Articles | Volume 19, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-369-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-369-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Feb 2019
Research article |
| 15 Feb 2019
| 15 Feb 2019
The Lituya Bay landslide-generated mega-tsunami – numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis
José Manuel González-Vida
Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada, ETSII, Universidad de Málaga,
29080, Málaga, Spain
Dpto. de Análisis Matemático, Estadístice e Invetigación Operativa y Matemática Aplicada,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29080, Málaga,
Spain
Manuel Jesús Castro
Dpto. de Análisis Matemático, Estadístice e Invetigación Operativa y Matemática Aplicada,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29080, Málaga,
Spain
Carlos Sánchez-Linares
Dpto. de Análisis Matemático, Estadístice e Invetigación Operativa y Matemática Aplicada,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29080, Málaga,
Spain
Marc de la Asunción
Dpto. de Análisis Matemático, Estadístice e Invetigación Operativa y Matemática Aplicada,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29080, Málaga,
Spain
Sergio Ortega-Acosta
Unit of Numerical Methods, SCAI, Universidad de Málaga,
29080, Málaga, Spain
Diego Arcas
NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory (PMEL), Seattle, WA, USA
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Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Numerical Simulation of the Attack of Landslide-Generated Waves on a Vertical Wall F. Zheng & Y. Hu 10.1007/s13344-025-0009-6
- Numerical analysis of landslide-induced waves in rock slopes with a random discrete fracture network based on an improved SPH–DEM coupling method H. Kou et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121374
- Seismic observations, numerical modeling, and geomorphic analysis of a glacier lake outburst flood in the Himalayas J. Maurer et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba3645
- A simplified approach for efficiently simulating submarine slump generated tsunamis P. Lo & P. Liu 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104343
- Multisource Bayesian Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Gulf of Naples (Italy) A. Grezio et al. 10.1029/2019JC015373
- Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: High Performance Computing for Massive Scale Inundation Simulations S. Gibbons et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.591549
- Offshore Geological Hazards: Charting the Course of Progress and Future Directions G. Ercilla et al. 10.3390/oceans2020023
- A Non-Hydrostatic Model for Simulating Weakly Dispersive Landslide-Generated Waves D. Tarwidi et al. 10.3390/w15040652
- A two-layer model for landslide generated impulse wave: Simulation of the 1958 Lituya bay landslide impact wave from generation to long–duration transport Q. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103989
- Influence of bends in mountain reservoir rivers on the propagation of impulse waves generated by landslides Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108114
- Triggers and consequences of landslide-induced impulse waves – 3D dynamic reconstruction of the Taan Fiord 2015 tsunami event A. Franco et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106384
- A 3D numerical simulation-based methodology for assessment of landslide-generated impulse waves: a case study of the Tersun Dam reservoir (NE Turkey) M. Karahan et al. 10.1007/s10346-020-01440-4
- Numerical simulation of submarine landslides and generated tsunamis: application to the on-going Mayotte seismo-volcanic crisis P. Poulain et al. 10.5802/crgeos.138
- Numerical investigation of a potential landslide-induced tsunami at the Suofengying reservoir in China L. Kafle et al. 10.1007/s10346-024-02217-9
- Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide-generated tsunamis – Part 1: Rigid slides J. Macías et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-775-2021
- Numerical estimation of river blockage and the whole lifecycle of landslide-generated impulse waves in mountain reservoirs using a hybrid DEM-SPH and SWEs method H. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108022
- Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves based on multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics method with a case study of Wangjiashan landslide Y. Li et al. 10.1007/s12665-024-12036-9
- The effects of dispersion and non-linearity on the simulation of landslide-generated waves using the reduced two-layer non-hydrostatic model D. Tarwidi et al. 10.1007/s10596-023-10262-x
- Numerical Investigation of Surge Waves Generated by Submarine Debris Flows Z. Dai et al. 10.3390/w13162276
- Development of a global earthquake-landslide-tsunami cascade database and analysis of cascading mechanisms P. Du et al. 10.1360/TB-2024-0994
- Ocean Observations Required to Minimize Uncertainty in Global Tsunami Forecasts, Warnings, and Emergency Response M. Angove et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00350
- Validation and inter-comparison of models for landslide tsunami generation J. Kirby et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101943
- Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide-generated tsunamis – Part 2: Granular slides J. Macías et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-791-2021
- Probabilistic analysis of impulse waves generated by large deposits in mountain reservoirs H. Wang et al. 10.1063/5.0266636
- Simulation of tsunami induced by a submarine landslide in a glaciomarine margin: the case of Storfjorden LS-1 (southwestern Svalbard Islands) M. Pedrosa-González et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3839-2022
- Earthquake-induced Submarine Landslides (EQISLs) and a comparison with their Terrestrial Counterparts: Insights from a New Database P. Du et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105021
- The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D A. Franco et al. 10.5194/nhess-20-2255-2020
- Agent-based modelling of evacuation scenarios for a landslide-generated tsunami in Milford Sound, New Zealand O. Harris et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104847
- Landslide-tsunami prediction in narrow reservoirs involving reflection J. Liu et al. 10.1007/s11069-022-05649-5
- The Orphan Tsunami of 1524 on the Konkan Coast, Western India, and Its Implications C. Rajendran et al. 10.1007/s00024-020-02575-0
- A numerical method of combined SPF-MEM-LBM on the rockfall-induced surge and its application Q. Meng et al. 10.1007/s11629-021-6943-8
- Modeling Tsunamis Generated by Submarine Landslides at Stromboli Volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): A Numerical Benchmark Study T. Esposti Ongaro et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.628652
- Performance and limits of a shallow-water model for landslide-generated tsunamis: from laboratory experiments to simulations of flank collapses at Montagne Pelée (Martinique) P. Poulain et al. 10.1093/gji/ggac482
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Numerical Simulation of the Attack of Landslide-Generated Waves on a Vertical Wall F. Zheng & Y. Hu 10.1007/s13344-025-0009-6
- Numerical analysis of landslide-induced waves in rock slopes with a random discrete fracture network based on an improved SPH–DEM coupling method H. Kou et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121374
- Seismic observations, numerical modeling, and geomorphic analysis of a glacier lake outburst flood in the Himalayas J. Maurer et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba3645
- A simplified approach for efficiently simulating submarine slump generated tsunamis P. Lo & P. Liu 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104343
- Multisource Bayesian Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Gulf of Naples (Italy) A. Grezio et al. 10.1029/2019JC015373
- Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: High Performance Computing for Massive Scale Inundation Simulations S. Gibbons et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.591549
- Offshore Geological Hazards: Charting the Course of Progress and Future Directions G. Ercilla et al. 10.3390/oceans2020023
- A Non-Hydrostatic Model for Simulating Weakly Dispersive Landslide-Generated Waves D. Tarwidi et al. 10.3390/w15040652
- A two-layer model for landslide generated impulse wave: Simulation of the 1958 Lituya bay landslide impact wave from generation to long–duration transport Q. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103989
- Influence of bends in mountain reservoir rivers on the propagation of impulse waves generated by landslides Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108114
- Triggers and consequences of landslide-induced impulse waves – 3D dynamic reconstruction of the Taan Fiord 2015 tsunami event A. Franco et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106384
- A 3D numerical simulation-based methodology for assessment of landslide-generated impulse waves: a case study of the Tersun Dam reservoir (NE Turkey) M. Karahan et al. 10.1007/s10346-020-01440-4
- Numerical simulation of submarine landslides and generated tsunamis: application to the on-going Mayotte seismo-volcanic crisis P. Poulain et al. 10.5802/crgeos.138
- Numerical investigation of a potential landslide-induced tsunami at the Suofengying reservoir in China L. Kafle et al. 10.1007/s10346-024-02217-9
- Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide-generated tsunamis – Part 1: Rigid slides J. Macías et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-775-2021
- Numerical estimation of river blockage and the whole lifecycle of landslide-generated impulse waves in mountain reservoirs using a hybrid DEM-SPH and SWEs method H. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108022
- Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves based on multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics method with a case study of Wangjiashan landslide Y. Li et al. 10.1007/s12665-024-12036-9
- The effects of dispersion and non-linearity on the simulation of landslide-generated waves using the reduced two-layer non-hydrostatic model D. Tarwidi et al. 10.1007/s10596-023-10262-x
- Numerical Investigation of Surge Waves Generated by Submarine Debris Flows Z. Dai et al. 10.3390/w13162276
- Development of a global earthquake-landslide-tsunami cascade database and analysis of cascading mechanisms P. Du et al. 10.1360/TB-2024-0994
- Ocean Observations Required to Minimize Uncertainty in Global Tsunami Forecasts, Warnings, and Emergency Response M. Angove et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00350
- Validation and inter-comparison of models for landslide tsunami generation J. Kirby et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101943
- Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide-generated tsunamis – Part 2: Granular slides J. Macías et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-791-2021
- Probabilistic analysis of impulse waves generated by large deposits in mountain reservoirs H. Wang et al. 10.1063/5.0266636
- Simulation of tsunami induced by a submarine landslide in a glaciomarine margin: the case of Storfjorden LS-1 (southwestern Svalbard Islands) M. Pedrosa-González et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3839-2022
- Earthquake-induced Submarine Landslides (EQISLs) and a comparison with their Terrestrial Counterparts: Insights from a New Database P. Du et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105021
- The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D A. Franco et al. 10.5194/nhess-20-2255-2020
- Agent-based modelling of evacuation scenarios for a landslide-generated tsunami in Milford Sound, New Zealand O. Harris et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104847
- Landslide-tsunami prediction in narrow reservoirs involving reflection J. Liu et al. 10.1007/s11069-022-05649-5
- The Orphan Tsunami of 1524 on the Konkan Coast, Western India, and Its Implications C. Rajendran et al. 10.1007/s00024-020-02575-0
- A numerical method of combined SPF-MEM-LBM on the rockfall-induced surge and its application Q. Meng et al. 10.1007/s11629-021-6943-8
- Modeling Tsunamis Generated by Submarine Landslides at Stromboli Volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): A Numerical Benchmark Study T. Esposti Ongaro et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.628652
Discussed (final revised paper)
Discussed (preprint)
Latest update: 31 Jul 2025
Short summary
In 1958, at Lituya Bay in Alaska, the largest tsunami wave ever recorded took place. Since then, its numerical simulation has been a challenge and no numerical model has been able to reproduce, in the real geometry of the bay, the more than 200 m wave and the extreme run-up (climbing of the water up on land) of 524 m. The aim of our research, in the framework of a collaboration between the University of Malága (Spain) and NOAA (US), was to fulfil this gap at the same time as verifying our model.
In 1958, at Lituya Bay in Alaska, the largest tsunami wave ever recorded took place. Since then,...
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