Articles | Volume 22, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1201-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1201-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Education, financial aid, and awareness can reduce smallholder farmers' vulnerability to drought under climate change
Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Anne F. van Loon
Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Ted I. E. Veldkamp
Urban Technology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Cited
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Adaptive change of land use to nature and society in China’s agro-pastoral ecotone X. Geng et al.
- Improving disaster preparedness and recovery of Bangladesh riverbank erosion areas: Insights from household perceptions and practices R. Samad et al.
- A coupled agent-based model to analyse human-drought feedbacks for agropastoralists in dryland regions I. Streefkerk et al.
- Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution A. Jézéquel et al.
- Locally led adaptation metrics for Africa: a framework for building resilience in smallholder farming sectors N. Okeke-Ogbuafor et al.
- Ex-ante and ex-post adaptation: Farmers’ fertilizer strategies for extreme weather events in China Y. Ji et al.
- Place for sociohydrology in sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture: Review and ways forward S. Adla et al.
- Adaptive behavior of farmers under consecutive droughts results in more vulnerable farmers: a large-scale agent-based modeling analysis in the Bhima basin, India M. Kalthof et al.
- Distributional energy justice and the inclusive human development Agenda in Africa I. Ofori
- Climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in Jaintia Hills Region of Meghalaya, Northeast India K. Upadhyay et al.
- Integrating vulnerability processes into a sociohydrological model G. Garcia-Santos et al.
- Pressures and Challenges in Use and Management of Water in Rural Schools Affected by Drought in Valparaíso, Chile N. Hormazabal et al.
- Adaptation Measures to Drought Risk Perceived by Smallholder Crop Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications for Food and Nutrition Security L. Mdoda et al.
- The effects of upstream water abstraction for commercial export farming on drought risk and impact of agropastoral communities in the drylands of Kenya I. Streefkerk et al.
- Vulnerability assessment of smallholder farmers to climate change in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia E. Zeleke et al.
- Climate Change and Abiotic Stress in Fruit Trees: Mechanisms and Adaptive Responses S. Cosmulescu
- “You never farm alone”: Farmer land-use decisions influenced by social relations M. Githinji et al.
- Geospatial assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability using integrated three-dimensional model in the upper Dwarakeshwar river basin in West Bengal, India U. Senapati & T. Das
- Cultivating resilience: localized insights into climate impacts and gendered adaptation strategies in smallholder farming in Ghana F. Adusei et al.
- Early warning systems in climate risk management: Roles and implementations in eradicating barriers and overcoming challenges M. Islam et al.
- The Application of Artificial Intelligence Models for Food Security: A Review R. Sarku et al.
- Unveiling the Nexus Between Farmer Households’ Subjective Flood Risk Cognition and Disaster Preparedness in Southwest China W. Liu et al.
- Threat appraisal and individual adaptation as drivers for collaborative drought management in the Netherlands L. De Graaff et al.
- Evaluating the utility of socio-economic indicators to assess the resilience of smallholder agriculture to drought in Africa N. Panigrahi et al.
- Drivers of farmers’ adaptive behavior to climate change: The 3F-SEC framework A. Cano & B. Castro Campos
- Aridification impacts and adaptation strategies in the world’s drylands: a review E. Morán-Tejeda et al.
- Home garden mixed cropping practice by communities living on peatland in household’s income resilience and climate adaptation B. Premono et al.
- Drought impacts and community adaptation: Perspectives on the 2020–2023 drought in East Africa R. Odongo et al.
- Adoption Dynamics and Economic Benefits of Drought‐Resistant Crops Among Smallholder Farmers in Degraded Ecosystems X. Huang & C. Chen
- A systematic mapping review of hydrological hazard management in agent-based systems F. Schück et al.
- Preferences for drought risk adaptation support in Kenya: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment and three decision-making theories T. Schrieks et al.
- Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society H. Kreibich et al.
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Adaptive change of land use to nature and society in China’s agro-pastoral ecotone X. Geng et al.
- Improving disaster preparedness and recovery of Bangladesh riverbank erosion areas: Insights from household perceptions and practices R. Samad et al.
- A coupled agent-based model to analyse human-drought feedbacks for agropastoralists in dryland regions I. Streefkerk et al.
- Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution A. Jézéquel et al.
- Locally led adaptation metrics for Africa: a framework for building resilience in smallholder farming sectors N. Okeke-Ogbuafor et al.
- Ex-ante and ex-post adaptation: Farmers’ fertilizer strategies for extreme weather events in China Y. Ji et al.
- Place for sociohydrology in sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture: Review and ways forward S. Adla et al.
- Adaptive behavior of farmers under consecutive droughts results in more vulnerable farmers: a large-scale agent-based modeling analysis in the Bhima basin, India M. Kalthof et al.
- Distributional energy justice and the inclusive human development Agenda in Africa I. Ofori
- Climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in Jaintia Hills Region of Meghalaya, Northeast India K. Upadhyay et al.
- Integrating vulnerability processes into a sociohydrological model G. Garcia-Santos et al.
- Pressures and Challenges in Use and Management of Water in Rural Schools Affected by Drought in Valparaíso, Chile N. Hormazabal et al.
- Adaptation Measures to Drought Risk Perceived by Smallholder Crop Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications for Food and Nutrition Security L. Mdoda et al.
- The effects of upstream water abstraction for commercial export farming on drought risk and impact of agropastoral communities in the drylands of Kenya I. Streefkerk et al.
- Vulnerability assessment of smallholder farmers to climate change in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia E. Zeleke et al.
- Climate Change and Abiotic Stress in Fruit Trees: Mechanisms and Adaptive Responses S. Cosmulescu
- “You never farm alone”: Farmer land-use decisions influenced by social relations M. Githinji et al.
- Geospatial assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability using integrated three-dimensional model in the upper Dwarakeshwar river basin in West Bengal, India U. Senapati & T. Das
- Cultivating resilience: localized insights into climate impacts and gendered adaptation strategies in smallholder farming in Ghana F. Adusei et al.
- Early warning systems in climate risk management: Roles and implementations in eradicating barriers and overcoming challenges M. Islam et al.
- The Application of Artificial Intelligence Models for Food Security: A Review R. Sarku et al.
- Unveiling the Nexus Between Farmer Households’ Subjective Flood Risk Cognition and Disaster Preparedness in Southwest China W. Liu et al.
- Threat appraisal and individual adaptation as drivers for collaborative drought management in the Netherlands L. De Graaff et al.
- Evaluating the utility of socio-economic indicators to assess the resilience of smallholder agriculture to drought in Africa N. Panigrahi et al.
- Drivers of farmers’ adaptive behavior to climate change: The 3F-SEC framework A. Cano & B. Castro Campos
- Aridification impacts and adaptation strategies in the world’s drylands: a review E. Morán-Tejeda et al.
- Home garden mixed cropping practice by communities living on peatland in household’s income resilience and climate adaptation B. Premono et al.
- Drought impacts and community adaptation: Perspectives on the 2020–2023 drought in East Africa R. Odongo et al.
- Adoption Dynamics and Economic Benefits of Drought‐Resistant Crops Among Smallholder Farmers in Degraded Ecosystems X. Huang & C. Chen
- A systematic mapping review of hydrological hazard management in agent-based systems F. Schück et al.
- Preferences for drought risk adaptation support in Kenya: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment and three decision-making theories T. Schrieks et al.
- Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society H. Kreibich et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 May 2026
Short summary
In this paper, we present an application of the empirically calibrated drought risk adaptation model ADOPT for the case of smallholder farmers in the Kenyan drylands. ADOPT is used to evaluate the effect of various top-down drought risk reduction interventions (extension services, early warning systems, ex ante cash transfers, and low credit rates) on individual and community drought risk (adaptation levels, food insecurity, poverty, emergency aid) under different climate change scenarios.
In this paper, we present an application of the empirically calibrated drought risk adaptation...
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