Articles | Volume 21, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-587-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-587-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 11 Feb 2021
| 11 Feb 2021
Impact of compound flood event on coastal critical infrastructures considering current and future climate
Mariam Khanam
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Giulia Sofia
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Marika Koukoula
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Rehenuma Lazin
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology,
Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
Xinyi Shen
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Is HEC-RAS 2D accurate enough for storm-event hazard assessment? Lessons learnt from a benchmarking study based on rain-on-grid modelling P. Costabile et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126962
- Sea Level Rise Impact on Compound Coastal River Flood Risk in Klaipėda City (Baltic Coast, Lithuania) E. Čepienė et al. 10.3390/w14030414
- Risk Management and Adaptation for Extremes and Abrupt Changes in Climate and Oceans: Current Knowledge Gaps L. Bouwer et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.785641
- Multiform flood risk in a rapidly changing world: what we do not do, what we should and why it matters A. Kruczkiewicz et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac7ed9
- Guidelines for Studying Diverse Types of Compound Weather and Climate Events E. Bevacqua et al. 10.1029/2021EF002340
- Impact assessment of urban waterlogging on roads trafficability and emergency sites accessibility under extreme rainfall events based on numerical modeling K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105285
- Assessment of the jacking effect of high tide on compound flooding in a coastal city under sea level rise based on water tracer modeling Y. Zhuang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130474
- Stronger typhoons, weaker electricity systems? A review of the impacts of extreme weather events on coastal communities and strategies for electric system resilience E. Meregillano & L. Delina 10.1016/j.tej.2023.107339
- Evaluating the Forecast Skill of a Hydrometeorological Modelling System in Greece G. Varlas et al. 10.3390/atmos12070902
- Generalization of an intelligent real-time flood prediction model based on CBT-BLSTM-RPA and QRGP-WGAN: A perspective considering the effect of drainage pipeline siltation D. Di et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132892
- Integrating Ensemble Weather Predictions in a Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modelling System for Fine-Resolution Flood Forecasting: The Case of Skala Bridge at Evrotas River, Greece G. Varlas et al. 10.3390/atmos15010120
- A Nationwide Flood Forecasting System for Saudi Arabia: Insights from the Jeddah 2022 Event G. Sofia et al. 10.3390/w16141939
- Impact assessment of climate change on compound flooding in a coastal city K. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129166
- High temporal resolution urban flood prediction using attention-based LSTM models L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129499
- Evolution of Frequency and Intensity of Concurrent Heavy Precipitation and Storm Surge at the Global Scale: Implications for Compound Floods Y. Lai et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.660359
- c-HAND: near real-time coastal flood mapping M. Wang et al. 10.3389/frwa.2024.1329109
- Modelling and Mapping Rapid-Onset Coastal Flooding: A Systematic Literature Review A. Re et al. 10.3390/w17040599
- Critical Infrastructures Overview: Past, Present and Future F. De Felice et al. 10.3390/su14042233
- To what extent do flood-inducing storm events change future flood hazards? M. Khanam et al. 10.5194/hess-28-3161-2024
- Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections Y. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106675
- Compound Hydrometeorological Extremes: Drivers, Mechanisms and Methods W. Zhang et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.673495
- Climate change exacerbates compound flooding from recent tropical cyclones L. Grimley et al. 10.1038/s44304-024-00046-3
- Data analysis and integrated modeling of compound flooding impacts on coastal drainage infrastructure under a changing climate Y. Sangsefidi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128823
- A multivariate statistical framework for mixed storm types in compound flood analysis P. Maduwantha et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024
- Projecting Compound Flood Hazard Under Climate Change With Physical Models and Joint Probability Methods A. Gori & N. Lin 10.1029/2022EF003097
- Data-Driven Assessment of the Impact of Hurricanes Ian and Nicole: Natural and Armored Dunes in the Aftermath of Hurricanes on Florida’s Central East Coast K. San Antonio et al. 10.3390/rs16091557
- Eastern Australian estuaries will transition to tidal flood regimes in coming decades B. Hague et al. 10.1017/cft.2024.12
- Multivariate compound events drive historical floods and associated losses along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts J. Ali et al. 10.1038/s44304-025-00076-5
- Integrating relative sea level rise into compound flooding hazard assessment for coastal cities Q. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102276
- Simulation of compound flooding in Japan using a nationwide model W. Huang et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-05962-7
- Assessing the compound flood risk in coastal areas: Framework formulation and demonstration M. Mitu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130278
- Thresholds for estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic–statistical modelling approach C. Lyddon et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024
- Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions J. Green et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Is HEC-RAS 2D accurate enough for storm-event hazard assessment? Lessons learnt from a benchmarking study based on rain-on-grid modelling P. Costabile et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126962
- Sea Level Rise Impact on Compound Coastal River Flood Risk in Klaipėda City (Baltic Coast, Lithuania) E. Čepienė et al. 10.3390/w14030414
- Risk Management and Adaptation for Extremes and Abrupt Changes in Climate and Oceans: Current Knowledge Gaps L. Bouwer et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.785641
- Multiform flood risk in a rapidly changing world: what we do not do, what we should and why it matters A. Kruczkiewicz et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac7ed9
- Guidelines for Studying Diverse Types of Compound Weather and Climate Events E. Bevacqua et al. 10.1029/2021EF002340
- Impact assessment of urban waterlogging on roads trafficability and emergency sites accessibility under extreme rainfall events based on numerical modeling K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105285
- Assessment of the jacking effect of high tide on compound flooding in a coastal city under sea level rise based on water tracer modeling Y. Zhuang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130474
- Stronger typhoons, weaker electricity systems? A review of the impacts of extreme weather events on coastal communities and strategies for electric system resilience E. Meregillano & L. Delina 10.1016/j.tej.2023.107339
- Evaluating the Forecast Skill of a Hydrometeorological Modelling System in Greece G. Varlas et al. 10.3390/atmos12070902
- Generalization of an intelligent real-time flood prediction model based on CBT-BLSTM-RPA and QRGP-WGAN: A perspective considering the effect of drainage pipeline siltation D. Di et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132892
- Integrating Ensemble Weather Predictions in a Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modelling System for Fine-Resolution Flood Forecasting: The Case of Skala Bridge at Evrotas River, Greece G. Varlas et al. 10.3390/atmos15010120
- A Nationwide Flood Forecasting System for Saudi Arabia: Insights from the Jeddah 2022 Event G. Sofia et al. 10.3390/w16141939
- Impact assessment of climate change on compound flooding in a coastal city K. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129166
- High temporal resolution urban flood prediction using attention-based LSTM models L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129499
- Evolution of Frequency and Intensity of Concurrent Heavy Precipitation and Storm Surge at the Global Scale: Implications for Compound Floods Y. Lai et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.660359
- c-HAND: near real-time coastal flood mapping M. Wang et al. 10.3389/frwa.2024.1329109
- Modelling and Mapping Rapid-Onset Coastal Flooding: A Systematic Literature Review A. Re et al. 10.3390/w17040599
- Critical Infrastructures Overview: Past, Present and Future F. De Felice et al. 10.3390/su14042233
- To what extent do flood-inducing storm events change future flood hazards? M. Khanam et al. 10.5194/hess-28-3161-2024
- Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections Y. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106675
- Compound Hydrometeorological Extremes: Drivers, Mechanisms and Methods W. Zhang et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.673495
- Climate change exacerbates compound flooding from recent tropical cyclones L. Grimley et al. 10.1038/s44304-024-00046-3
- Data analysis and integrated modeling of compound flooding impacts on coastal drainage infrastructure under a changing climate Y. Sangsefidi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128823
- A multivariate statistical framework for mixed storm types in compound flood analysis P. Maduwantha et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024
- Projecting Compound Flood Hazard Under Climate Change With Physical Models and Joint Probability Methods A. Gori & N. Lin 10.1029/2022EF003097
- Data-Driven Assessment of the Impact of Hurricanes Ian and Nicole: Natural and Armored Dunes in the Aftermath of Hurricanes on Florida’s Central East Coast K. San Antonio et al. 10.3390/rs16091557
- Eastern Australian estuaries will transition to tidal flood regimes in coming decades B. Hague et al. 10.1017/cft.2024.12
- Multivariate compound events drive historical floods and associated losses along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts J. Ali et al. 10.1038/s44304-025-00076-5
- Integrating relative sea level rise into compound flooding hazard assessment for coastal cities Q. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102276
- Simulation of compound flooding in Japan using a nationwide model W. Huang et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-05962-7
- Assessing the compound flood risk in coastal areas: Framework formulation and demonstration M. Mitu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130278
- Thresholds for estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic–statistical modelling approach C. Lyddon et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024
- Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions J. Green et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
Latest update: 29 May 2025
Short summary
Compound extremes correspond to events with multiple concurrent or consecutive drivers, leading to substantial impacts such as infrastructure failure. In many risk assessment and design applications, however, multihazard scenario events are ignored. In this paper, we present a general framework to investigate current and future climate compound-event flood impact on coastal critical infrastructures such as power grid substations.
Compound extremes correspond to events with multiple concurrent or consecutive drivers, leading...
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