Robust uncertainty quantification of the volume of tsunami ionospheric holes for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake:  towards low-cost satellite-based tsunami warning systems

Kanai, Ryuichi; Kamogawa, Masashi; Nagao, Toshiyasu; Smith, Alan; Guillas, Serge

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-849-2022

Articles | Volume 22, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-849-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-849-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 3

Research article

|

15 Mar 2022

Research article |

| 15 Mar 2022

Robust uncertainty quantification of the volume of tsunami ionospheric holes for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: towards low-cost satellite-based tsunami warning systems

Ryuichi Kanai, Masashi Kamogawa, Toshiyasu Nagao, Alan Smith, and Serge Guillas

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-849-2022-supplement

Model code and software

L4 generation from RINEX observation data file and Satellite position calculation from RINEX orbit data file in Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed system K. Heki http://www.ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~heki/software.htm

RNXCMP software Y. Hatanaka https://terras.gsi.go.jp/ja/crx2rnx.html

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Short summary

The air pressure created by a tsunami causes a depression in the electron density in the ionosphere. The depression is measured at sparsely distributed, moving GPS satellite locations. We provide an estimate of the volume of the depression. When applied to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan, our method can warn of a tsunami event within 15 min of the earthquake, even when using only 5 % of the data. Thus satellite-based warnings could be implemented across the world with our approach.