Are sirens effective tools to alert the population in France?

Douvinet, Johnny; Serra-Llobet, Anna; Bopp, Esteban; Kondolf, G. Mathias

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2899-2021

Articles | Volume 21, issue 10

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Articles | Volume 21, issue 10

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2899-2021

Articles | Volume 21, issue 10

Article
Peer review
Metrics
Related articles

Research article

30 Sep 2021

Research article |

| 30 Sep 2021

Are sirens effective tools to alert the population in France?

Johnny Douvinet, Anna Serra-Llobet, Esteban Bopp, and G. Mathias Kondolf

Johnny Douvinet

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

johnny.douvinet@univ-avignon.fr

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2434-1999

UMR ESPACE 7300 CNRS, University of Avignon, Avignon, 84000, France

FR 2625 CNRS, Agorantic (Culture, numerical societies and landscape), Avignon, 84000, France

Anna Serra-Llobet

Institute of International Studies, University of California Berkeley, 215 Moses Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Center for Catastrophic Risk Management, University of California Berkeley, 820 Social Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Esteban Bopp

UMR ESPACE 7300 CNRS, University of Avignon, Avignon, 84000, France

G. Mathias Kondolf

Department of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning, University of California Berkeley, 202 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Viewed

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

Total article views: 3,705 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,531	1,065	109	3,705	107	120

HTML: 2,531
PDF: 1,065
XML: 109
Total: 3,705
BibTeX: 107
EndNote: 120

Views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2020)

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2020)

Total article views: 2,847 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,152	606	89	2,847	80	90

HTML: 2,152
PDF: 606
XML: 89
Total: 2,847
BibTeX: 80
EndNote: 90

Views and downloads (calculated since 30 Sep 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2021	39	10	0	49
Oct 2021	219	44	4	267
Nov 2021	64	12	1	77
Dec 2021	51	19	1	71
Jan 2022	53	15	4	72
Feb 2022	37	5	3	45
Mar 2022	55	12	1	68
Apr 2022	44	10	1	55
May 2022	44	12	2	58
Jun 2022	36	5	1	42
Jul 2022	26	4	1	31
Aug 2022	84	7	0	91
Sep 2022	51	11	1	63
Oct 2022	61	18	3	82
Nov 2022	62	23	2	87
Dec 2022	37	11	1	49
Jan 2023	23	16	0	39
Feb 2023	35	19	0	54
Mar 2023	37	14	0	51
Apr 2023	23	16	0	39
May 2023	40	10	4	54
Jun 2023	26	9	1	36
Jul 2023	23	18	2	43
Aug 2023	31	18	2	51
Sep 2023	52	16	0	68
Oct 2023	52	14	0	66
Nov 2023	28	8	1	37
Dec 2023	36	17	5	58
Jan 2024	46	10	2	58
Feb 2024	36	11	4	51
Mar 2024	38	19	1	58
Apr 2024	32	4	3	39
May 2024	42	8	1	51
Jun 2024	64	14	2	80
Jul 2024	42	5	9	56
Aug 2024	35	7	12	54
Sep 2024	35	9	5	49
Oct 2024	34	9	1	44
Nov 2024	25	6	1	32
Dec 2024	34	10	0	44
Jan 2025	38	6	0	44
Feb 2025	41	8	1	50
Mar 2025	32	12	0	44
Apr 2025	30	8	0	38
May 2025	59	5	2	66
Jun 2025	51	22	2	75
Jul 2025	43	36	2	81
Aug 2025	26	4	0	30

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Sep 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2021	39	10	0	49
Oct 2021	219	44	4	267
Nov 2021	64	12	1	77
Dec 2021	51	19	1	71
Jan 2022	53	15	4	72
Feb 2022	37	5	3	45
Mar 2022	55	12	1	68
Apr 2022	44	10	1	55
May 2022	44	12	2	58
Jun 2022	36	5	1	42
Jul 2022	26	4	1	31
Aug 2022	84	7	0	91
Sep 2022	51	11	1	63
Oct 2022	61	18	3	82
Nov 2022	62	23	2	87
Dec 2022	37	11	1	49
Jan 2023	23	16	0	39
Feb 2023	35	19	0	54
Mar 2023	37	14	0	51
Apr 2023	23	16	0	39
May 2023	40	10	4	54
Jun 2023	26	9	1	36
Jul 2023	23	18	2	43
Aug 2023	31	18	2	51
Sep 2023	52	16	0	68
Oct 2023	52	14	0	66
Nov 2023	28	8	1	37
Dec 2023	36	17	5	58
Jan 2024	46	10	2	58
Feb 2024	36	11	4	51
Mar 2024	38	19	1	58
Apr 2024	32	4	3	39
May 2024	42	8	1	51
Jun 2024	64	14	2	80
Jul 2024	42	5	9	56
Aug 2024	35	7	12	54
Sep 2024	35	9	5	49
Oct 2024	34	9	1	44
Nov 2024	25	6	1	32
Dec 2024	34	10	0	44
Jan 2025	38	6	0	44
Feb 2025	41	8	1	50
Mar 2025	32	12	0	44
Apr 2025	30	8	0	38
May 2025	59	5	2	66
Jun 2025	51	22	2	75
Jul 2025	43	36	2	81
Aug 2025	26	4	0	30

Total article views: 858 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
379	459	20	858	27	30

HTML: 379
PDF: 459
XML: 20
Total: 858
BibTeX: 27
EndNote: 30

Views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2020)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2021	39	10	0	49
Oct 2021	219	44	4	267
Nov 2021	64	12	1	77
Dec 2021	51	19	1	71
Jan 2022	53	15	4	72
Feb 2022	37	5	3	45
Mar 2022	55	12	1	68
Apr 2022	44	10	1	55
May 2022	44	12	2	58
Jun 2022	36	5	1	42
Jul 2022	26	4	1	31
Aug 2022	84	7	0	91
Sep 2022	51	11	1	63
Oct 2022	61	18	3	82
Nov 2022	62	23	2	87
Dec 2022	37	11	1	49
Jan 2023	23	16	0	39
Feb 2023	35	19	0	54
Mar 2023	37	14	0	51
Apr 2023	23	16	0	39
May 2023	40	10	4	54
Jun 2023	26	9	1	36
Jul 2023	23	18	2	43
Aug 2023	31	18	2	51
Sep 2023	52	16	0	68
Oct 2023	52	14	0	66
Nov 2023	28	8	1	37
Dec 2023	36	17	5	58
Jan 2024	46	10	2	58
Feb 2024	36	11	4	51
Mar 2024	38	19	1	58
Apr 2024	32	4	3	39
May 2024	42	8	1	51
Jun 2024	64	14	2	80
Jul 2024	42	5	9	56
Aug 2024	35	7	12	54
Sep 2024	35	9	5	49
Oct 2024	34	9	1	44
Nov 2024	25	6	1	32
Dec 2024	34	10	0	44
Jan 2025	38	6	0	44
Feb 2025	41	8	1	50
Mar 2025	32	12	0	44
Apr 2025	30	8	0	38
May 2025	59	5	2	66
Jun 2025	51	22	2	75
Jul 2025	43	36	2	81
Aug 2025	26	4	0	30

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2020)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2021	39	10	0	49
Oct 2021	219	44	4	267
Nov 2021	64	12	1	77
Dec 2021	51	19	1	71
Jan 2022	53	15	4	72
Feb 2022	37	5	3	45
Mar 2022	55	12	1	68
Apr 2022	44	10	1	55
May 2022	44	12	2	58
Jun 2022	36	5	1	42
Jul 2022	26	4	1	31
Aug 2022	84	7	0	91
Sep 2022	51	11	1	63
Oct 2022	61	18	3	82
Nov 2022	62	23	2	87
Dec 2022	37	11	1	49
Jan 2023	23	16	0	39
Feb 2023	35	19	0	54
Mar 2023	37	14	0	51
Apr 2023	23	16	0	39
May 2023	40	10	4	54
Jun 2023	26	9	1	36
Jul 2023	23	18	2	43
Aug 2023	31	18	2	51
Sep 2023	52	16	0	68
Oct 2023	52	14	0	66
Nov 2023	28	8	1	37
Dec 2023	36	17	5	58
Jan 2024	46	10	2	58
Feb 2024	36	11	4	51
Mar 2024	38	19	1	58
Apr 2024	32	4	3	39
May 2024	42	8	1	51
Jun 2024	64	14	2	80
Jul 2024	42	5	9	56
Aug 2024	35	7	12	54
Sep 2024	35	9	5	49
Oct 2024	34	9	1	44
Nov 2024	25	6	1	32
Dec 2024	34	10	0	44
Jan 2025	38	6	0	44
Feb 2025	41	8	1	50
Mar 2025	32	12	0	44
Apr 2025	30	8	0	38
May 2025	59	5	2	66
Jun 2025	51	22	2	75
Jul 2025	43	36	2	81
Aug 2025	26	4	0	30

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

Total article views: 3,705 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 3,491 with geography defined and 214 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 2,847 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,699 with geography defined and 148 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 858 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 792 with geography defined and 66 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	1254	33
France	2	382	10
Germany	3	296	7
China	4	261	7
Netherlands	5	89	2

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	951	33
France	2	272	9
China	3	236	8
Germany	4	201	7
Netherlands	5	73	2

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	303	35
France	2	110	12
Germany	3	95	11
China	4	25	2
United Kingdom	5	24	2


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

1
1254

1254


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

951


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

303

Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

12 citations as recorded by crossref.

Modeling and Analysis of the Impact of Risk Culture on Human Behavior during a Catastrophic Event V. Lanza et al. 10.3390/su151411063
Safe City: A Study of Channels for Public Warnings for Emergency Communication in Finland, Germany, and Greece S. Yli-Kauhaluoma et al. 10.3390/mti7100094
Mayotte se prépare au risque tsunami : modélisations, alerte, évacuation, sensibilisation F. Leone et al. 10.4000/echogeo.25078
Tsunami hazard perception and knowledge of alert: early findings in five municipalities along the French Mediterranean coastlines J. Douvinet et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-715-2024
Saisir les comportements humains en situation de catastrophes : proposition d’une démarche méthodologique immersive D. Provitolo et al. 10.4000/cybergeo.39495
Case study on the audibility of siren-driven alert systems J. Siliézar et al. 10.1515/noise-2022-0165
Estimation of Acting Factor in Stress from Motorbike Sounds A. Pareniuk & D. Pareniuk 10.20535/2523-4455.mea.303514
Оцінювання впливу систем оповіщення про надзвичайні ситуації на поведінку окремих груп населення М. Євланов et al. 10.30748/soi.2023.174.04
Alerting people prioritising territories over technologies. A design framework for local decision makers in France E. Bopp & J. Douvinet 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102769
The impact of rural loudspeaker systems on typhoon disasters: Guangdong Province of China Y. Song & C. Li 10.3389/feart.2023.1280132
Case study on the audibility of siren-driven alert systems J. Siliézar et al. 10.1515/noise-2022-0165
Assessment of Taiwan Public Warning Cell Broadcast Service: Insights from an Expert Focus Group and Citizens W. Wu et al. 10.37808/paq.46.4.6

10 citations as recorded by crossref.

Modeling and Analysis of the Impact of Risk Culture on Human Behavior during a Catastrophic Event V. Lanza et al. 10.3390/su151411063
Safe City: A Study of Channels for Public Warnings for Emergency Communication in Finland, Germany, and Greece S. Yli-Kauhaluoma et al. 10.3390/mti7100094
Mayotte se prépare au risque tsunami : modélisations, alerte, évacuation, sensibilisation F. Leone et al. 10.4000/echogeo.25078
Tsunami hazard perception and knowledge of alert: early findings in five municipalities along the French Mediterranean coastlines J. Douvinet et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-715-2024
Saisir les comportements humains en situation de catastrophes : proposition d’une démarche méthodologique immersive D. Provitolo et al. 10.4000/cybergeo.39495
Case study on the audibility of siren-driven alert systems J. Siliézar et al. 10.1515/noise-2022-0165
Estimation of Acting Factor in Stress from Motorbike Sounds A. Pareniuk & D. Pareniuk 10.20535/2523-4455.mea.303514
Оцінювання впливу систем оповіщення про надзвичайні ситуації на поведінку окремих груп населення М. Євланов et al. 10.30748/soi.2023.174.04
Alerting people prioritising territories over technologies. A design framework for local decision makers in France E. Bopp & J. Douvinet 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102769
The impact of rural loudspeaker systems on typhoon disasters: Guangdong Province of China Y. Song & C. Li 10.3389/feart.2023.1280132

2 citations as recorded by crossref.

Case study on the audibility of siren-driven alert systems J. Siliézar et al. 10.1515/noise-2022-0165
Assessment of Taiwan Public Warning Cell Broadcast Service: Insights from an Expert Focus Group and Citizens W. Wu et al. 10.37808/paq.46.4.6

Latest update: 13 Aug 2025

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Short summary

This study proposes to combine results of research regarding the spatial inequalities due to the siren coverage, the political dilemma of siren activation, and the social problem of siren awareness and trust for people in France. Surveys were conducted using a range of complementary methods (GIS analysis, statistical analysis, questionnaires, interviews) through different scales. Results show that siren coverage in France is often determined by population density but not risks or disasters.

This study proposes to combine results of research regarding the spatial inequalities due to the...

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