling via balancing multi-scale constraints in nudging-based downscaling C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303437
- Response of tropical cyclones to global warming: Super Typhoon Usagi in the Western Pacific Ocean Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108495
- Performance Evaluation of TGFS Typhoon Track Forecasts over the Western North Pacific with Sensitivity Tests on Cumulus Parameterization Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091075
- Future projections of hurricane intensity in the southeastern U.S.: sensitivity to different Pseudo-Global Warming methods P. Olschewski & H. Kunstmann https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1353396
- Sensitivity of WRF tropical cyclone simulations in the Philippines to different SST data J. Pamintuan & G. Bagtasa https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101578
- Application of the WRF Model for Operational Wind Power Forecasting in Northeast Brazil T. Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215731
- Key ingredients in regional climate modelling for improving the representation of typhoon tracks and intensities Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-761-2024
- Modeling of poleward-moving tropical cyclones in the northern East China Sea: Intercomparison of WRF physical schemes Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108186
- Multiscale simulation of the urban wind environment under typhoon weather conditions Z. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-023-0991-7
- Impact of Aerosols on NPP in Basins: Case Study of WRF−Solar in the Jinghe River Basin Y. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071908
- Sensitivity of Philippine historically damaging tropical cyclone events to surface and atmospheric temperature forcings R. Delfino et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103595
- Influence of Philippine topography on the pre-landfall intensification of typhoon Rai (2021) G. Bagtasa https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-025-05843-y
- The Effect of the Cordillera Mountain Range on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Northern Philippines B. Racoma et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040643
- Assessing future changes in tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin through dynamical downscaling A. Pérez-Alarcón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113609
- Extreme river flood induced by the 2019 Typhoon Hagibis at Shinano River basin under climate change conditions R. Takayama et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103235
- Stage-Aware Reconstruction of Typhoon Inflow for Offshore Wind Turbines Using WRF and TurbSim J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14050438
- How Well Does Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Simulate Storm Rashmi (2008) Itself and Its Associated Extreme Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau at the Same Time? P. An et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101479
- The Sensitivity of Extreme Rainfall Simulations to WRF Parameters During Two Intense Southwest Monsoon Events in the Philippines K. Henson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-024-00380-6
- The Combination Application of FY-4 Satellite Products on Typhoon Saola Forecast on the Sea C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214105
- Evaluating deep learning-integrated physics-based models for tropical cyclone track and intensity predictions Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303579
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the potential sensitivity of Typhoon Nesat to climate change under SSP5-8.5 scenario Y. Chai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07770-0
- Mesoscale-informed turbulence reconstruction for offshore wind turbines under typhoon conditions J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022030
- Evaluation of WRF model configurations for dynamic downscaling of tropical cyclones activity over the North Atlantic basin for Lagrangian moisture tracking analysis in future climate A. Pérez-Alarcón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107498
- Influence of convective parameterization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the South West Indian Ocean: A case study of tropical cyclone Idai (2019) A. Nyongesa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107461
- Response of damaging Philippines tropical cyclones to a warming climate using the pseudo global warming approach R. Delfino et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06742-6
- Toward refined tropical cyclone modeling via balancing multi-scale constraints in nudging-based downscaling C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303437
- Response of tropical cyclones to global warming: Super Typhoon Usagi in the Western Pacific Ocean Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108495
- Performance Evaluation of TGFS Typhoon Track Forecasts over the Western North Pacific with Sensitivity Tests on Cumulus Parameterization Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091075
- Future projections of hurricane intensity in the southeastern U.S.: sensitivity to different Pseudo-Global Warming methods P. Olschewski & H. Kunstmann https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1353396
- Sensitivity of WRF tropical cyclone simulations in the Philippines to different SST data J. Pamintuan & G. Bagtasa https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101578
- Application of the WRF Model for Operational Wind Power Forecasting in Northeast Brazil T. Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215731
- Key ingredients in regional climate modelling for improving the representation of typhoon tracks and intensities Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-761-2024
- Modeling of poleward-moving tropical cyclones in the northern East China Sea: Intercomparison of WRF physical schemes Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108186
- Multiscale simulation of the urban wind environment under typhoon weather conditions Z. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-023-0991-7
- Impact of Aerosols on NPP in Basins: Case Study of WRF−Solar in the Jinghe River Basin Y. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071908
- Sensitivity of Philippine historically damaging tropical cyclone events to surface and atmospheric temperature forcings R. Delfino et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103595
- Influence of Philippine topography on the pre-landfall intensification of typhoon Rai (2021) G. Bagtasa https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-025-05843-y
- The Effect of the Cordillera Mountain Range on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Northern Philippines B. Racoma et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040643
- Assessing future changes in tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin through dynamical downscaling A. Pérez-Alarcón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113609
- Extreme river flood induced by the 2019 Typhoon Hagibis at Shinano River basin under climate change conditions R. Takayama et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103235
- Stage-Aware Reconstruction of Typhoon Inflow for Offshore Wind Turbines Using WRF and TurbSim J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14050438
- How Well Does Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Simulate Storm Rashmi (2008) Itself and Its Associated Extreme Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau at the Same Time? P. An et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101479
- The Sensitivity of Extreme Rainfall Simulations to WRF Parameters During Two Intense Southwest Monsoon Events in the Philippines K. Henson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-024-00380-6
- The Combination Application of FY-4 Satellite Products on Typhoon Saola Forecast on the Sea C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214105
- Evaluating deep learning-integrated physics-based models for tropical cyclone track and intensity predictions Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303579
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 07 Jun 2026
Short summary
We showed the effects of altering the choice of cumulus schemes, surface flux options, and spectral nudging with a high level of sensitivity to cumulus schemes in simulating an intense typhoon. We highlight the advantage of using an ensemble of cumulus parameterizations to take into account the uncertainty in simulating typhoons such as Haiyan in 2013. This study is useful in addressing the growing need to plan and prepare for as well as reduce the impacts of intense typhoons in the Philippines.
We showed the effects of altering the choice of cumulus schemes, surface flux options, and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint