The 21st century decline in damaging European windstorms

Dawkins, Laura C.; Stephenson, David B.; Lockwood, Julia F.; Maisey, Paul E.

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-1999-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 8

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1999-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Risk and uncertainty estimation in natural hazards

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1999-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 8

Research article

|

29 Aug 2016

Research article |

| 29 Aug 2016

The 21st century decline in damaging European windstorms

Laura C. Dawkins, David B. Stephenson, Julia F. Lockwood, and Paul E. Maisey

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Total article views: 4,205 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,231	1,750	224	4,205	166	187

HTML: 2,231
PDF: 1,750
XML: 224
Total: 4,205
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Views and downloads (calculated since 11 Apr 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2016	101	27	1	129
May 2016	59	25	0	84
Jun 2016	13	6	2	21
Jul 2016	19	3	0	22
Aug 2016	61	14	0	75
Sep 2016	69	24	1	94
Oct 2016	31	5	0	36
Nov 2016	9	5	1	15
Dec 2016	6	3	0	9
Jan 2017	21	18	0	39
Feb 2017	3	4	0	7
Mar 2017	18	10	0	28
Apr 2017	16	16	1	33
May 2017	24	18	0	42
Jun 2017	22	34	1	57
Jul 2017	18	23	0	41
Aug 2017	8	19	1	28
Sep 2017	12	28	1	41
Oct 2017	16	22	0	38
Nov 2017	8	19	0	27
Dec 2017	15	20	0	35
Jan 2018	17	14	3	34
Feb 2018	15	11	0	26
Mar 2018	11	13	2	26
Apr 2018	8	8	0	16
May 2018	15	10	1	26
Jun 2018	18	14	3	35
Jul 2018	12	10	1	23
Aug 2018	28	24	1	53
Sep 2018	33	28	2	63
Oct 2018	25	19	5	49
Nov 2018	20	18	0	38
Dec 2018	20	12	1	33
Jan 2019	11	19	1	31
Feb 2019	9	8	0	17
Mar 2019	10	13	1	24
Apr 2019	8	10	0	18
May 2019	5	11	0	16
Jun 2019	12	17	1	30
Jul 2019	7	13	0	20
Aug 2019	4	26	0	30
Sep 2019	5	44	0	49
Oct 2019	15	6	1	22
Nov 2019	8	9	2	19
Dec 2019	5	5	0	10
Jan 2020	19	40	2	61
Feb 2020	13	10	2	25
Mar 2020	6	8	0	14
Apr 2020	6	4	0	10
May 2020	9	11	0	20
Jun 2020	21	13	0	34
Jul 2020	22	31	9	62
Aug 2020	5	10	4	19
Sep 2020	16	10	2	28
Oct 2020	6	17	6	29
Nov 2020	8	11	4	23
Dec 2020	10	7	3	20
Jan 2021	18	11	4	33
Feb 2021	11	9	5	25
Mar 2021	7	6	2	15
Apr 2021	9	10	2	21
May 2021	7	12	6	25
Jun 2021	7	15	0	22
Jul 2021	9	8	0	17
Aug 2021	9	15	1	25
Sep 2021	13	12	3	28
Oct 2021	11	48	6	65
Nov 2021	12	56	6	74
Dec 2021	8	9	3	20
Jan 2022	14	20	2	36
Feb 2022	9	14	3	26
Mar 2022	12	16	1	29
Apr 2022	9	16	4	29
May 2022	8	13	5	26
Jun 2022	6	7	8	21
Jul 2022	11	8	6	25
Aug 2022	17	13	5	35
Sep 2022	9	9	7	25
Oct 2022	10	12	10	32
Nov 2022	13	11	3	27
Dec 2022	21	8	1	30
Jan 2023	14	14	3	31
Feb 2023	12	10	0	22
Mar 2023	25	16	0	41
Apr 2023	5	19	0	24
May 2023	30	24	6	60
Jun 2023	37	11	0	48
Jul 2023	8	10	1	19
Aug 2023	13	15	2	30
Sep 2023	21	7	0	28
Oct 2023	166	28	3	197
Nov 2023	125	4	1	130
Dec 2023	15	13	2	30
Jan 2024	7	13	0	20
Feb 2024	11	15	2	28
Mar 2024	21	18	4	43
Apr 2024	16	21	2	39
May 2024	15	19	5	39
Jun 2024	19	14	1	34
Jul 2024	20	21	6	47
Aug 2024	34	11	4	49
Sep 2024	16	15	2	33
Oct 2024	21	13	3	37
Nov 2024	6	5	0	11
Dec 2024	14	9	2	25
Jan 2025	9	8	3	20
Feb 2025	24	9	1	34
Mar 2025	21	12	0	33
Apr 2025	27	12	2	41
May 2025	29	14	2	45
Jun 2025	43	26	1	70
Jul 2025	31	18	2	51
Aug 2025	16	10	0	26
Sep 2025	18	14	0	32
Oct 2025	32	23	2	57
Nov 2025	38	22	3	63
Dec 2025	1	2	0	3

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 11 Apr 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2016	101	27	1	129
May 2016	59	25	0	84
Jun 2016	13	6	2	21
Jul 2016	19	3	0	22
Aug 2016	61	14	0	75
Sep 2016	69	24	1	94
Oct 2016	31	5	0	36
Nov 2016	9	5	1	15
Dec 2016	6	3	0	9
Jan 2017	21	18	0	39
Feb 2017	3	4	0	7
Mar 2017	18	10	0	28
Apr 2017	16	16	1	33
May 2017	24	18	0	42
Jun 2017	22	34	1	57
Jul 2017	18	23	0	41
Aug 2017	8	19	1	28
Sep 2017	12	28	1	41
Oct 2017	16	22	0	38
Nov 2017	8	19	0	27
Dec 2017	15	20	0	35
Jan 2018	17	14	3	34
Feb 2018	15	11	0	26
Mar 2018	11	13	2	26
Apr 2018	8	8	0	16
May 2018	15	10	1	26
Jun 2018	18	14	3	35
Jul 2018	12	10	1	23
Aug 2018	28	24	1	53
Sep 2018	33	28	2	63
Oct 2018	25	19	5	49
Nov 2018	20	18	0	38
Dec 2018	20	12	1	33
Jan 2019	11	19	1	31
Feb 2019	9	8	0	17
Mar 2019	10	13	1	24
Apr 2019	8	10	0	18
May 2019	5	11	0	16
Jun 2019	12	17	1	30
Jul 2019	7	13	0	20
Aug 2019	4	26	0	30
Sep 2019	5	44	0	49
Oct 2019	15	6	1	22
Nov 2019	8	9	2	19
Dec 2019	5	5	0	10
Jan 2020	19	40	2	61
Feb 2020	13	10	2	25
Mar 2020	6	8	0	14
Apr 2020	6	4	0	10
May 2020	9	11	0	20
Jun 2020	21	13	0	34
Jul 2020	22	31	9	62
Aug 2020	5	10	4	19
Sep 2020	16	10	2	28
Oct 2020	6	17	6	29
Nov 2020	8	11	4	23
Dec 2020	10	7	3	20
Jan 2021	18	11	4	33
Feb 2021	11	9	5	25
Mar 2021	7	6	2	15
Apr 2021	9	10	2	21
May 2021	7	12	6	25
Jun 2021	7	15	0	22
Jul 2021	9	8	0	17
Aug 2021	9	15	1	25
Sep 2021	13	12	3	28
Oct 2021	11	48	6	65
Nov 2021	12	56	6	74
Dec 2021	8	9	3	20
Jan 2022	14	20	2	36
Feb 2022	9	14	3	26
Mar 2022	12	16	1	29
Apr 2022	9	16	4	29
May 2022	8	13	5	26
Jun 2022	6	7	8	21
Jul 2022	11	8	6	25
Aug 2022	17	13	5	35
Sep 2022	9	9	7	25
Oct 2022	10	12	10	32
Nov 2022	13	11	3	27
Dec 2022	21	8	1	30
Jan 2023	14	14	3	31
Feb 2023	12	10	0	22
Mar 2023	25	16	0	41
Apr 2023	5	19	0	24
May 2023	30	24	6	60
Jun 2023	37	11	0	48
Jul 2023	8	10	1	19
Aug 2023	13	15	2	30
Sep 2023	21	7	0	28
Oct 2023	166	28	3	197
Nov 2023	125	4	1	130
Dec 2023	15	13	2	30
Jan 2024	7	13	0	20
Feb 2024	11	15	2	28
Mar 2024	21	18	4	43
Apr 2024	16	21	2	39
May 2024	15	19	5	39
Jun 2024	19	14	1	34
Jul 2024	20	21	6	47
Aug 2024	34	11	4	49
Sep 2024	16	15	2	33
Oct 2024	21	13	3	37
Nov 2024	6	5	0	11
Dec 2024	14	9	2	25
Jan 2025	9	8	3	20
Feb 2025	24	9	1	34
Mar 2025	21	12	0	33
Apr 2025	27	12	2	41
May 2025	29	14	2	45
Jun 2025	43	26	1	70
Jul 2025	31	18	2	51
Aug 2025	16	10	0	26
Sep 2025	18	14	0	32
Oct 2025	32	23	2	57
Nov 2025	38	22	3	63
Dec 2025	1	2	0	3

Latest update: 04 Dec 2025

Short summary

A decline in damaging European windstorms has led to a reduction in insured losses in the 21st century. This decline is explored through understanding how and why a damaging windstorm characteristic has changed in recent years. For individual windstorm events, the area of damaging winds is shown to have reduced due to a significant decrease in extreme winds in north-western Europe. This decline is largely related to changes in a large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern in the North Atlantic.