Articles | Volume 21, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-517-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-517-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 04 Feb 2021
| 04 Feb 2021
A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China
Zongxing Zou
Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards, China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Huiming Tang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards, China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Robert E. Criss
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States
Xinli Hu
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan,
430074, China
Chengren Xiong
Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards, China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Qiong Wu
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan,
430074, China
Yi Yuan
Department of Land and Resources of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074,
China
Related authors
No articles found.
Yunfeng Ge, Bin Hu, Huiming Tang, Xiaodong Fu, and Lei Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4506, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4506, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on pre-slip recovery and discrete unit simulations, the landslide energy evolution generally follows the conservation law with an increase in dissipated energy. Individual blocks lose energy through collisions, transferring energy forward and enhancing forward mobility. Collisions cause fragmentation, leading to volume expansion and larger sediment surface areas. Simulations are aligned with field observations.
Fumeng Zhao, Wenping Gong, Tianhe Ren, Jun Chen, Huiming Tang, and Tianzheng Li
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-9, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new permafrost stability mapping is obtained by integrating time-series InSAR and machine learning method, this method provides another alternative for measuring permafrost degradation when the ground temperature is limited to the site-specific measurements. Also, the influences of topography and vegetation coverage on the ground deformations are studied to illustrate that the permafrost stability is high related to the environmental factors.
Cited articles
Baum, R. L. and Fleming, R. W.: Use of longitudinal strain in identifying
driving and resisting elements of landslides, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 103,
1121–1132, 1991
Casagli, N., Rinaldi, M., Gargini, A., and Curini, A.: Monitoring of pore
water pressure and stability of streambanks: results from an experimental
site on the Sieve River, Italy, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 24,
1095–1114, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199911)24:12<1095::AID-ESP37>3.0.CO;2-F, 1999.
Chang, S. B., Zhang, S. M., and Xiang B.: Engineering geology manual, China
Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, 2007 (in Chinese).
Cojean, R. and Cai, Y. J.: Analysis and modeling of slope stability in the
Three-Gorges Dam reservoir (China) – The case of Huangtupo landslide, J. Mt. Sc., 8, 166–175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-2100-0, 2011.
Du, J., Yin, K., and Lacasse, S.: Displacement prediction in colluvial
landslides, three Gorges reservoir, China, Landslides, 10, 203–218,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0326-8, 2013.
Dumperth, C., Rohn, J., Fleer, A., and Xiang, W.: Local-scale assessment of
the displacement pattern of a densely populated landslide, utilizing finite
element software and terrestrial radar interferometry: a case study on
Huangtupo landslide (PR China), Environ. Earth Sci., 75, 880,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5475-y, 2016.
Froude, M. J. and Petley, D. N.: Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2161–2181, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2161-2018, 2018.
Guerriero, L., Coe, J. A., Revellino, P., Grelle, G., Pinto, F., and Guadagno, F. M.: Influence of slip-surface geometry on earth-flow deformation, Montaguto earth flow, southern Italy, Geomorphology, 219, 285–305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.039, 2014.
Handwerger, A. L., Roering, J., Schmidt, D. A., and Rempel, A. W.: Kinematics
of earthflows in the Northern California Coast Ranges using satellite
interferometry, Geomorphology, 246, 321–333,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.003, 2015.
Hu, X. L., Zhang, M., Sun, M. J., Huang, K. X., and Song, Y. J.: Deformation
characteristics and failure mode of the Zhujiadian landslide in the Three
Gorges Reservoir, China, B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 74, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-013-0552-x, 2015.
Hu, X. W., Tang, H. M., and Liu, Y. R.: Physical model studies on stability of
Zhaoshuling landslide in area of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ch. J.
Rock Mechanics Eng., 24, 2089–2095, 2005 (in Chinese).
Huang, B., Yin, Y., Wang, S., Tan, J., and Liu, G.: Analysis of the Tangjiaxi landslide-generated waves in the Zhexi Reservoir, China, by a granular flow coupling model, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 657–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-657-2017, 2017.
Huang, D. and Gu, D. M.: Influence of filling-drawdown cycles of the Three
Gorges reservoir on deformation and failure behaviors of anaclinal rock
slopes in the Wu Gorge, Geomorphology, 295, 489–506,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.07.028, 2017.
Huang, F. M., Huang, J. S., Jiang, S. H., and Zhou, C. B.: Landslide displacement prediction based on multivariate chaotic model and extreme learning machine, Eng. Geol., 218, 173–186,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.016, 2017.
Hubei Province Geological Environment Terminus: Survey report of Shuping
landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area, Zigui, Hubei Province, China, 2013
(in Chinese).
Hutchinson, J. N.: An influence line approach to the stabilization of slopes
by cuts and fills, Can. Geotech. J., 21, 363–370,
https://doi.org/10.1139/t84-036, 1984.
Iverson, R. M.: Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 2. Linearized theory
and the kinematics of transient response, J. Geol., 94, 349–364,
https://doi.org/10.1086/629034, 1986.
Jia, G. W., Zhan, T. L., Chen, Y. M., and Fredlund, D. G.: Performance of a
large-scale slope model subjected to rising and lowering water levels,
Eng. Geol., 106, 92–103,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.03.003, 2009.
Junfeng Z., Xiangyue M., and Erqian Z.: Testing study on landslide of layered
slope induced by fluctuation of water level, Ch. J. Rock
Mechanics Eng., 23, 2676–2680, 2004 (in Chinese).
Lambe, T. W. and Whitman, R. V.: Soil mechanics SI version, John Wiley &
Sons, Hoboken, 2008.
Lane, P. A. and Griffiths, D. V.: Assessment of stability of slopes under
drawdown conditions, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 126, 443–450,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:5(443), 2000.
Li, D., Yin, K. and Leo, C.: Analysis of Baishuihe landslide influenced by
the effects of reservoir water and rainfall, Environ. Earth Sci.,
60, 677–687, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0206-2, 2010.
Liao, H. J., Sheng, Q., Gao, S. H., and Xu, Z. P.: Influence of drawdown of
reservoir water level on landslide stability, Ch. J. Rock
Mechanics Eng., 24, 3454–3458, 2005 (in Chinese).
Liu, C. N.: Progressive failure mechanism in one-dimensional stability
analysis of shallow slope failures, Landslides, 6, 129–137,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0153-8, 2009.
Lu, S. Q., Yi, Q. L., Yi, W., Huang, H. F., and Zhang, G. D.: Analysis of
deformation and failure mechanism of Shuping landslide in Three Gorges
reservoir area, Rock Soil Mechanics, 35, 1123–1130, 2014 (in Chinese).
Lu, T.: Study of Formation Mechanism and Later Trend Prediction of
Fanjiaping Landslide and Baishuihe Landslide, PhD thesis, China Three
Gorges University, Yichang, 2012 (in Chinese).
Ma, J. W., Tang, H. M., Hu, X. L., Bobet A., Zhang, M., Zhu, T. W., Song, Y.
J., and Eldin M. A. E.: Identification of causal factors for the Majiagou
landslide using modern data mining methods, Landslides, 14, 311–322,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0693-7, 2017.
McKean, J. and Roering, J.: Objective landslide detection and surface
morphology mapping using high-resolution airborne laser altimetry,
Geomorphology, 57, 331–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00164-8,
2004.
Miao, F. S., Wu, Y. P., Li, L. W., Tang, H. M., and Li, Y. N.: Centrifuge model test on the retrogressive landslide subjected to reservoir water level
fluctuation, Eng. Geol., 245, 169–179,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.08.016, 2018.
Paronuzzi, P. and Bolla, A.: The prehistoric Vajont rockslide: an updated
geological model, Geomorphology, 169, 165–191,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.04.021, 2012.
Prokešová, R., Kardoš, M., Tábork, P., Medvedová, A.,
Stacke, V., and Chudy, F.: Kinematic behaviour of a large earthflow defined
by surface displacement monitoring, dem differencing, and ERT imaging,
Geomorphology, 224, 86–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.029,
2014.
Qin, H. B.: The Mechanism of Landslide Influenced by Rainfall and Reservoir
Water Level Fluctuation and Renewed Criterion Research in Three-Gorges
Reservoir, PhD thesis, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 2011 (in Chinese).
Ren, F., Wu, X. L., Zhang, K. X., and Niu, R. Q.: Application of wavelet
analysis and a particle swarm-optimized support vector machine to predict
the displacement of the Shuping landslide in the Three Gorges, China,
Environ. Earth Sci., 73, 4791–4804,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3764-x, 2015.
Rinaldi, M. and Casagli, N.: Stability of streambanks formed in partially
saturated soils and effects of negative pore water pressures: the Sieve
River (Italy), Geomorphology, 26, 253–277,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3764-x, 1999.
Rinaldi, M., Casagli, N., Dapporto, S., and Gargini, A.: Monitoring and
modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow
events, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 29, 237–254,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1042, 2004.
Skempton, A. W.: Residual strength of clay in landslide, folded strata and the laboratory test, Geotechnique, 35, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1985.35.1.3, 1985.
Song, W. P.: The unsaturated seepage and stability analysis on slopes at
river banks with the case of Xicheng landslides in Yunyang, PhD thesis,
Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 2011 (in Chinese).
Song, K., Wang, F. W., Yi, Q. L., and Lu, S. Q.: Landslide deformation behavior influenced by water level fluctuations of the Three Gorges Reservoir
(China), Eng. Geol., 247, 58–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.020, 2018.
Song, K., Yan, E. C., Zhang, G. D., Lu, S. Q., and Yi, Q. L.: Effect of hydraulic properties of soil and fluctuation velocity of reservoir water on landslide stability, Environ. Earth Sci., 74, 5319–5329,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4541-1, 2015.
Sultan, H. A. and Seed, H. B.: Stability of sloping core earth dams, Journal
of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 93, 45–68, 1967.
Tan, F. L., Hu, X. L., Zhang, Y. M., He, C. C., and Zhang, H.: Study of
progressive failure processes and stabilities of different types of
landslides, Rock Soil Mechanics, 37, 597–606, 2016 (in Chinese).
Tang, H. M., Li, C. D., Hu, X. L., Su, A. J., Wang, L. Q., Wu, Y. P., Criss, R. E., Xiong, C. R., and Li, Y. A.: Evolution characteristics of the Huangtupo landslide based on in situ tunneling and monitoring, Landslides, 12, 511–521, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0500-2, 2015
Tang, H. M., Wasowski, J., and Juang, C. H.: Geohazards in the three Gorges
Reservoir Area, China – Lessons learned from decades of research,
Eng. Geol., 261, 105267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105267,
2019.
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G.: Soil mechanics in engineering
practice, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 1996.
Wang, F.: Deformation prediction of Jiuxianping landslide in Yunyang Country
based on numerical simulation, PhD thesis, Chengdu University of
Technology, Chengdu, 2013 (in Chinese).
Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Wang, G., Peng, X., Huo, Z., Jin, W., and Zhu, C.:
Deformation features of Shuping landslide caused by water level changes in
Three Gorges Reservoir area, China, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and
Engineering, 26, 509–517, 2007 (in Chinese).
Wang, J. E., Xiang, W., and Lu, N.: Landsliding triggered by reservoir
operation: a general conceptual model with a case study at Three Gorges
Reservoir, Acta Geotech., 9, 771–788,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0315-2, 2014.
Wang, H. L. and Xu, W. Y.: Stability of Liangshuijing landslide under
variation water levels of Three Gorges Reservoir, Eur. J.
Environ. Civ. En., 17, s158–s177,
https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.834592, 2013.
Wen, T., Tang, H., Wang, Y., Lin, C., and Xiong, C.: Landslide displacement prediction using the GA-LSSVM model and time series analysis: a case study of Three Gorges Reservoir, China, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2181–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2181-2017, 2017.
Wu, Q., Tang, H. M., Ma, X. H., Wu, Y. P., Hu, X. L., Wang, L. Q., Criss, R. E.,
Yuan, Y., and Xu, Y. J.: Identification of movement characteristics and
causal factors of the Shuping landslide based on monitored displacements,
B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78, 2093–2106,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1237-2, 2019.
Xiao, S. R., Liu, D. F., and Hu, Z. Y.: Study on geomechanical model of
Qianjiangping landslide, Three Gorges Reservoir, Rock Soil Mechanics,
28, 1459–1464, 2007 (in Chinese).
Yin, Y., Huang, B., Wang, W., Wei, Y., Ma, X., Ma, F., and Zhao, C.:
Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in Three Gorges Project on
Yangtze River, China, J. Rock Mechanics Geotech.
Eng., 8, 577–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.08.001, 2016.
Zou, Z., Yan, J., Tang, H., Wang, S., Xiong, C., and Hu, X.: A shear
constitutive model for describing the full process of the deformation and
failure of slip zone soil, Eng. Geol.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105766, 2020.
Short summary
The evolutionary trend of deforming landslides and feasible treatments for huge reservoir landslides needs further study. A geomechanical model is presented to elucidate the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides. The deformation process of Shuping landslide is well interpreted by the geomechanical model. A successful engineering treatment is applied in treating the Shuping landslide, providing references for treating other huge landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
The evolutionary trend of deforming landslides and feasible treatments for huge reservoir...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint