Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3175-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3175-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 20 Oct 2021
| 20 Oct 2021
Flood–pedestrian simulator for modelling human response dynamics during flood-induced evacuation: Hillsborough stadium case study
Mohammad Shirvani
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of
Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Georges Kesserwani
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of
Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simplified flood evacuation simulation in outdoor built environments. Preliminary comparison between setup-based generic software and custom simulator E. Quagliarini et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103848
- Evacuation information methodology that combined a flooded environment and pedestrian behavioral model H. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104438
- Exploring the Complexity of Pedestrian Dynamics: Impact of Societal Behaviors and Personal Attributes in Urban Environments A. Rafe & P. Singleton 10.1177/03611981241260707
- Development of an agent-based model to improve emergency planning for floods and dam failures D. Lumbroso et al. 10.2166/hydro.2023.194
- Effects of building configuration and upstream buildings on pedestrian risk around ideal buildings in a floodwater–wind joint environment S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131865
- Effects of lift-up building design, building setback, and urban open space on pedestrian danger under the joint effect of floodwater and wind S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102215
- Assessing the impact of early warning and evacuation on human losses during the 2021 Ahr Valley flood in Germany using agent-based modelling A. Silva et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-1501-2025
- An overview of flood evacuation planning: Models, methods, and future directions C. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133026
- A two-way coupled CHANS model for flood emergency management, with a focus on temporary flood defences H. Qin et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106166
- Analysis of Inundation Flow Characteristics and Risk Assessment in a Subway Model Using Flow Simulations J. Shin et al. 10.3390/app14178096
- Sampling‐Based Methods for Uncertainty Propagation in Flood Modeling Under Multiple Uncertain Inputs: Finding Out the Most Efficient Choice M. Hajihassanpour et al. 10.1029/2022WR034011
- Exploring pedestrian movement characteristics during urban flooding: A micro-simulation approach D. Shi et al. 10.1142/S0129183124502267
- Automated discovery of candidate simulation models for steering behavior simulation H. Le & X. Hu 10.1177/00375497241309656
- A comparative study on pedestrian flow through bottlenecks between flood evacuation and land evacuation X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103822
- Modeling and simulation of crowd dynamics at evacuation bottlenecks during flood disasters D. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104064
- An agent-based model to simulate human responses to flash flood warnings for improving evacuation performance R. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130452
- Effects of urban-like intersections and urban squares on pedestrian risk in a floodwater–wind joint environment S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106560
- Development of a hazard risk map for assessing pedestrian risk in urban flash floods: A case study in Cúcuta, Colombia G. Corzo Perez et al. 10.1002/rvr2.78
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simplified flood evacuation simulation in outdoor built environments. Preliminary comparison between setup-based generic software and custom simulator E. Quagliarini et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103848
- Evacuation information methodology that combined a flooded environment and pedestrian behavioral model H. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104438
- Exploring the Complexity of Pedestrian Dynamics: Impact of Societal Behaviors and Personal Attributes in Urban Environments A. Rafe & P. Singleton 10.1177/03611981241260707
- Development of an agent-based model to improve emergency planning for floods and dam failures D. Lumbroso et al. 10.2166/hydro.2023.194
- Effects of building configuration and upstream buildings on pedestrian risk around ideal buildings in a floodwater–wind joint environment S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131865
- Effects of lift-up building design, building setback, and urban open space on pedestrian danger under the joint effect of floodwater and wind S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102215
- Assessing the impact of early warning and evacuation on human losses during the 2021 Ahr Valley flood in Germany using agent-based modelling A. Silva et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-1501-2025
- An overview of flood evacuation planning: Models, methods, and future directions C. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133026
- A two-way coupled CHANS model for flood emergency management, with a focus on temporary flood defences H. Qin et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106166
- Analysis of Inundation Flow Characteristics and Risk Assessment in a Subway Model Using Flow Simulations J. Shin et al. 10.3390/app14178096
- Sampling‐Based Methods for Uncertainty Propagation in Flood Modeling Under Multiple Uncertain Inputs: Finding Out the Most Efficient Choice M. Hajihassanpour et al. 10.1029/2022WR034011
- Exploring pedestrian movement characteristics during urban flooding: A micro-simulation approach D. Shi et al. 10.1142/S0129183124502267
- Automated discovery of candidate simulation models for steering behavior simulation H. Le & X. Hu 10.1177/00375497241309656
- A comparative study on pedestrian flow through bottlenecks between flood evacuation and land evacuation X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103822
- Modeling and simulation of crowd dynamics at evacuation bottlenecks during flood disasters D. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104064
- An agent-based model to simulate human responses to flash flood warnings for improving evacuation performance R. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130452
- Effects of urban-like intersections and urban squares on pedestrian risk in a floodwater–wind joint environment S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106560
- Development of a hazard risk map for assessing pedestrian risk in urban flash floods: A case study in Cúcuta, Colombia G. Corzo Perez et al. 10.1002/rvr2.78
Latest update: 10 Jul 2025
Short summary
Flooding in and around urban hubs can stress people. Immediate evacuation is a usual countermeasure taken at the onset of a flooding event. The flood–pedestrian simulator simulates evacuation of people prior to and during a flood event. It provides information on the spatio-temporal responses of individuals, evacuation time, and possible safe destinations. This study demonstrates the simulator when considering more realistic human body and age characteristics and responses to floodwater.
Flooding in and around urban hubs can stress people. Immediate evacuation is a usual...
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