Articles | Volume 21, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2523-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2523-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 25 Aug 2021
| 25 Aug 2021
Towards an efficient storm surge and inundation forecasting system over the Bengal delta: chasing the Supercyclone Amphan
Md. Jamal Uddin Khan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
LEGOS UMR5566, CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
Fabien Durand
LEGOS UMR5566, CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
Xavier Bertin
UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS – La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
Laurent Testut
LEGOS UMR5566, CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS – La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
Yann Krien
UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS – La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
currently at: SHOM (DOPS/STM/REC), Toulouse, France
A. K. M. Saiful Islam
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET),
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Marc Pezerat
UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS – La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
Sazzad Hossain
Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, BWDB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Viewed
Total article views: 5,068 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Oct 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,439 | 1,503 | 126 | 5,068 | 246 | 120 | 162 |
- HTML: 3,439
- PDF: 1,503
- XML: 126
- Total: 5,068
- Supplement: 246
- BibTeX: 120
- EndNote: 162
Total article views: 3,826 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Aug 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,784 | 929 | 113 | 3,826 | 246 | 97 | 138 |
- HTML: 2,784
- PDF: 929
- XML: 113
- Total: 3,826
- Supplement: 246
- BibTeX: 97
- EndNote: 138
Total article views: 1,242 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Oct 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 655 | 574 | 13 | 1,242 | 23 | 24 |
- HTML: 655
- PDF: 574
- XML: 13
- Total: 1,242
- BibTeX: 23
- EndNote: 24
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,068 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,720 with geography defined
and 348 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,826 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,605 with geography defined
and 221 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,242 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,115 with geography defined
and 127 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of wave setup and tide-surge interaction on storm surges in the Bay of Bengal V. Adithyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-07038-6
- A novel deep learning approach for typhoon-induced storm surge modeling through efficient emulation of wind and pressure fields I. Mulia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35093-9
- Projections of tropical cyclone-driven storm-tide risk to critical infrastructure in the Bay of Bengal C. Blakely et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00175-x
- Wave-induced mean currents and setup over barred and steep sandy beaches K. Martins et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2022.102110
- Research on and application of the operational storm surge ensemble forecast model in the Bay of Bengal Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103413
- Observed oceanic response to Tropical Cyclone Amphan (2020) from a subsurface mooring in the Bay of Bengal Y. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103148
- Present-day coastal subsidence and inundation risk to socioeconomic exposure in Chennai City, India A. Shastri & C. Ojha https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-48994-2
- Impact of Cyclone Yaas 2021 Aggravated by COVID-19 Pandemic in the Southwest Coastal Zone of Bangladesh R. Subhani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313324
- Influence of Grid Resolution and Assimilation Window Size on Simulating Storm Surge Levels X. Bi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071233
- Probabilistic assessment of tropical cyclone-induced storm surge hazards along the Bay of Bengal coast V. Adithyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08196-5
- Effects of tropical cyclone Amphan on the copepods of the Ganges estuary S. Paul et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2235591
- Dynamics of Yearly Maximum Water Levels in the Amazon Estuary P. Coulet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-025-01483-7
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07209-z
- Development of Storm Surge Inundation Model and Database for Enhanced Climate Services in Bangladesh A. Rezaie & A. Haque https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.887631
- Modeling nearshore wave and tidal hydrodynamics along the exposed coastline of Kuakata N. Sultana et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-025-01721-3
- High-Frequency Multi-Satellite Observations of Brahmaputra River Hydrology and Floodplain Dynamics F. Abdullah et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13020060
- Bangladesh's vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding A. Bernard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-729-2022
- Storm surge hazard over Bengal delta: a probabilistic–deterministic modelling approach M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2359-2022
- Understanding hazards: Probabilistic cyclone modelling for disaster risk to the Eastern Coast in Bangladesh B. Fakhruddin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100216
- Coastal vulnerability assessment of the western coastal zone of Bangladesh using a coupled surge-wave-hydrodynamic model M. Nujhat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107720
- Increased population exposure to Amphan‐scale cyclones under future climates D. Mitchell et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.36
- Novel optimized deep learning algorithms and explainable artificial intelligence for storm surge susceptibility modeling and management in a flood-prone island M. Alshayeb et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06414-6
- From decades to years: Rising seas and cyclones amplify Bangladesh’s storm-tide hazards in a warming climate J. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101273
- Effectiveness and Cost‐Effectiveness of Ecosystem‐Based Disaster Risk Reduction Interventions in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review S. Malhotra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70083
- Modeling of impact assessment of super cyclone Amphan with machine learning algorithms in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India T. Nasrin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05935-w
- Impact assessment of very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) amphan over mangrove cover of indian part of sundarbans using geospatial techniques S. Chatterjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07314-z
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of wave setup and tide-surge interaction on storm surges in the Bay of Bengal V. Adithyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-07038-6
- A novel deep learning approach for typhoon-induced storm surge modeling through efficient emulation of wind and pressure fields I. Mulia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35093-9
- Projections of tropical cyclone-driven storm-tide risk to critical infrastructure in the Bay of Bengal C. Blakely et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00175-x
- Wave-induced mean currents and setup over barred and steep sandy beaches K. Martins et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2022.102110
- Research on and application of the operational storm surge ensemble forecast model in the Bay of Bengal Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103413
- Observed oceanic response to Tropical Cyclone Amphan (2020) from a subsurface mooring in the Bay of Bengal Y. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103148
- Present-day coastal subsidence and inundation risk to socioeconomic exposure in Chennai City, India A. Shastri & C. Ojha https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-48994-2
- Impact of Cyclone Yaas 2021 Aggravated by COVID-19 Pandemic in the Southwest Coastal Zone of Bangladesh R. Subhani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313324
- Influence of Grid Resolution and Assimilation Window Size on Simulating Storm Surge Levels X. Bi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071233
- Probabilistic assessment of tropical cyclone-induced storm surge hazards along the Bay of Bengal coast V. Adithyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08196-5
- Effects of tropical cyclone Amphan on the copepods of the Ganges estuary S. Paul et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2235591
- Dynamics of Yearly Maximum Water Levels in the Amazon Estuary P. Coulet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-025-01483-7
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07209-z
- Development of Storm Surge Inundation Model and Database for Enhanced Climate Services in Bangladesh A. Rezaie & A. Haque https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.887631
- Modeling nearshore wave and tidal hydrodynamics along the exposed coastline of Kuakata N. Sultana et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-025-01721-3
- High-Frequency Multi-Satellite Observations of Brahmaputra River Hydrology and Floodplain Dynamics F. Abdullah et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13020060
- Bangladesh's vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding A. Bernard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-729-2022
- Storm surge hazard over Bengal delta: a probabilistic–deterministic modelling approach M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2359-2022
- Understanding hazards: Probabilistic cyclone modelling for disaster risk to the Eastern Coast in Bangladesh B. Fakhruddin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100216
- Coastal vulnerability assessment of the western coastal zone of Bangladesh using a coupled surge-wave-hydrodynamic model M. Nujhat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107720
- Increased population exposure to Amphan‐scale cyclones under future climates D. Mitchell et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.36
- Novel optimized deep learning algorithms and explainable artificial intelligence for storm surge susceptibility modeling and management in a flood-prone island M. Alshayeb et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06414-6
- From decades to years: Rising seas and cyclones amplify Bangladesh’s storm-tide hazards in a warming climate J. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101273
- Effectiveness and Cost‐Effectiveness of Ecosystem‐Based Disaster Risk Reduction Interventions in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review S. Malhotra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70083
- Modeling of impact assessment of super cyclone Amphan with machine learning algorithms in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India T. Nasrin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05935-w
- Impact assessment of very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) amphan over mangrove cover of indian part of sundarbans using geospatial techniques S. Chatterjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07314-z
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
The Bay of Bengal is well known for some of the deadliest cyclones in history. At the same time, storm surge forecasting in this region is physically involved and computationally costly. Here we show a proof of concept of a real-time, computationally efficient, and physically consistent forecasting system with an application to the recent Supercyclone Amphan. While challenges remain, our study paves the path forward to the improvement of the quality of localized forecast and disaster management.
The Bay of Bengal is well known for some of the deadliest cyclones in history. At the same time,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint