Articles | Volume 21, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-559-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-559-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 05 Feb 2021
| 05 Feb 2021
Simulating historical flood events at the continental scale: observational validation of a large-scale hydrodynamic model
Oliver E. J. Wing
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Fathom, Bristol, United Kingdom
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol,
United Kingdom
Andrew M. Smith
Fathom, Bristol, United Kingdom
Michael L. Marston
First Street Foundation, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
Jeremy R. Porter
First Street Foundation, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
Mike F. Amodeo
First Street Foundation, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
Christopher C. Sampson
Fathom, Bristol, United Kingdom
Paul D. Bates
Fathom, Bristol, United Kingdom
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol,
United Kingdom
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Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Federally Overlooked Flood Risk Inequities in Houston, Texas: Novel Insights Based on Dasymetric Mapping and State-of-the-Art Flood Modeling A. Flores et al. 10.1080/24694452.2022.2085656
- Comparative assessment of residential property values at risk to flooding: The case of Utah, USA A. Clark et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105247
- The Role of Global Data Sets for Riverine Flood Risk Management at National Scales M. Bernhofen et al. 10.1029/2021WR031555
- Unpriced climate risk and the potential consequences of overvaluation in US housing markets J. Gourevitch et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01594-8
- Theoretical Boundaries of Annual Flood Risk for Single-Family Homes Within the 100-Year Floodplain A. Al Assi et al. 10.1007/s41742-024-00577-7
- Evaluating the impact of gridded population datasets variability on flood exposure estimates across South Asia J. Zhang et al. 10.1080/19475705.2025.2481996
- Locally Relevant High‐Resolution Hydrodynamic Modeling of River Floods at the Regional Scale A. Buttinger‐Kreuzhuber et al. 10.1029/2021WR030820
- Current and future rainfall-driven flood risk from hurricanes in Puerto Rico under 1.5 and 2 °C climate change L. Archer et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-375-2024
- Flood hazard potential reveals global floodplain settlement patterns L. Devitt et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38297-9
- Regional event-based flood quantile estimation method for large climate projection ensembles J. Chen et al. 10.1186/s40645-024-00618-x
- An urban drainage scheme for large-scale flood models A. Getirana et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130410
- Verification of the Usability of Global River Inundation Model Output for Hazard Maps in Japan Y. KITA & D. YAMAZAKI 10.3178/jjshwr.35.1743
- Comparison of estimated flood exposure and consequences generated by different event-based inland flood inundation maps J. Gutenson et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-261-2023
- A globally applicable framework for compound flood hazard modeling D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-823-2023
- Long-term effects of redlining on climate risk exposure A. Salazar-Miranda et al. 10.1038/s44284-024-00076-y
- Population exposure to flooding in Small Island Developing States under climate change L. Archer et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad78eb
- Potential Benefits in Remapping the Special Flood Hazard Area: Evidence from the U.S. Housing Market A. Pollack et al. 10.1016/j.jhe.2023.101956
- Federally-overlooked flood risk inequities in the conterminous United States A. Flores et al. 10.1038/s41598-025-95120-9
- Merging modelled and reported flood impacts in Europe in a combined flood event catalogue for 1950–2020 D. Paprotny et al. 10.5194/hess-28-3983-2024
- ESPON-TITAN: territorial patterns of natural hazards in Europe J. Klein et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-06336-9
- Assessing LISFLOOD-FP with the next-generation digital elevation model FABDEM using household survey and remote sensing data in the Central Highlands of Vietnam L. Hawker et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-539-2024
- InundatEd-v1.0: a height above nearest drainage (HAND)-based flood risk modeling system using a discrete global grid system C. Chaudhuri et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-3295-2021
- Satellite Video Remote Sensing for Flood Model Validation C. Masafu & R. Williams 10.1029/2023WR034545
- Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment S. Unnithan et al. 10.3390/geosciences13030067
- Urbanizing the floodplain: global changes of imperviousness in flood-prone areas K. Andreadis et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9197
- Brief communication: Impact forecasting could substantially improve the emergency management of deadly floods: case study July 2021 floods in Germany H. Apel et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3005-2022
- Barriers to quantifying human alterations of global floodplains and how we can overcome them A. Rajib et al. 10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100433
- Improving household and community disaster recovery: Evidence on the role of insurance X. You & C. Kousky 10.1111/jori.12466
- Inequitable patterns of US flood risk in the Anthropocene O. Wing et al. 10.1038/s41558-021-01265-6
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Federally Overlooked Flood Risk Inequities in Houston, Texas: Novel Insights Based on Dasymetric Mapping and State-of-the-Art Flood Modeling A. Flores et al. 10.1080/24694452.2022.2085656
- Comparative assessment of residential property values at risk to flooding: The case of Utah, USA A. Clark et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105247
- The Role of Global Data Sets for Riverine Flood Risk Management at National Scales M. Bernhofen et al. 10.1029/2021WR031555
- Unpriced climate risk and the potential consequences of overvaluation in US housing markets J. Gourevitch et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01594-8
- Theoretical Boundaries of Annual Flood Risk for Single-Family Homes Within the 100-Year Floodplain A. Al Assi et al. 10.1007/s41742-024-00577-7
- Evaluating the impact of gridded population datasets variability on flood exposure estimates across South Asia J. Zhang et al. 10.1080/19475705.2025.2481996
- Locally Relevant High‐Resolution Hydrodynamic Modeling of River Floods at the Regional Scale A. Buttinger‐Kreuzhuber et al. 10.1029/2021WR030820
- Current and future rainfall-driven flood risk from hurricanes in Puerto Rico under 1.5 and 2 °C climate change L. Archer et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-375-2024
- Flood hazard potential reveals global floodplain settlement patterns L. Devitt et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38297-9
- Regional event-based flood quantile estimation method for large climate projection ensembles J. Chen et al. 10.1186/s40645-024-00618-x
- An urban drainage scheme for large-scale flood models A. Getirana et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130410
- Verification of the Usability of Global River Inundation Model Output for Hazard Maps in Japan Y. KITA & D. YAMAZAKI 10.3178/jjshwr.35.1743
- Comparison of estimated flood exposure and consequences generated by different event-based inland flood inundation maps J. Gutenson et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-261-2023
- A globally applicable framework for compound flood hazard modeling D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-823-2023
- Long-term effects of redlining on climate risk exposure A. Salazar-Miranda et al. 10.1038/s44284-024-00076-y
- Population exposure to flooding in Small Island Developing States under climate change L. Archer et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad78eb
- Potential Benefits in Remapping the Special Flood Hazard Area: Evidence from the U.S. Housing Market A. Pollack et al. 10.1016/j.jhe.2023.101956
- Federally-overlooked flood risk inequities in the conterminous United States A. Flores et al. 10.1038/s41598-025-95120-9
- Merging modelled and reported flood impacts in Europe in a combined flood event catalogue for 1950–2020 D. Paprotny et al. 10.5194/hess-28-3983-2024
- ESPON-TITAN: territorial patterns of natural hazards in Europe J. Klein et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-06336-9
- Assessing LISFLOOD-FP with the next-generation digital elevation model FABDEM using household survey and remote sensing data in the Central Highlands of Vietnam L. Hawker et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-539-2024
- InundatEd-v1.0: a height above nearest drainage (HAND)-based flood risk modeling system using a discrete global grid system C. Chaudhuri et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-3295-2021
- Satellite Video Remote Sensing for Flood Model Validation C. Masafu & R. Williams 10.1029/2023WR034545
- Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment S. Unnithan et al. 10.3390/geosciences13030067
- Urbanizing the floodplain: global changes of imperviousness in flood-prone areas K. Andreadis et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9197
- Brief communication: Impact forecasting could substantially improve the emergency management of deadly floods: case study July 2021 floods in Germany H. Apel et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3005-2022
- Barriers to quantifying human alterations of global floodplains and how we can overcome them A. Rajib et al. 10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100433
- Improving household and community disaster recovery: Evidence on the role of insurance X. You & C. Kousky 10.1111/jori.12466
- Inequitable patterns of US flood risk in the Anthropocene O. Wing et al. 10.1038/s41558-021-01265-6
Latest update: 30 Jun 2025
Short summary
Global flood models are difficult to validate. They generally output theoretical flood events of a given probability rather than an observed event that they can be tested against. Here, we adapt a US-wide flood model to enable the rapid simulation of historical flood events in order to more robustly understand model biases. For 35 flood events, we highlight the challenges of model validation amidst observational data errors yet evidence the increasing skill of large-scale models.
Global flood models are difficult to validate. They generally output theoretical flood events of...
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