Effect of extreme El Niño events on the precipitation of Ecuador
Dirk R. Thielen,Paolo Ramoni-Perazzi,Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma,Mary L. Puche,Marco Marquez,José I. Quintero,Wilmer Rojas,Alberto Quintero,Guillermo Bianchi,Irma A. Soto-Werschitz,and Marco Aurelio Arizapana-Almonacid
Progetto ManGrowth della Cooperazione Italiana (Sapienza – Eduardo
Mondlane), Maputo, Mozambique
Simulation and Modelling Center (CeSiMo), University of Los Andes,
Mérida 5101, Venezuela
Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma
Ecosystems Functioning and Climate Change Research Group FAGROCLIM,
Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Manabí
(UTM), Lodana 13132, Ecuador
Mary L. Puche
Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Climate, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Marco Marquez
Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Climate, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
José I. Quintero
Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Climate, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Wilmer Rojas
Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Climate, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Alberto Quintero
Institute of Biodiversity, Conservation and Natural Resources
Management, National Experimental University of Los Llanos “Ezequiel Zamora” (UNELLEZ), Barinas 5201, Venezuela
Center of Chemical Medicine, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific
Research (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Guillermo Bianchi
Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
Irma A. Soto-Werschitz
Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de
Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900,
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Marco Aurelio Arizapana-Almonacid
Research Group on Remote Sensing and Mountain Ecology, School of
Engineering and Environmental Management, National Autonomous University of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru
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Extreme El Niño events are unique in their strong impacts and differ from other El Niños. In Ecuador, extreme eastern Pacific El Niño and coastal El Niño generate dangerous precipitation anomalies, particularly in areas with a high natural seasonality index, steep terrain, and a close proximity to the coast. These findings can help develop effective strategies to reduce vulnerability to potential increases in extreme El Niño frequency and intensity.
Extreme El Niño events are unique in their strong impacts and differ from other El Niños. In...
