Articles | Volume 21, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Nov 2021
Research article |
| 02 Nov 2021
| 02 Nov 2021
Risk perception of local stakeholders on natural hazards: implications for theory and practice
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 700505, Iași, Romania
Mihai Niculiță
Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 700505, Iași, Romania
Giulia Roder
Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Udine, 33110
Udine, Italy
Paolo Tarolli
Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
Related authors
M. C. Mărgărint, A. Grozavu, and C. V. Patriche
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 3339–3355, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3339-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3339-2013, 2013
Valeria Cigala, Giulia Roder, and Heidi Kreibich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 85–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-85-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-85-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-male scientists constitute a minority in the geoscience professional environment, and they are underrepresented in disaster risk reduction planning. So far the international agenda has failed to effectively promote gender inclusion in disaster policy, preventing non-male scientists from career development and recognition. Here we share the thoughts, experiences, and priorities of women and non-binary scientists as a starting point to expand the discourse and promote intersectional research.
Jonathan Rizzi, Ana M. Tarquis, Anne Gobin, Mikhail Semenov, Wenwu Zhao, and Paolo Tarolli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3873–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, 2021
Pengzhi Zhao, Daniel Joseph Fallu, Sara Cucchiaro, Paolo Tarolli, Clive Waddington, David Cockcroft, Lisa Snape, Andreas Lang, Sebastian Doetterl, Antony G. Brown, and Kristof Van Oost
Biogeosciences, 18, 6301–6312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the factors controlling the soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and temperature sensitivity of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils. Results suggest that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided an SOC stabilization mechanism. Both the soil C : N ratio and SOC mineral protection regulate soil SOC temperature sensitivity. However, which mechanism predominantly controls SOC temperature sensitivity depends on the age of the buried terrace soils.
A. Masiero, P. Dabove, V. Di Pietra, M. Piragnolo, A. Vettore, S. Cucchiaro, A. Guarnieri, P. Tarolli, C. Toth, V. Gikas, H. Perakis, K.-W. Chiang, L. M. Ruotsalainen, S. Goel, and J. Gabela
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2021, 111–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2021-111-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2021-111-2021, 2021
Faith E. Taylor, Paolo Tarolli, and Bruce D. Malamud
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2585–2590, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2585-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2585-2020, 2020
A. Masiero, G. Sofia, and P. Tarolli
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2020, 259–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-259-2020, 2020
Daniele Giordan, Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Francesco Nex, and Paolo Tarolli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3085–3087, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3085-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3085-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the special issue
The use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in monitoring applications and management of natural hazardswe propose a collection of papers that provide a critical description of the state of the art in the use of RPAS for different scenarios. In particular, the sequence of papers can be considered an exhaustive representation of the state of the art of the methodologies and approaches applied to the study and management of natural hazards.
Daniele Giordan, Yuichi Hayakawa, Francesco Nex, Fabio Remondino, and Paolo Tarolli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1079–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Remotely piloted aerial systems can acquire on-demand ultra-high-resolution images that can be used for the identification of active processes like landslides or volcanic activities but also for the definition of effects of earthquakes, wildfires and floods. In this paper, we present a review of published literature that describes experimental methodologies developed for the study and monitoring of natural hazards.
K. Pawłuszek, A. Borkowski, and P. Tarolli
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-1-W1, 83–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-1-W1-83-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-1-W1-83-2017, 2017
Mihai Niculiţǎ
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2021–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2021-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2021-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
During the creation and geomorphometric analysis of a landslide inventory, I stumbled across an issue: while the majority of the landslides are developed along the direction of material flow and have a larger length than width, there are situations where the landslides have a larger width than length. For distinguishing these long and wide landslides, I devised an algorithm that used the geometric processing of the bounding box and the geomorphometric analysis of a digital elevation model.
Livia Piermattei, Luca Carturan, Fabrizio de Blasi, Paolo Tarolli, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Antonio Vettore, and Norbert Pfeifer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 425–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-425-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-425-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the applicability of the SfM–MVS approach for calculating the geodetic mass balance of a glacier and for the detection of the surface displacement rate of an active rock glacier located in the eastern Italian Alps. The results demonstrate that it is possible to reliably quantify the investigated glacial and periglacial processes by means of a quick ground-based photogrammetric survey that was conducted using a consumer grade SRL camera and natural targets as ground control points.
D. Penna, M. Borga, G. T. Aronica, G. Brigandì, and P. Tarolli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2127–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, 2014
M. C. Mărgărint, A. Grozavu, and C. V. Patriche
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 3339–3355, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3339-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3339-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Risk Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies, Socioeconomic and Management Aspects
Identifying vulnerable populations in urban society: a case study in a flood-prone district of Wuhan, China
An assessment of potential improvements in social capital, risk awareness, and preparedness from digital technologies
Spatial accessibility of emergency medical services under inclement weather: a case study in Beijing, China
Review article: Current approaches and critical issues in multi-risk recovery planning of urban areas exposed to natural hazards
Estimating emergency costs for earthquakes and floods in Central Asia based on modelled losses
Compound flood impacts from Hurricane Sandy on New York City in climate-driven storylines
Regional-scale landslide risk assessment in Central Asia
Cost estimation for the monitoring instrumentation of landslide early warning systems
The role of response efficacy and self-efficacy in disaster preparedness actions for vulnerable households
Scientists as storytellers: the explanatory power of stories told about environmental crises
Back analysis of a building collapse under snow and rain loads in a Mediterranean area
Brief communication: On the environmental impacts of 2023 flood in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
Assessment of building damage and risk under extreme flood scenarios in Shanghai
Towards a global impact-based forecasting model for tropical cyclones
Mangrove ecosystem properties regulate high water levels in a river delta
Analysis of flood warning and evacuation efficiency by comparing damage and life-loss estimates with real consequences related to the São Francisco tailings dam failure in Brazil
Anticipating a risky future: LSTM models for spatiotemporal extrapolation of population data in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru
Analysis of the effects of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities on tsunami evacuation using and Agent-Based model. Case study in the city of Iquique, Chile
Criteria-based visualization design for hazard maps
Study on Seismic Risk Assessment Model of Water Supply System in Chinese Mainland
Low-regret climate change adaptation in coastal megacities – evaluating large-scale flood protection and small-scale rainwater detention measures for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Modeling compound flood risk and risk reduction using a globally applicable framework: a pilot in the Sofala province of Mozambique
A regional scale approach to assess non-residential buildings, transportation and croplands exposure in Central Asia
Scenario-based multi-risk assessment from existing single-hazard vulnerability models. An application to consecutive earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru
A new regionally consistent exposure database for Central Asia: population and residential buildings
Using machine learning algorithms to identify predictors of social vulnerability in the event of a hazard: Istanbul case study
Large-scale risk assessment on snow avalanche hazard in alpine regions
Probabilistic and machine learning methods for uncertainty quantification in power outage prediction due to extreme events
Public intention to participate in sustainable geohazard mitigation: an empirical study based on an extended theory of planned behavior
An assessment of short–medium-term interventions using CAESAR-Lisflood in a post-earthquake mountainous area
Review article: Design and evaluation of weather index insurance for multi-hazard resilience and food insecurity
Design and application of a multi-hazard risk rapid assessment questionnaire for hill communities in the Indian Himalayan region
Identifying the drivers of private flood precautionary measures in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Performance of the flood warning system in Germany in July 2021 – insights from affected residents
Differences in volcanic risk perception among Goma's population before the Nyiragongo eruption of May 2021, Virunga volcanic province (DR Congo)
Empirical tsunami fragility modelling for hierarchical damage levels
Quantifying the potential benefits of risk-mitigation strategies on future flood losses in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Review article: Potential of nature-based solutions to mitigate hydro-meteorological risks in sub-Saharan Africa
Invited perspectives: An insurer's perspective on the knowns and unknowns in natural hazard risk modelling
Classifying marine faults for hazard assessment offshore Israel: a new approach based on fault size and vertical displacement
Assessing agriculture's vulnerability to drought in European pre-Alpine regions
Tsunami risk perception in central and southern Italy
Brief communication: Critical infrastructure impacts of the 2021 mid-July western European flood event
Multi-scenario urban flood risk assessment by integrating future land use change models and hydrodynamic models
Building-scale flood loss estimation through vulnerability pattern characterization: application to an urban flood in Milan, Italy
Process-based flood damage modelling relying on expert knowledge: a methodological contribution applied to the agricultural sector
Dynamic risk assessment of compound hazards based on VFS–IEM–IDM: a case study of typhoon–rainstorm hazards in Shenzhen, China
Integrated seismic risk assessment in Nepal
Machine learning models to predict myocardial infarctions from past climatic and environmental conditions
Reliability of flood marks and practical relevance for flood hazard assessment in southwestern Germany
Jia Xu, Makoto Takahashi, and Weifu Li
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 179–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-179-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-179-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through the development of micro-individual social vulnerability indicators and cluster analysis, this study assessed the level of social vulnerability of 599 residents from 11 communities in the Hongshan District of Wuhan. The findings reveal three levels of social vulnerability: high, medium, and low. Quantitative assessments offer specific comparisons between distinct units, and the results indicate that different types of communities have significant differences in social vulnerability.
Tommaso Piseddu, Mathilda Englund, and Karina Barquet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 145–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Contributions to social capital, risk awareness, and preparedness constitute the parameters to test applications in disaster risk management. We propose an evaluation of four of these: mobile positioning data, social media crowdsourcing, drones, and satellite imaging. The analysis grants the opportunity to investigate how different methods to evaluate surveys' results may influence final preferences. We find that the different assumptions on which these methods rely deliver diverging results.
Yuting Zhang, Kai Liu, Xiaoyong Ni, Ming Wang, Jianchun Zheng, Mengting Liu, and Dapeng Yu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-63-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-63-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article is aimed at developing a method to quantify the influence of inclement weather on the accessibility of emergency medical services (EMSs) in Beijing, China, and identifying the vulnerable areas that could not get timely EMSs under inclement weather. We found that inclement weather could reduce the accessibility of EMSs by up to 40%. Furthermore, towns with lower baseline EMSs accessibility are more vulnerable when inclement weather occurs.
Soheil Mohammadi, Silvia De Angeli, Giorgio Boni, Francesca Pirlone, and Serena Cattari
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 79–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper critically reviews disaster recovery literature from a multi-risk perspective. Identified key challenges encompass the lack of approaches integrating physical reconstruction and socio-economic recovery, the neglect of multi-risk interactions, the limited exploration of recovery from a pre-disaster planning perspective, and the low consideration of disaster recovery as a non-linear process in which communities need change over time.
Emilio Berny, Carlos Avelar, Mario A. Salgado-Gálvez, and Mario Ordaz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-53-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-53-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a methodology to estimate the total emergency costs based on modelled damages for earthquakes and floods, together with the demographic and building characteristics of the study area. The methodology has been applied in five countries in central Asia, the first time that these estimates are made available for the study area and are intended to be useful for regional and local stakeholders and decision makers.
Henrique M. D. Goulart, Irene Benito Lazaro, Linda van Garderen, Karin van der Wiel, Dewi Le Bars, Elco Koks, and Bart van den Hurk
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 29–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-29-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-29-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explore how Hurricane Sandy (2012) could flood New York City under different scenarios, including climate change and internal variability. We find that sea level rise can quadruple coastal flood volumes, while changes in Sandy's landfall location can double flood volumes. Our results show the need for diverse scenarios that include climate change and internal variability and for integrating climate information into a modelling framework, offering insights for high-impact event assessments.
Francesco Caleca, Chiara Scaini, William Frodella, and Veronica Tofani
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 13–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Landslide risk analysis is a powerful tool because it allows us to identify where physical and economic losses could occur due to a landslide event. The purpose of our work was to provide the first regional-scale analysis of landslide risk for central Asia, and it represents an advanced step in the field of risk analysis for very large areas. Our findings show, per square kilometer, a total risk of about USD 3.9 billion and a mean risk of USD 0.6 million.
Marta Sapena, Moritz Gamperl, Marlene Kühnl, Carolina Garcia-Londoño, John Singer, and Hannes Taubenböck
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3913–3930, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3913-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3913-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach for the deployment of landslide early warning systems (LEWSs) is proposed. We combine data-driven landslide susceptibility mapping and population maps to identify exposed locations. We estimate the cost of monitoring sensors and demonstrate that LEWSs could be installed with a budget ranging from EUR 5 to EUR 41 per person in Medellín, Colombia. We provide recommendations for stakeholders and outline the challenges and opportunities for successful LEWS implementation.
Dong Qiu, Binglin Lv, Yuepeng Cui, and Zexiong Zhan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3789–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper divides preparedness behavior into minimal and adequate preparedness. In addition to studying the main factors that promote families' disaster preparedness, we also study the moderating effects of response efficacy and self-efficacy on preparedness actions by vulnerable families. Based on the findings of this study, policymakers can target interventions and programs that can be designed to remedy the current lack of disaster preparedness education for vulnerable families.
Jenni Barclay, Richie Robertson, and M. Teresa Armijos
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3603–3615, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3603-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3603-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stories create avenues for sharing the meanings and social implications of scientific knowledge. We explore their value when told between scientists during a volcanic eruption. They are important vehicles for understanding how risk is generated during volcanic eruptions and create new knowledge about these interactions. Stories explore how risk is negotiated when scientific information is ambiguous or uncertain, identify cause and effect, and rationalize the emotional intensity of a crisis.
Isabelle Ousset, Guillaume Evin, Damien Raynaud, and Thierry Faug
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3509–3523, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper deals with an exceptional snow and rain event in a Mediterranean region of France which is usually not prone to heavy snowfall and its consequences on a particular building that collapsed completely. Independent analyses of the meteorological episode are carried out, and the response of the building to different snow and rain loads is confronted to identify the main critical factors that led to the collapse.
Chiara Arrighi and Alessio Domeneghetti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-184, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-184, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This communication reflects on environmental flood impacts by analysing the reported environmental consequences of the 2023 Emilia-Romagna flood. The most frequently reported damages involve water resources and water-related ecosystems. Indirect effects in time and space, intrinsic recovery capacity, cascade impacts on socio-economic systems and lack of established monitoring activities appear as the most challenging aspects for future research.
Jiachang Tu, Jiahong Wen, Liang Emlyn Yang, Andrea Reimuth, Stephen S. Young, Min Zhang, Luyang Wang, and Matthias Garschagen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3247–3260, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3247-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3247-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates the flood risk and the resulting patterns in buildings following low-probability, high-impact flood scenarios by a risk analysis chain in Shanghai. The results provide a benchmark and also a clear future for buildings with respect to flood risks in Shanghai. This study links directly to disaster risk management, e.g., the Shanghai Master Plan. We also discussed different potential adaptation options for flood risk management.
Mersedeh Kooshki Forooshani, Marc van den Homberg, Kyriaki Kalimeri, Andreas Kaltenbrunner, Yelena Mejova, Leonardo Milano, Pauline Ndirangu, Daniela Paolotti, Aklilu Teklesadik, and Monica L. Turner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2205, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we improve an existing impact forecasting model for the Philippines by transforming the target variable (percentage of damaged houses) to a fine grid and using only features which are globally available. We show that our two-stage model conserves the performance of the original, and even has the potential of introducing savings in anticipatory action resources. Such model generalizability is important in increasing the applicability of such tools around the world.
Ignace Pelckmans, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Luis E. Dominguez-Granda, Cornelis Slobbe, Stijn Temmerman, and Olivier Gourgue
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3169–3183, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves are increasingly recognized as a coastal protection against extreme sea levels. Their effectiveness in doing so, however, is still poorly understood, as mangroves are typically located in tropical countries where data on mangrove vegetation and topography properties are often scarce. Through a modelling study, we identified the degree of channelization and the mangrove forest floor topography as the key properties for regulating high water levels in a tropical delta.
André Felipe Rocha Silva and Julian Cardoso Eleutério
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3095–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3095-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3095-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work evaluates the application of flood consequence models through their application in a real case related to a tailings dam failure. Furthermore, we simulated the implementation of less efficient alert systems on life-loss alleviation. The results revealed that the models represented the event well and were able to estimate the relevance of implementing efficient alert systems. They highlight that their use may be an important tool for new regulations for dam safety legislation.
Christian Geiß, Jana Maier, Emily So, Elisabeth Schoepfer, Sven Harig, Juan Camilo Gomez Zapata, and Yue Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1794, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1794, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We establish a model of future geospatial population distributions to quantify the number of people living in earthquake-prone and tsunami-prone areas of Lima and Callao, Peru, for the year 2035. Areas of a high earthquake intensity will experience a population growth of almost 30 %. The population in the tsunami inundation area is estimated to grow by more than 60 %. Uncovering those relations can help urban planners and policy makers to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
Rodrigo Cienfuegos, Gonzalo Álvarez, Jorge León, Alejandro Urrutia, and Sebastián Castro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-139, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This study carries out a detailed analysis of possible tsunami evacuation scenarios in the city of Iquique in Chile. Evacuation and tsunami modeling are integrated, allowing for an estimation of the potential number of people that the inundation may reach under different scenarios, by emulating the dynamics and behavior of the population and the decision making regarding the starting time of the evacuation.
Max Schneider, Fabrice Cotton, and Pia-Johanna Schweizer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2505–2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hazard maps are fundamental to earthquake risk reduction, but research is missing on how to design them. We review the visualization literature to identify evidence-based criteria for color and classification schemes for hazard maps. We implement these for the German seismic hazard map, focusing on communicating four properties of seismic hazard. Our evaluation finds that the redesigned map successfully communicates seismic hazard in Germany, improving on the baseline map for two key properties.
Tianyang Yu, Banghua Lu, Hui Jiang, and Zhi Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-84, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-84, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
A basic database for seismic risk assessment of 720 urban water supply systems in Chinese Mainland was established. The parameters of the seismic risk curves of 720 cities were calculated. The seismic fragility curves of various facilities in the water supply system were given based on the logarithmic normal distribution model.The seismic loss expectation and the loss rate expectation index of 720 urban water supply systems in Chinese Mainland in medium and long-term were given.
Leon Scheiber, Christoph Gabriel David, Mazen Hoballah Jalloul, Jan Visscher, Hong Quan Nguyen, Roxana Leitold, Javier Revilla Diez, and Torsten Schlurmann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2333–2347, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2333-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2333-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Like many other megacities in low-elevation coastal zones, Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam suffers from the convoluting impact of changing environmental stressors and rapid urbanization. This study assesses quantitative hydro-numerical results against the background of the low-regret paradigm for (1) a large-scale flood protection scheme as currently constructed and (2) the widespread implementation of small-scale rainwater detention as envisioned in the Chinese Sponge City Program.
Dirk Eilander, Anaïs Couasnon, Frederiek C. Sperna Weiland, Willem Ligtvoet, Arno Bouwman, Hessel C. Winsemius, and Philip J. Ward
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2251–2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a framework for assessing compound flood risk using hydrodynamic, impact, and statistical modeling. A pilot in Mozambique shows the importance of accounting for compound events in risk assessments. We also show how the framework can be used to assess the effectiveness of different risk reduction measures. As the framework is based on global datasets and is largely automated, it can easily be applied in other areas for first-order assessments of compound flood risk.
Chiara Scaini, Alberto Tamaro, Baurzhan Adilkhan, Satbek Sarzhanov, Zukhritdin Ergashev, Ruslan Umaraliev, Mustafo Safarov, Vladimir Belikov, Japar Karayev, and Ettore Fagà
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-95, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-95, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Central Asia is prone to multiple hazards such as floods, landslides and earthquakes, which can affect a wide range of assets at risk. We develop the first regionally-consistent database of assets at risk for non-residential buildings, transportation and croplands in Central Asia. The database combines global and regional data sources and country-based information and supports the development of regional-scale disaster risk reduction strategies for the Central Asia region.
Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Massimiliano Pittore, Nils Brinckmann, Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga, Sergio Medina, Nicola Tarque, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2203–2228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate cumulative damage on extended building portfolios, we propose an alternative and modular method to probabilistically integrate sets of single-hazard vulnerability models that are being constantly developed by experts from various research fields to be used within a multi-risk context. We demonstrate its application by assessing the economic losses expected for the residential building stock of Lima, Peru, a megacity commonly exposed to consecutive earthquake and tsunami scenarios.
Chiara Scaini, Alberto Tamaro, Baurzhan Adilkhan, Satbek Sarzhanov, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, Ruslan Umaraliev, Mustafo Safarov, Vladimir Belikov, Japar Karayev, and Ettore Fagà
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-94, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-94, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Central Asia is highly exposed to multiple hazards, including earthquakes, floods and landslides, for which risk reduction strategies are currently under development. We provide a regional-scale database of assets at risk, including population and residential buildings, based on existing information and recent data collected for each Central Asia country. Population and number of buildings are also estimated for the year 2080 to support the definition of disaster risk reduction strategies.
Oya Kalaycıoğlu, Serhat Emre Akhanlı, Emin Yahya Menteşe, Mehmet Kalaycıoğlu, and Sibel Kalaycıoğlu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2133–2156, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2133-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2133-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The associations between household characteristics and hazard-related social vulnerability in Istanbul, Türkiye, were assessed using machine learning techniques. The results indicated that less educated households with no social security and job insecurity that live in squatter houses are at a higher risk of social vulnerability. We present the findings in an open-access R Shiny web application, which can serve as a guidance for identifying the target groups in the interest of risk mitigation.
Gregor Ortner, Michael Bründl, Chahan M. Kropf, Thomas Röösli, Yves Bühler, and David N. Bresch
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2089–2110, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2089-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2089-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new approach to assess avalanche risk on a large scale in mountainous regions. It combines a large-scale avalanche modeling method with a state-of-the-art probabilistic risk tool. Over 40 000 individual avalanches were simulated, and a building dataset with over 13 000 single buildings was investigated. With this new method, risk hotspots can be identified and surveyed. This enables current and future risk analysis to assist decision makers in risk reduction and adaptation.
Prateek Arora and Luis Ceferino
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1665–1683, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1665-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1665-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Power outage models can help utilities manage risks for outages from hurricanes. Our article reviews the existing outage models during hurricanes and highlights their strengths and limitations. Existing models can give erroneous estimates with outage predictions larger than the number of customers, can struggle with predictions for catastrophic hurricanes, and do not adequately represent infrastructure failure's uncertainties. We suggest models for the future that can overcome these challenges.
Huige Xing, Ting Que, Yuxin Wu, Shiyu Hu, Haibo Li, Hongyang Li, Martin Skitmore, and Nima Talebian
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1529–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Disaster risk reduction requires public power. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the public's intention to participate in disaster risk reduction. An empirical study was conducted using structural equation modeling data analysis methods. The findings show that public attitudes, perceptions of those around them, ability to participate, and sense of participation are important factors.
Di Wang, Ming Wang, Kai Liu, and Jun Xie
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1409–1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The short–medium-term intervention effect on the post-earthquake area was analysed by simulations in different scenarios. The sediment transport patterns varied in different sub-regions, and the relative effectiveness in different scenarios changed over time with a general downward trend, where the steady stage implicated the scenario with more facilities performing better in controlling sediment output. Therefore, the simulation methods could support optimal rehabilitation strategies.
Marcos Roberto Benso, Gabriela Chiquito Gesualdo, Roberto Fray Silva, Greicelene Jesus Silva, Luis Miguel Castillo Rápalo, Fabricio Alonso Richmond Navarro, Patricia Angélica Alves Marques, José Antônio Marengo, and Eduardo Mario Mendiondo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1335–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1335-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1335-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article is about how farmers can better protect themselves from disasters like droughts, extreme temperatures, and floods. The authors suggest that one way to do this is by offering insurance contracts that cover these different types of disasters. By having this insurance, farmers can receive financial support and recover more quickly. The article elicits different ideas about how to design this type of insurance and suggests ways to make it better.
Shivani Chouhan and Mahua Mukherjee
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1267–1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1267-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1267-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Himalayas are prone to multi-hazards. To minimise loss, proper planning and execution are necessary. Data collection is the basis of any risk assessment process. This enhanced survey form is easy to understand and pictorial and identifies high-risk components of any building (structural and non-structural) surrounded by multi-hazards. Its results can help to utilise the budget in a prioritised way. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities) analysis has been performed.
Thulasi Vishwanath Harish, Nivedita Sairam, Liang Emlyn Yang, Matthias Garschagen, and Heidi Kreibich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1125–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal Asian cities are becoming more vulnerable to flooding. In this study we analyse the data collected from flood-prone houses in Ho Chi Minh City to identify what motivates the households to adopt flood precautionary measures. The results revealed that educating the households about the available flood precautionary measures and communicating the flood protection measures taken by the government encourage the households to adopt measures without having to experience multiple flood events.
Annegret H. Thieken, Philip Bubeck, Anna Heidenreich, Jennifer von Keyserlingk, Lisa Dillenardt, and Antje Otto
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 973–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In July 2021 intense rainfall caused devastating floods in western Europe with 184 fatalities in the German federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NW) and Rhineland-Palatinate (RP), calling their warning system into question. An online survey revealed that 35 % of respondents from NW and 29 % from RP did not receive any warning. Many of those who were warned did not expect severe flooding, nor did they know how to react. The study provides entry points for improving Germany's warning system.
Blaise Mafuko Nyandwi, Matthieu Kervyn, François Muhashy Habiyaremye, François Kervyn, and Caroline Michellier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 933–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Risk perception involves the processes of collecting, selecting and interpreting signals about the uncertain impacts of hazards. It may contribute to improving risk communication and motivating the protective behaviour of the population living near volcanoes. Our work describes the spatial variation and factors influencing volcanic risk perception of 2204 adults of Goma exposed to Nyiragongo. It contributes to providing a case study for risk perception understanding in the Global South.
Fatemeh Jalayer, Hossein Ebrahimian, Konstantinos Trevlopoulos, and Brendon Bradley
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 909–931, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing tsunami fragility and the related uncertainties is crucial in the evaluation of incurred losses. Empirical fragility modelling is based on observed tsunami intensity and damage data. Fragility curves for hierarchical damage levels are distinguished by their laminar shape; that is, the curves should not intersect. However, this condition is not satisfied automatically. We present a workflow for hierarchical fragility modelling, uncertainty propagation and fragility model selection.
Carlos Mesta, Gemma Cremen, and Carmine Galasso
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 711–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Flood risk is expected to increase in many regions worldwide due to rapid urbanization and climate change. The benefits of risk-mitigation measures remain inadequately quantified for potential future events in some multi-hazard-prone areas such as Kathmandu Valley (KV), Nepal, which this paper addresses. The analysis involves modeling two flood occurrence scenarios and using four residential exposure inventories representing current urban system or near-future development trajectories for KV.
Kirk B. Enu, Aude Zingraff-Hamed, Mohammad A. Rahman, Lindsay C. Stringer, and Stephan Pauleit
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 481–505, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In sub-Saharan Africa, there is reported uptake of at least one nature-based solution (NBS) in 71 % of urban areas in the region for mitigating hydro-meteorological risks. These NBSs are implemented where risks exist but not where they are most severe. With these NBSs providing multiple ecosystem services and four out of every five NBSs creating livelihood opportunities, NBSs can help address major development challenges in the region, such as water and food insecurity and unemployment.
Madeleine-Sophie Déroche
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 251–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proves the need to conduct an in-depth review of the existing loss modelling framework and makes it clear that only a transdisciplinary effort will be up to the challenge of building global loss models. These two factors are essential to capture the interactions and increasing complexity of the three risk drivers (exposure, hazard, and vulnerability), thus enabling insurers to anticipate and be equipped to face the far-ranging impacts of climate change and other natural events.
May Laor and Zohar Gvirtzman
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 139–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-139-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-139-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to provide a practical and relatively fast solution for early-stage planning of marine infrastructure that must cross a faulted zone. Instead of investing huge efforts in finding whether each specific fault meets a pre-defined criterion of activeness, we map the subsurface and determine the levels of fault hazard based on the amount of displacement and the fault's plane size. This allows for choosing the least problematic infrastructure routes at an early planning stage.
Ruth Stephan, Stefano Terzi, Mathilde Erfurt, Silvia Cocuccioni, Kerstin Stahl, and Marc Zebisch
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 45–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study maps agriculture's vulnerability to drought in the European pre-Alpine regions of Thurgau (CH) and Podravska (SI). We combine region-specific knowledge with quantitative data mapping; experts of the study regions, far apart, identified a few common but more region-specific factors that we integrated in two vulnerability scenarios. We highlight the benefits of the participatory approach in improving the quantitative results and closing the gap between science and practitioners.
Lorenzo Cugliari, Massimo Crescimbene, Federica La Longa, Andrea Cerase, Alessandro Amato, and Loredana Cerbara
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4119–4138, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4119-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4119-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Tsunami Alert Centre of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (CAT-INGV) has been promoting the study of tsunami risk perception in Italy since 2018. A total of 7342 questionnaires were collected in three survey phases (2018, 2020, 2021). In this work we present the main results of the three survey phases, with a comparison among the eight surveyed regions and between the coastal regions and some coastal metropolitan cities involved in the survey.
Elco E. Koks, Kees C. H. van Ginkel, Margreet J. E. van Marle, and Anne Lemnitzer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3831–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an overview of the impacts to critical infrastructure and how recovery has progressed after the July 2021 flood event in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. The results show that Germany and Belgium were particularly affected, with many infrastructure assets severely damaged or completely destroyed. This study helps to better understand how infrastructure can be affected by flooding and can be used for validation purposes for future studies.
Qinke Sun, Jiayi Fang, Xuewei Dang, Kepeng Xu, Yongqiang Fang, Xia Li, and Min Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3815–3829, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3815-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3815-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Flooding by extreme weather events and human activities can lead to catastrophic impacts in coastal areas. The research illustrates the importance of assessing the performance of different future urban development scenarios in response to climate change, and the simulation study of urban risks will prove to decision makers that incorporating disaster prevention measures into urban development plans will help reduce disaster losses and improve the ability of urban systems to respond to floods.
Andrea Taramelli, Margherita Righini, Emiliana Valentini, Lorenzo Alfieri, Ignacio Gatti, and Simone Gabellani
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3543–3569, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to support decision-making processes to prioritize effective interventions for flood risk reduction and mitigation for the implementation of flood risk management concepts in urban areas. Our findings provide new insights into vulnerability spatialization of urban flood events for the residential sector, demonstrating that the nature of flood pathways varies spatially and is influenced by landscape characteristics, as well as building features.
Pauline Brémond, Anne-Laurence Agenais, Frédéric Grelot, and Claire Richert
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3385–3412, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3385-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3385-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
It is impossible to protect all issues against flood risk. To prioritise protection, economic analyses are conducted. The French Ministry of the Environment wanted to make available damage functions that we have developed for several sectors. For this, we propose a methodological framework and apply it to the model we have developed to assess damage to agriculture. This improves the description, validation, transferability and updatability of models based on expert knowledge.
Wenwu Gong, Jie Jiang, and Lili Yang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3271–3283, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a model named variable fuzzy set and information diffusion (VFS–IEM–IDM) to assess the dynamic risk of compound hazards, which takes into account the interrelations between the hazard drivers, deals with the problem of data sparsity, and considers the temporal dynamics of the occurrences of the compound hazards. To examine the efficacy of the proposed VFS–IEM–IDM model, a case study of typhoon–rainstorm risks in Shenzhen, China, is presented.
Sanish Bhochhibhoya and Roisha Maharjan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3211–3230, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This is a comprehensive approach to risk assessment that considers the dynamic relationship between loss and damage. The study combines physical risk with social science to mitigate the disaster caused by earthquakes in Nepal, taking socioeconomical parameters into account such that the risk estimates can be monitored over time. The main objective is to recognize the cause of and solutions to seismic hazard, building the interrelationship between individual, natural, and built-in environments.
Lennart Marien, Mahyar Valizadeh, Wolfgang zu Castell, Christine Nam, Diana Rechid, Alexandra Schneider, Christine Meisinger, Jakob Linseisen, Kathrin Wolf, and Laurens M. Bouwer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3015-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3015-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Myocardial infarctions (MIs; heart attacks) are influenced by temperature extremes, air pollution, lack of green spaces and ageing population. Here, we apply machine learning (ML) models in order to estimate the influence of various environmental and demographic risk factors. The resulting ML models can accurately reproduce observed annual variability in MI and inter-annual trends. The models allow quantification of the importance of individual factors and can be used to project future risk.
Annette Sophie Bösmeier, Iso Himmelsbach, and Stefan Seeger
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2963–2979, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2963-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2963-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Encouraging a systematic use of flood marks for more comprehensive flood risk management, we collected a large number of marks along the Kinzig, southwestern Germany, and tested them for plausibility and temporal continuance. Despite uncertainty, the marks appeared to be an overall consistent and practical source that may also increase flood risk awareness. A wide agreement between the current flood hazard maps and the collected flood marks moreover indicated a robust local hazard assessment.
Cited articles
Adame, B. J.: The persuasive efficacy of real versus salient hazard
scenarios in motivating citizen-level hazard preparedness, International
Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 292–301,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.05.019, 2018.
Agresti, A.: Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition, Hoboken,
John Wiley& Sons, New Jersey, 2002.
Albulescu, A.-C., Larion, D., and Grozavu, A.: Multi-Criteria Assessment of
the Seismic Vulnerability of School Units in Vaslui City, Romania, in: Risk
Analysis XII, WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, edited by:
Syngellakis, S. and Fabbri, A., WIT Press, Southampton, UK, 17–28,
https://doi.org/10.2495/RISK200021,2020.
Alcántara-Ayala, I. and Moreno, A. R.: Landslide risk perception and
communication for disaster risk management in mountain areas of developing
countries: a Mexican foretaste, J. Mt. Sci., 13, 2079–2093,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-015-3823-0, 2016.
Alfieri, L., Burek, P., Feyen, L., and Forzieri, G.: Global warming increases the frequency of river floods in Europe, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2247–2260, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2247-2015, 2015.
Alon, I.: COVID-19 and International Business: A Viewpoint, FIIB Business
Review, 9, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1177/2319714520923579, 2020.
Anders, I., Stagl, J., Auer, I., and Pavlik, D.: Climate change in Central
and Eastern Europe, in: Managing Protected Areas in Central and Eastern
Europe Under Climate Change, Advances in Global Change Research, edited by:
Rannow, S. and Neubert, M., 58, Springer Science-Business Media Dordrecht,
4, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7960-0_2, 2014.
Armaș, I.: Earthquake Risk Perception in Bucharest, Romania, Risk Anal., 26,
1223–1234, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00810.x, 2006.
Armaș, I.: Multi-criteria vulnerability analysis to earthquake hazard of Bucharest, 608 Romania, Nat. Hazards, 63, 1129–1156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0209-2, 2012.
Armaș, I. and Avram, E.: Perception of flood risk in the Danube Delta,
Romania, Nat. Hazards, 50, 269–287,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9337-0, 2009.
Armaș, I., Ionescu, R., and Posner, C. N.: Flood risk perception along the
Lower Danube river, Romania, Nat. Hazards, 79, 1913–1931,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1939-8, 2015.
Armaș, I., Crețu, R. Z., and Ionescu, R.: Self-efficacy, stress, and locus of
control: The psychology of earthquake risk perception in Bucharest, Romania,
Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 22, 71–76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.018, 2017.
Armstrong, G. D.: Parametric statistics and ordinal data: a pervasive
misconception, Nurs. Res., 30, 60–62, https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198101000-00019, 1981.
Baker, B. O., Hardyck, C. D., and Petrinovich, L. F.: Weak measurements vs.
strong statistics: an empirical critique of S.S. Steven's proscriptions on
statistics, Educ. Psychol. Meas., 26, 291–309,
https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446602600204, 1966.
Baker, V. R.: The Story of Vaiont: Told by the Geologist Who Discovered the
Landslide, Earth Sci. Hist., 30, p. 295, 2011.
Bamberg, S., Masson, T., Brewitt, K., and Nemetschek, N.: Threat, coping and
flood prevention – A meta-analysis, J. Environ. Psychol., 54,
116–126, 2017.
Banica, A., Rosu, L., Muntele, I., and Grozavu, A.: Towards
urban resilience: A multi-criteria analysis of seismic vulnerability in Iasi
City (Romania), Sustainability, 9, 270, https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020270,
2017.
Bălteanu, D., Micu, D., Baroiu, D., Dima, V., Dragotă, C.,
Mărculeţ, C., and Serban, P.: Snowstorm Spells of January-February
2012: Genesis, Manifestation and Effects in Buzău County Lowland, Apași
Aerul: Componente ale Mediului, 2013.
Bălteanu, D., Micu, M., Jurchescu, M., Malet, J.-P., Sima, M., Kucsicsa, G., Dumitrică, C., Petrea, D., Mărgărint, M. C., Bilașco,
S., Dobrescu, C.-F., Călărașu, E.-A., Olinic, E., Boți, I., and Senzaconi, F.: National-scale susceptibility map of Romania in a European
methodological framework, Geomorphology, 371, 107432,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107432, 2020.
Benedek, J. and Cristea, M.: Growth pole development and “metropolization”
in post-socialist Romania, Studia UBB Geographia, 59, 125–138, 2014.
Bernardo, F.: Impact of place attachment on risk perception: Exploring the
multidimensionality of risk and its magnitude, Studies in Psychology, 34,
323–329, https://doi.org/10.1174/021093913808349253, 2013.
Beshi, T. D. and Kaur, R.: Public Trust in Local Government: Explaining the
Role of Good Governance Practices, Public Organization Review, 20, 337–350,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-019-00444-6, 2019.
Bickerstaff, K. and Walker, G.: Public understanding of air pollution: the
“localisation” of environmental risk, Global Environ. Chang., 11,
135–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00063-7, 2001.
Bradford, R. A., O'Sullivan, J. J., van der Craats, I. M., Krywkow, J., Rotko, P., Aaltonen, J., Bonaiuto, M., De Dominicis, S., Waylen, K., and Schelfaut, K.: Risk perception – issues for flood management in Europe, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2299–2309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2299-2012, 2012.
Buchecker, M., Ogasa, D. M., and Maidl, E.: How well do the wider public
accept integrated flood risk management? An empirical study in two Swiss
Alpine valleys, Environ. Sci. Policy, 55, 309–317, 2016.
Bunea, G. and Atanasiu, G. M.: Overview of Romania's seismicity focusing on
the North-Eastern region, Bul. Inst. Politeh. din Iași Sect. Constr. Arhit.,
60, 43–52, 2014.
Burja, V.: Some aspects of employment in Romania's agriculture in the
European context, Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 16,
41–51, 2014.
Burningham, K., Fielding, J., and Thrush, D.: “It'll never happen to me”:
understanding public awareness of local flood risk, Disasters, 32,
216–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01036.x, 2008.
Carifio, J. and Perla, R. J.: Ten Common Misunderstandings, Misconceptions,
Persistent Myths and Urban Legends, Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 106–116,
2007.
Carifio, J. and Perla, R. J.: Resolving the 50-year debate around using and
misusing Likert scales, Med. Educ., 42, 1150–1152,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03172.x, 2008.
Ceobanu, C. and Grozavu, A.: Psychosocial effects of the floods perception
and attitudes, Carpath, J. Earth Env., 4, 25–38, 2009.
Chiriac, D., Geicu, A., Humă, C., and Bleahu, A.: Efectele socioeconomice ale secetei asupra calităţii vieţii comunităților umane din România [Socioeconomic effects of droughts on life quality of human communities in Romania], Calitatea Vieții, 16, 313–331, 2005 (in Romanian).
Cioacă, A. and Dinu, M.: Landslide Reactivation in Moldavian Plateau
1996/1997. A case study: Pârcovaci, Annals of Valahia University of
Târgoviște, Geographical Series, 2, 136–142, 2002.
Cismaru, C., Bartha, I., Gabor, V., and Scripcariu, D.: Studii asupra
deficitului de producție determinat de secete in condițiile Moldovei
[Studies on the production deficit caused by droughts in Moldova
conditions], Ovidius University Annals of Constructions, 1, 53–57, 2000 (in
Romanian).
Cîmpianu, C. and Corodescu, E.: Landscape dynamics analysis in Iași
Metropolitan Area (Romania) using remote sensing data, Cinq Continents, 3,
18–32, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-359736, 2013.
Cliff, N.: Ordinal methods for behavioral data analysis, Psychology
Press, New York, 1996.
Comănescu, L. and Nedelea, A.: Public perception of the hazards
affecting geomorphological heritage–case study: the central area of Bucegi
Mts. (Southern Carpathians, Romania), Environ. Earth Sci., 73, 8487–8497,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-4007-x, 2015.
Comănescu, L. and Nedelea, A.: Floods and public perception on their
effect. Case Study: Tecuci Plain (Romania), year 2013, Procedia Environ.
Sci., 32, 190–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.024, 2016.
Croitoru, A.-E. and Minea, I.: The impact of climate changes on rivers
discharge in Eastern Romania, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 120, 563–573,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1194-z, 2015.
Crețu, R. Z., Armaș, I., and Stănciugelu, I.: Psychological Vulnerability and Earthquake Risk Perception in Bucharest/Romania, EGU General Assembly, 2–7 May, Vienna, Austria, p. 8835, 2010.
De Winter, J. F. C. and Dodou, D.: Five-Point Likert Items: t test versus
Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation,
15, 1–16, 2010.
Dicu, I. and Stângă, I. C.: Exposure and Triggering Factors of Road (Un-) Safety and Risks in Iași Municipality (Romania), Scientific Annals of “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, University of Iași, 59, s. II c, Geography series, 171–190, 2013.
Donat, M. G., Lowry, A. L., Alexander, L. V., O'Gorman, P. A., and Maher, N.:
More extreme precipitation in the world's dry and wet regions, Nat. Clim.
Change, 6, 508–513, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2941, 2016.
Donat, M. G., Lowry, A. L., Alexander, L. V., O'Gorman, P. A., and Maher, N.:
Addendum: More extreme precipitation in the world's dry and wet
regions, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 508–513, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3160,
2017.
Dottori, F., Szewczyk, W., Ciscar, J., Zhao, F., Alfieri, L., Hirabayashi,
Y., Bianchi, A., Mongelli, I., Frieler, K., Betts, A., and Feyen, L.:
Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic
warming, Nat. Clim. Change., 8, 781–786,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0257-z, 2018.
Douglas, M. and Wildavsky, A. B.: Risk and Culture: An Essay on the
Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers, University of California
Press, Berkeley, 1983.
Dunford, R., Harrison, P. A., Jäger, J., Rounsevell, M. D. A., and Tinch,
R.: Exploring climate change vulnerability across sectors and scenarios
using indicators of impacts and coping capacity, Climatic Change, 128,
339–354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1162-8, 2015.
Dutu, A, Niste, M., Spatarelu, I., Dima, D. I., and Kishiki, S.: Seismic
evaluation of Romanian traditional buildings with timber frame and mud
masonry infills by in-plane static cycling tests, Eng. Struct., 167,
655–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.062, 2018.
Dykes, A. P. and Bromhead, E. N. The Vajont landslide: re-assessemnt of the
evidence leads to rejection of the consensus, Landslides, 15, 1815–1832,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0996-y, 2018.
Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC): Romania – Overview of the National Disaster Management System, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/civil-protection/disaster-management/romania_en
(last access: 19 October 2021), 2020.
Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., Lichtenstein, S., Read, S., and Combs, B.: How
safe is safe enough? A psychometric study of attitudes towards technological
risks and benefits, Policy Sci., 9, 127–152, 1978.
Fleischhauer, M., Greiving, S., Flex, F., Scheibel, M., Stickler, T., Sereinig, N., Koboltschnig, G., Malvati, P., Vitale, V., Grifoni, P., and Firus, K.: Improving the active involvement of stakeholders and the public in flood risk management – tools of an involvement strategy and case study results from Austria, Germany and Italy, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2785–2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2785-2012, 2012.
Forzieri, G., Bianchi, A., Silva, F. B. E., Marin Herrera, M. A., Leblois, A.,
Lavalle, C., Aerts, J. C. J. H., and Feyen, L.: Escalating impacts of climate
extremes on critical infrastructures in Europe, Global Environ. Chang., 48, 97–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.007, 2018.
Fuchs, S., Karagiorgos, K., Kitikidou, K., Maris, F., Paparrizos, S., and Thaler, T.: Flood risk perception and adaptation capacity: a contribution to the socio-hydrology debate, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3183–3198, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3183-2017, 2017.
Gaito, J.: Measurement scales and statistics: resurgence of an old
misconception, Psychol. Bull., 87, 564–567,
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.87.3.564, 1980.
Gamper, C. D.: The political economy of public participation in natural hazard decisions – a theoretical review and an exemplary case of the decision framework of Austrian hazard zone mapping, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 233–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-233-2008, 2008.
Gao, X., Roder, G., Jiao, Y., Ding, Y., Liu, Z., and Tarolli, P.: Farmers'
landslide risk perceptions and willingness for restoration and conservation
of world heritage site of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, China, Landslides, 17,
1915–1924, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01389-4, 2020.
Gardner, H. J. and Martin, M. A.: Analyzing Ordinal Scales in Studies of
Virtual Environments: Likert or Lump It! Presence–Teleop. Virt., 16,
439–446, https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.4.439, 2007.
Georgescu, E.-S. and Pomonis, A: The Romanian Earthquake of March 4, 1977
Revisited: New Insights into its Territorial, Economic and Social Impacts
and their Bearing on the Preparedness for the Future, the 14th World
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 12–17 October 2008, Beijing, China,
2008.
Georgescu, F., Tascu, S., Caian, M., and Banciu, D.: A severe blizzard event in Romania – a case study, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 623–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-623-2009, 2009.
Gill, J. C., Taylor, F. E., Duncan, M. J., Mohadjer, S., Budimir, M., Mdala, H., and Bukachi, V.: Invited perspectives: Building sustainable and resilient communities – recommended actions for natural hazard scientists, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 187–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-187-2021, 2021.
Greenacre, M.: Correspondence Analysis in Practice, Second Edition,
Chapman& Hall/CRC, London, 2007.
Greenacre, M.: Contribution Biplots, J. Comput. Graph. Stat., 22, 107–122,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2012.702494, 2013.
Grothmann, T. and Reusswig, F.: People at risk of flooding: Why some
residents take precautionary action while others do not, Nat. Hazards, 38, 101–120,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8604-6, 2006.
Grozavu, A. and Pleșcan, S.: The Natural Risk Perception in Lepșa-Greșu
Depression, Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 4, 199–210,
2010.
Guo, X. and Kapucu, N.: Examining Stakeholder Participation in Social
Stability Risk Assessment for Mega Projects using Network Analysis,
International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 1, 1–31, 2019.
Hazarika, N., Tayeng, T., and Das, A. K.: Living in troubled waters:
stakeholders' perception, susceptibility and adaptations to flooding in the
Upper Brahmaputra plain, Nat. Hazards, 83, 1157–1176,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2366-1, 2016.
Heijmans, A.: Vulnerability: A matter of perception. Benfield Grelg Hazard
Research Centre, London, Disaster Management Working Paper, 4, 1–17, 2001.
Heitz, C., Spaeter, S., Auzet, A. V., and Glatron, S.: Local stakeholders'
perception of muddy flood risk and implications for management approaches: A
case study in Alsace (France), Land Use Policy, 26, 443–451,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.05.008, 2009.
Holub, M. and Fuchs, S.: Mitigating mountain hazards in Austria – legislation, risk transfer, and awareness building, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 523–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-523-2009, 2009.
Hommels, A. and Cleophas, E.: In Case of Breakdown: Dreams and Dilemmas of a
Common European Standard for Emergency Communication, in: The Making of
Europe's Critical Infrastructure. Common Connections and Shared
Vulnerabilities, edited by: Högselius, P., Hommels, A., Kaijser, A., and
van der Vleuten, E., Palgrave MacMillan, London, 239–260,
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137358738_9, 2013.
Horton, R. M., Gornitz, V., Bader, D. A., Ruane, A. C., Goldberg, R., and
Rosenzweig, C.: Climate Hazard Assessment for Stakeholder Adaptation
Planning in New York City, J. App. Meteorol. Clim., 50, 2247–2266,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAMC2521.1, 2011.
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., and Zeileis, A.: Implementing a
Class of Permutation Tests: The coin Package, J. Stat.
Softw., 28, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v028.i08, 2008.
Iațu, C. and Eva, M.: Spatial profile of the evolution of urban sprawl
pressure on the surroundings of Romanian cities (2000–2013), Carpath, J.
Earth Env., 11, 79–88, 2016.
Iftimoaei, C. and Baciu, I. C.: Populația din Zona Metropolitană Iași: volum, structure și procesedemografice [Population of the Iași Metropolitan Area. Volume, Structures and Demographic Processes], in: Dezvoltarea Economico-Socială a Euroregiunilor și a Zonelor Transfrontaliere, edited by: Pădurariu, T., Jijie, D. T., Tacu, G., and Doncean, M., 33, Edit. Performantica, Iași, 313–328, 2019.
Ignat, R., Stoian, M., and Roșca, V.: Socio-economic Aspects of Rural
Romania, Proc. Econ. Financ., 15, 1331–1338,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00596-6, 2014.
Ingram, W.: Increases all round, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 443–444,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2966, 2016.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate Change 2013: The
Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in:
Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, edited by: Stocker, T. F.,
Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M. M. B., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J.,
Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004, 2013.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Global Warming of
1.5 ∘C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global
warming of 1.5 ∘C above pre-industrial levels and related global
greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global
response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and
efforts to eradicate poverty, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Portner, H.-O.,
Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A..Moufouma-Okia, W., Pean, C.,
Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J.B.R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M.I.,
Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., and Waterfield, T., IPCC,
Geneva, Switzerland, 562 pp., 2018.
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction: South Eastern Europe disaster
risk mitigation and adaptation initiative, United Nations, Geneva,
Switzerland, available at: https://www.unisdr.org/files/1741_SouthEasternEuropeDRMitigation.pdf (last access: 19 October 2021), 2008.
Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O.B., Bouwer,
L.M., Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G.,
Georgopoulou, E., Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A.,
Hempelmann, N., Jones, C., Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kröner, N.,
Kotlarski,S., Kriegsmann, A., Martin, E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C.,
Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S., Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D.,
Rounsevell, M., Samuelsson, P., Somot, S., Soussana,J.-F., Teichmann, C.,
Valentini, R., Vautard, R., Weber, B., and Yiou, P.: EURO-CORDEX: new high
resolution climate change projections for European impact research, Reg.
Environ. Change, 14, 563–578, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2,
2014.
Jamieson, S.: Likert scales: how to (ab)use them, Med. Educ., 38,
1217–1218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02012.x,
2004.
Jobson J. D.: Applied Multivariate data analysis. Volume II: categorical and
multivariate methods, Springer, New York, 1992.
Kaplan, H., Bilgin, H., Yilmaz, S., Binici, H., and Öztas, A.: Structural damages of L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 499–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-499-2010, 2010.
Kero, P. and Lee, D.: Likert is Pronounced “LICK-urt” not “LIE-kurt” and the
Data are Ordinal not Interval, J. Appl. Meas., 17, 502–509, 2016.
Knapp, T. R.: Treating ordinal scales as interval scales: An attempt to
resolve the controversy, Nurs. Res., 39, 121–123, 1990.
Knuth, D., Kehl, D., Hulse, L., Spangenberg, L., Brähler, E., and
Schmidt, S.: Risk perception and emergency experience: comparing a
representative German sample with German emergency survivors, J. Risk Res.,
18, 581–601, https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.910685, 2015.
Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B., and Rubel, F.: World Map of
the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated, Meteorol.
Z., 15, 259–263, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130, 2006.
Kraaij-Dirkzwager, M., van der Ree, J., and Lebret, E.: Rapid Assessment of
Stakeholder Concerns about Public Health. An Introduction to a Fast and
Inexpensive Approach Applied on Health Concerns about Intensive Animal
Production Systems, Int. J. Environ. Res. Pu., 14, 1534,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121534, 2017.
Kron, W.: Natural Disasters: Lessons from the Past – Concerns for the
Future, Geneva Pap. Risk Insur. Issues Pract., 25, 570–581,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0440.00083, 2000.
Kurnik, B., Füssel, H. M., van der Linden, P., Simmons, A., Hildén,
M., and Fronzek, S.: Changes in the climate system. in: Climate change,
impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based report,
European Environment Agency Report, 1, 61–104,
https://doi.org/10.2800/534806, 2017.
Lechowska, E.: What determines flood risk perception? A review of factors of
flood risk perception and relations between its basic elements, Nat.
Hazards, 94, 1341–1366, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3480-z, 2018.
Leitner, M., Babcicky, P., Schinko, T., and Glas, N.: The status of climate
risk management in Austria. Assessing the governance landscape and proposing
ways forward for comprehensively managing flood and drought risk, Clim. Risk
Manage., 30, 100246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100246, 2020.
Lungu, D., Ariton C., Aldea, A., and Vacareanu, R.: Seismic Hazard,
Vulnerability and Risk for Vrancea Events, International Symposium on strong
Vrancea Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation, 4–6 October 2007, Bucharest,
Romania, 291–306, 2007.
Mainardes, E. W., Alves, H., and Raposo, M.: A model for stakeholder
classification and stakeholder relationships, Manage. Decis., 50, 1861–1879,
https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211279648, 2012.
Mărgărint, M. C. and Niculiță, M.: Local stakeholders' perception
of natural risks. Case study of Iași County, NE Romania, in: Proceedings of
International conference Analysis and Management of Changing Risks for
Natural Hazards, 18–19 November 2014, Padova, Italy, 10 pp., 2014.
Mărgărint, M. C. and Niculiță, M.: Landslide type and pattern in
Moldavian Plateau, NE Romania, in: Landform Dynamics and Evolution in
Romania, edited by: Rădoane, M. and Vespremeanu–Stroe, A. Springer
Geography, Springer, Cham, 271–304,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32589-7_12, 2017.
Mărgărint, M. C., Niculiță, M., Németh, A, Cristea, I. A., and
Doru, S. C.: The reconstruction of an abandoned historical reservoir network
in a continental temperate climate region using a multi-method approach,
Appl. Geogr., 130, 102447,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102447, 2021.
Mărmureanu, G., Cioflan, C. O., and Mărmureanu, A.: Intensity Seismic
Hazard Map of Romania by Probabilistic and (Neo)Deterministic Approaches,
Linear and Nonlinear Analyses, Rom. Rep. Phys., 63, 336–239, 2011.
Mangiafico, S. S.: Summary and Analysis of Extension Program Evaluation in R,
version 1.15.0., Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Brunswick, NJ, available at:
http://rcompanion.org/documents/RHandbookProgramEvaluation.pdf (last
access: 28 October 2020), 2016.
Mangiafico, S. S.: rcompanion: Functions to Support Extension Education
Program Evaluation, R stat [code], available at:
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rcompanion (last access: 18 October 2021), 2021.
Mano, R., Kirschenbaum, A., and Rapaport, C.: Earthquake preparedness: A
Social Media Fit perspective to accessing and disseminating earthquake
information, International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 1,
19–31, https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.2, 2019.
Meltzer, M., Stefănescu, L., and Ozunu, A.: Keep Them Engaged: Romanian
County Inspectorates for Emergency Situations' Facebook Usage for Disaster
Risk Communication and Beyond, Sustainability, 10, 1411,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051411, 2018.
Merz, B., Hall, J., Disse, M., and Schumann, A.: Fluvial flood risk management in a changing world, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 509–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-509-2010, 2010.
Micu, M., Jurchescu, M., Sandric, I., Mărgărint, M. C., Chițu, Z.,
Micu, D., Ciurean, R., Ilinca, V., Vasile, M., Mass Movements, in: Landform
Dynamics and Evolution in Romania, edited by: Rădoane, M. and
Vespremeanu–Stroe, A. Springer Geography, Springer, Cham, 765–820,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32589-7_32, 2017.
Mihăilă, D.: Câmpia Moldovei: studiu climatic [Moldavian Plain:
climatic study], Suceava University Press, 465 pp., 2006 (in Romanian).
Minea, I.: Bazinul hidrografic Bahlui. Studiu hidrologic [Bahlui catchment.
Hydrological study], Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași Press, Iași, 334 pp., 2013 (in Romanian).
Minea, I. and Croitoru, A.-D.: Climate changes and their impact on the
variation of the groundwater level in the Moldavian Plateau (Eastern
Romania), 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference
(SGEM2015), 137–144, https://doi.org/10.5593/SGEM2015/B31/S12.018, 2015.
Minea, I. and Croitoru, A.-D.: Groundwater response to changes in
precipitations in North-Eastern Romania, Environ. Eng.
Manag. J., 16, 643–651, 2017.
Minea, I., Hapciuc, O.-E., Bănuc, G., and Jora, I.: Trends and
variations of the groundwater level in the North-eastern part of
Romania, 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference
(SGEM2016), 1053–1060, https://doi.org/10.5593/SGEM2016/B11/S02.133, 2016.
Ministerul Educației Naționale și Cercetării Stiințifice: Regulamentul-cadru de organizare și funcționare a unităților de învățământ preuniversitar, Managementul unităților de învățământ – Cap. 3 Directorul, Monitorul Oficial, 720, 1, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gezdqmzygyya/directorul-regulament?dp=geydimjzha3tcny, 19 September 2016 (in Romanian).
Mircioiu, C. and Atkinson, J. A.: Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric
Methods Applied to a Likert Scale, Pharmacy (Basel), 5, 26,
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy5020026, 2017.
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., and Wood, D. J.: Toward a Theory of Stakeholder
Identification and Salience: defining the Principle of who and What Really
Counts, Acad. Manage. Rev., 22, 853–886,
https://doi.org/10.2307/259247, 1997.
Mondino, E., Di Baldassarre, G., Mård, J., Ridolfi, E., and Rusca, M.:
Public perceptions of multiple risks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
and Sweden, Sci. Data 7, 434,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00778-7, 2020.
Mosoarca, M. and Gioncu, V.: Failure mechanisms for historical religious
buildings in Romania seismic areas, J. Cult. Herit., 14, e65–e72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2012.11.018, 2013.
National Organization System: Emergency Ordinance 20/2004 on National
Management System of Emergency Situation, available at:
https://www.igsu.ro/Resources/biblioteca/Organizare/OUG-21-2004.pdf (last access: 4 October 2020), 2004.
Nenadic, O. and Greenacre, M.: Correspondence Analysis in R, with Two- and
Three-dimensional Graphics: The ca Package, J. Stat. Softw.,
20, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v020.i03, 2007.
Niacșu, L., Sfîcă, L., Ursu, A., Ichim, P., Bobric, D. E., and
Breabăn, I. G.: Wind erosion on arable lands, associated with extreme
blizzard conditions within the hilly area of Eastern Romania, Environ. Res.,
169, 86–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.008, 2019.
Niculiță, M.: Landslide Hazard Induced by Climate Changes in
North-Eastern Romania, in: Climate Change, Hazards and Adaptation Options.
Climate Change Management, edited by: Leal Filho, W., Nagy, G., Borga, M.,
Chávez Muñoz, P., and Magnuszewski, A., Springer, Cham, 245–265,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37425-9_13, 2020.
Niculiță, M., Andrei, A., and Lupu, C.: The landslide database of the
North–Eastern Romania, in: Proceedings of Romanian Geomorphology
Symposium, edited by: Niculiță, M. and Mărgărint, M. C., 1,
Iași, 11–14 May 2017, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași Press, Iași,
81–84, https://doi.org/10.15551/prgs.2017.81, 2017.
Niculiță, M., Stoilov-Linu, V., and Necula, N.: Recent landslides from
Iași Metropolitan Area, Revista de Geomorfologie, 20, 90–101,
https://doi.org/10.21094/rg.2018.030, 2018.
Niculiță, M., Mărgărint, M. C., and Cristea, A. I.: Using
archaeological and geomorphological evidence for the establishment of a
relative chronology and evolution pattern for Holocene landslides, PLoS ONE,
14, e0227335, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227335, 2019.
Norman, G.: Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws”, Adv. Health Sci. Educ., 15, 625–632,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9222-y, 2010.
Öcal, A.: Natural Disasters in Turkey: Social and Economic Perspective,
International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 1, 51–61,
https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.3, 2019.
Oliver, C. E.: Catastrophic Disaster Planning and Response, 1st Edition, CRC
Press, 401 pp., 2010.
Openheim, A. N.: Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement, Bloomsbury Academic, New York, 312 pp., 2000.
Öhman, S.: Previous Experiences and Risk Perception: The Role of
Transference, Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 23,
1–10, https://doi.org/10.9734/JESBS/2017/35101, 2017.
Ozmen, F.: The level of preparedness of the schools for disasters from the
aspect of the schools principals, Disaster Prev. Manag., 15,
383–395, https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669873, 2006.
Pelin, L. I.: Fenomenul de secetă din Câmpia Moldovei [Drought in
Moldavian Plain], PhD thesis, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 154 pp.,
2015 (in Romanian).
Pell, G.: Use and misuse of Likert scales, Med. Educ., 39, 970,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02237.x, 2005.
Pereira, P., Mierauskas, P., and Novara, A.: Stakeholders perception about
fire impact in Lithuanian protected areas, Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 871–883,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2290, 2016.
Perić, J. and Cvetković, V.: Demographic, socio-economic and
phycological perspective of risk perception from disasters caused by floods:
case study Belgrade, International Journal of Disaster Risk Management,
1, 31–43, https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.3, 2019.
Plattner, Th., Plapp, T., and Hebel, B.: Integrating public risk perception into formal natural hazard risk assessment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 471–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-471-2006, 2006.
Prăvălie, R., Patriche, C., Săvulescu, I., Sîrodoev, I.,
Bandoc, G., and Sfîcă, L.: Spatial assessment of land sensitivity
to degradation across Romania. A quantitative approach based on the modified
MEDALUS methodology, Catena, 187, 104407,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104407, 2020.
Pujină, D.: Alunecările de teren din Podișul Moldovei [Landslides
from the Moldavian Plateau], Edit. Performantica, Iași, 2008 (in Romanian).
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available at:
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 28 October 2021), 2020.
Reed, M. S.: Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A
literature review, Biol. Conserv., 141, 2417–2461,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014, 2008.
Reker, J., Christiansen, T., Füssel, H.-M., Vaughan, D., Meakins, B.,
Meiner, A., Palmer, M., Skovgaard Madsen, K., Vanneuville, W., Kristensen,
P., Kurnik, B., Feyen, L., Marx, A., Bastrup-Birk, A., Louwagie, G.,
Wugt-Larsen, F., Biala, K., Schweiger, O., Settele, J., Civic, K., Delbaere,
B., Borrelli, P., Jones, A., Lugato, E., Panagos, P., Barredo, J., and
Erhard, M.: Climate change impacts on environmental systems, in: Climate
change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based
report, European Environment Agency Report 1,
105–188, https://doi.org/10.2800/534806, 2017.
Rippl, S.: Cultural theory and risk perception: a proposal for a better
measurement, J. Risk Res., 5, 147–165, https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870110042598, 2002.
Roder, G., Ruljigaljig, T., Lin, C. W., and Tarolli, P.: Natural hazards
knowledge and risk perception of Wujie indigenous community in Taiwan, Nat.
Hazards, 81, 641–662, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2100-4, 2016.
Roder, G., Sofia, G., Wu, Z., and Tarolli, P.: Assessment of social vulnerability to floods in the floodplain of Northern Italy, Weather Clim. Soc., 9, 717–737, 2017.
Roder, G., Hudson, P., Tarolli, P.: Flood risk perceptions and the
willingness to pay for flood insurance in the Veneto region of Italy, Int. J.
Dis. Risk Re., 37, 101172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101172, 2019.
Romanescu, G., Jora, I., and Stoleriu, C.: The most important high floods in
Vaslui river basin – causes and consequences, Carpath, J. Earth Env. Sci.,
6, 119–132, 2011a.
Romanescu, G., Stoleriu, C., and Romanescu, A. M.: Water reservoirs and the risk
of accidental flood occurrence. Case study: Stânca–Costești reservoir
and the historical floods of the Prut river in the period July–August 2008,
Romania, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2056–2070, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7957,
2011b.
Romanescu, G.: Floods characteristics to the Prut river (Romania), Riscuri
și catastrofe, 16, 73–86, 2015.
Romanescu, G., Cimpianu, C. I., Mihu-Pintilie, A., and Stoleriu, C. C.:
Historic floods events in NE Romania (post-1990), J. Maps, 13, 787–798,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2017.1383944, 2017.
Romanian Government: Codul administrativ – Atribuțiile primarului,
Monitorul Oficial, 555, 1, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gm2dcnrygm3q/atributiile-primarului-codul-administrativ?dp=gi4tcojwha4teoi, last access:
5 July 2019 (in Romanian).
Romanian Government: Statutul pentru organizarea și funcționarea Bisericii
Ortodoxe Române, Monitorul Oficial, 97, 1, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gezdamrrge/statutul-pentru-organizarea-si-functionarea-bisericii-ortodoxe-romane-din-16012008,
last access: 10 February 2020 (in Romanian).
Romanian Government: Emergency Ordinance 68/2020 for modification and
completion of legislation regarding emergency situation management and civil
protection, available at: http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/225585,
last access: 9 January 2021.
Romanian Parliament: Legea nr. 218 din 23 aprilie 2002 (*republicată*), privind organizarea și funcționarea Poliției Române, Monitorul Oficial, 170, available at: http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/35841, last access: 2 March 2020 (in Romanian).
Rotaru, A. and Răileanu, P.: Alunecarea de teren de la Pârcovaci,
Județul Iași [Pârcovaci landslide, Iași County], International PIARC
Seminar on ”Managing Operational Risk on Roads” Iași, Romania 5–7 November
2009, 1–6, 2009 (in Romanian).
Rufat, S., Fekete, A., Armaș, I., Hartmann, T., Kuhlicke, C., Prior, T.,
Thaler, T., and Wisner, B.: Swimming alone? Why linking flood risk
perception and behavior requires more, WIREs Water, 7, e1462, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1462, 2020.
Saldaña-Zorrilla, S. O.: Stakeholders' views in reducing rural
vulnerability to natural disasters in Southern Mexico: Hazard exposure and
coping and adaptive capacity, Global Environ. Chang., 18, 583–597,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.004, 2008.
Salvati, P., Bianchi, C., Fiorucci, F., Giostrella, P., Marchesini, I., and Guzzetti, F.: Perception of flood and landslide risk in Italy: a preliminary analysis, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2589–2603, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2589-2014, 2014.
Scheuer, S. and Haase, D.: Operationalizing expert knowledge and stakeholder
preferences in integrated natural hazard risk assessment, Int. Congress on
Environmental Modelling and Software, 6, available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference/2012/Stream-B/6 (last
access: 12 October 2020), 2012.
Schmidt, M.: Investigating risk perception: a short introduction, in: Loss
of Agro-Biodiversity in Vavilov Centers, With a Special Focus of Genetically
Modified Organisms (GMOs), PhD thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna, 2004.
Schneiderbauer, S., Fontanella Pisa, P., Delves, J. L., Pedoth, L., Rufat,
S., Erschbamer, M., Thaler, T., Carnelli, F., and Granados-Chahing, S.: Risk perception of climate change and natural hazards in global
mountain regions: A critical review, Sci. Total Environ., 784, 146957,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146957, 2021.
Scolobig, A.: Stakeholder perspectives on barriers to landslide risk
governance, Nat. Hazards, 81, 27–43,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1787-6, 2016.
Siegrist, M. and Gutscher, H.: Natural hazards and motivation for mitigation
behaviour: People cannot predict the affect evoked by a severe flood, Risk
Anal., 28, 771–778, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01049.x, 2008.
Sjöberg, L.: Factors in risk perception, Risk Anal., 20, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.00001, 2000.
Slovic, P.: Perception of Risk, Science, 236, 280–285,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507, 1987.
Slovic, P.: Perceived risk, trust, and democracy, Risk Anal., 13, 675–682,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01329.x,1993.
Sparrevik, M., Ellen, G. J., and Duijn, M.: Evaluation of Factors Affecting
Stakeholder Risk Perception of Contaminated Sediment Disposal in Oslo
Harbor, Environ Sci. Technol., 45, 118–124,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es100444t, 2011.
Spinoni, J., Naumann, G., Voght, J. V., and Barbosa, P.: The biggest drought
events in Europe from 1950 to 2012, J. Hydrol., 3, 509–524, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.01.001, 2015.
Stagge, J. H., Rizzi, J., Tallaksen, L. M., and Stahl, K.: Future
meteorological drought: Projections of regional climate models for Europe,
Drought R&SPI Technical Report No. 25, Oslo, 19 pp., 2015.
Stevens, S. S.: Measurement, statistics and the schemapiric view, Science,
161, 849–856, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3844.849, 849–856, 1968.
Stoleriu, O.-M.: Evoluția uman-geografică și urbanistică a orașului Iași în perioada postbelică [Human-geographic and urbanistic
evolution of Iași city in the postbelic period], Edit. Terra Nostra, Iași, 2008 (in Romanian).
Straja, S. R., Love, B. R., and Moghissi, A. A.: Assessment of stakeholders'
trust in governmental decisions-making regarding environmental problems,
Int. J. Environ. Heal., 2, 239–357,
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENVH.2008.020667, 2008.
Strand, L. B., Tong, S., Aird, R., and McRae, D.: Vulnerability of
eco-environmental health to climate change: the views of government
stakeholders and other specialists in Queensland, Australia, BMC Public
Health, 10, 441, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-441, 2010.
Šūmane, S., Kunda, I., Knickel, K., Strauss, A., Tisenkopfs, T., des
los Rios, I., Rivera, M., Chebach, T., and Ashkenazy, A.: Local and farmers'
knowledge matters! How integrating informal and formal knowledge enhances
sustainable and resilient agriculture, J. Rural Stud., 59, 232–241,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.01.020, 2018.
Tufescu, V.: Inundațiile Bahluiului [Bahlui floodings], Revista Stiințifică Vasile Adamachi, 21, 99–103, 1935 (in Romanian).
UNDRR: Human cost of disasters. An overview of the last 20 years
(2000–2019), available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Human Cost of Disasters 2000-2019.pdf, last access: 19 January 2021.
Văculișteanu, G., Niculiță, M., and Mărgărint, M. C.: Natural
hazards and their impact on rural settlements in NE Romania – A
cartographical approach, Open Geosci., 11, 765–782,
https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0060, 2019.
van der Linden, S.: On the relationship between personal experience, affect and risk perception: The case of climate change, European Journal of Social Psychology, Eur. J. Soc. Psychol., 44, 430–440, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2008, 2014.
van Valkengoed, A. M. and Steg, L.: Meta-analyses of factors motivating
climate change adaptation behaviour, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 158–163, 2019.
Van Well, L., van der Keur, P., Harjanne, A., Pagneux, E., Perrels, A., and
Henriksen, H. J.: Resilience to natural hazards: An analysis of territorial
governance in the Nordic countries, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 31,
1283–1294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.01.005, 2018.
van Westen, C. J., Hazarika, M., and Nashrrullah, S.: ICT for Disaster Risk Management: The Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders. Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (APCICT/ESCAP), 138 pp., available at: https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/ict-for-disaster-risk-management-the-academy-of-ict-essentials-fo (last access: 24 January 2021), 2020.
Vanneuville, W., Mzsiak, J., Füssel, H.-M., Kurnik, B., Kendrovski, V.,
Semenya, J. C., Suk, J. E., Olesen, J. E., Niemeyer, S., Ceglar, A., Roggero,
P. P., Lehtonene, H., Schönhart, M., Kipling, R., Vogt, J., Spinoni, J.,
Perrels, A., Crawford-Brown, D., Kiviluoma, J., Aparicio, A., Georgi, B.,
Leitner, M., Bigano, A., Perrels, A., and Prettenthaler, F.: Climate change
impacts on society, in: Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe
2016. An indicator-based report, European Environment Agency
Report 1, 189–266, https://doi.org/10.2800/534806, 2017.
Vousdoukas, M. I., Mentaschi, L., Voukouvalas, E., Bianchi, A., Dottori, F.,
and Feyen, L.: Climatic and socioeconomic controls of future coastal flood
risk in Europe, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 776–780,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0260-4, 2018.
Walker, G., Tweed, F., and Whittle, R.: A framework for profiling the characteristics of risk governance in natural hazard contexts, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 155–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-155-2014, 2014.
Weber, E. U.: Experience-Based and Description-Based Perceptions of Long-Term
Risk: Why Global Warming does not Scare us (Yet), Climatic Change, 77,
103–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9060-3, 2006.
Wilson, G. A.: Assessing the environmental impact of the environmentally
sensitive areas scheme: a case for using farmers' environmental knowledge?,
Landscape Res., 22, 303–326, https://doi.org/10.1080/01426399708706517,
1997.
World Health Organization (WHO): COVID-19 Strategy Update, available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/covid-19-strategy-update---14-april-2020 (last access: 24 January 2021), 2020.
Zhao, D., McCoy, A. P., Kleiner, B. M., Mills, T. H., and Lingard, H.:
Stakeholder perceptions of risk in construction, Safety Sci., 82, 111–119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.09.002, 2016.
Zhou, L., Wu, X., Xu, Z., and Fujita, H.: Emergency decision making for
natural disasters: An overview, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re. 27, 567–576,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.037, 2018.
Ziarul de Iași: Starea de alerta se mentine in zona Prutului,
https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/local/starea-de-alerta-se-mentine-in-zona-prutului~ni4srt (last access: 24 January 2021), 2008.
Short summary
Local stakeholders' knowledge plays a deciding role in emergencies, supporting rescue officers in natural hazard events; coordinating; and assisting, both physically and psychologically, the affected populations. Their risk perception was assessed using a questionnaire for an area in north-eastern Romania. The results show low preparedness and reveal substantial distinctions among stakeholders and different risks based on their cognitive and behavioral roles in their communities.
Local stakeholders' knowledge plays a deciding role in emergencies, supporting rescue officers...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint