Monitoring and prediction in early warning systems for rapid mass movements

Stähli, M.; Sättele, M.; Huggel, C.; McArdell, B. W.; Lehmann, P.; Van Herwijnen, A.; Berne, A.; Schleiss, M.; Ferrari, A.; Kos, A.; Or, D.; Springman, S. M.

doi:10.5194/nhess-15-905-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-905-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Landslide Prediction & Forecasting

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-905-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 4

Review article

|

24 Apr 2015

Review article |

| 24 Apr 2015

Monitoring and prediction in early warning systems for rapid mass movements

M. Stähli, M. Sättele, C. Huggel, B. W. McArdell, P. Lehmann, A. Van Herwijnen, A. Berne, M. Schleiss, A. Ferrari, A. Kos, D. Or, and S. M. Springman

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Total article views: 7,992 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
3,794	3,896	302	7,992	226	247

HTML: 3,794
PDF: 3,896
XML: 302
Total: 7,992
BibTeX: 226
EndNote: 247

Views and downloads (calculated since 27 Nov 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2014	42	25	4	71
Dec 2014	31	57	2	90
Jan 2015	18	37	13	68
Feb 2015	7	21	21	49
Mar 2015	15	16	20	51
Apr 2015	81	89	19	189
May 2015	81	100	13	194
Jun 2015	60	43	3	106
Jul 2015	47	55	5	107
Aug 2015	24	52	0	76
Sep 2015	16	38	0	54
Oct 2015	34	47	0	81
Nov 2015	48	41	3	92
Dec 2015	15	49	1	65
Jan 2016	44	33	2	79
Feb 2016	33	32	3	68
Mar 2016	25	35	2	62
Apr 2016	18	30	2	50
May 2016	6	16	0	22
Jun 2016	12	20	2	34
Jul 2016	11	20	2	33
Aug 2016	11	11	1	23
Sep 2016	18	9	0	27
Oct 2016	5	15	0	20
Nov 2016	10	11	1	22
Dec 2016	7	3	0	10
Jan 2017	17	22	0	39
Feb 2017	9	25	2	36
Mar 2017	18	37	0	55
Apr 2017	21	32	0	53
May 2017	26	41	0	67
Jun 2017	19	22	0	41
Jul 2017	22	26	3	51
Aug 2017	14	18	1	33
Sep 2017	13	35	0	48
Oct 2017	15	38	0	53
Nov 2017	16	34	1	51
Dec 2017	11	40	0	51
Jan 2018	20	40	2	62
Feb 2018	11	34	0	45
Mar 2018	23	32	3	58
Apr 2018	15	25	0	40
May 2018	20	29	1	50
Jun 2018	19	32	0	51
Jul 2018	18	23	3	44
Aug 2018	37	24	1	62
Sep 2018	42	48	3	93
Oct 2018	34	41	1	76
Nov 2018	29	44	3	76
Dec 2018	11	31	0	42
Jan 2019	30	27	1	58
Feb 2019	24	26	2	52
Mar 2019	16	25	2	43
Apr 2019	24	23	1	48
May 2019	13	27	0	40
Jun 2019	8	24	0	32
Jul 2019	11	17	0	28
Aug 2019	13	16	0	29
Sep 2019	12	28	8	48
Oct 2019	12	27	3	42
Nov 2019	23	23	2	48
Dec 2019	7	9	1	17
Jan 2020	18	37	2	57
Feb 2020	11	10	0	21
Mar 2020	7	23	1	31
Apr 2020	10	29	2	41
May 2020	10	18	0	28
Jun 2020	25	6	1	32
Jul 2020	31	28	19	78
Aug 2020	12	25	8	45
Sep 2020	18	13	0	31
Oct 2020	13	21	1	35
Nov 2020	23	22	0	45
Dec 2020	31	22	0	53
Jan 2021	25	20	3	48
Feb 2021	10	15	0	25
Mar 2021	25	20	0	45
Apr 2021	16	27	4	47
May 2021	12	17	0	29
Jun 2021	12	23	1	36
Jul 2021	15	50	1	66
Aug 2021	22	53	2	77
Sep 2021	27	48	1	76
Oct 2021	24	87	3	114
Nov 2021	20	56	2	78
Dec 2021	21	18	1	40
Jan 2022	18	42	0	60
Feb 2022	34	21	6	61
Mar 2022	24	38	3	65
Apr 2022	21	36	1	58
May 2022	12	41	2	55
Jun 2022	18	23	1	42
Jul 2022	12	21	1	34
Aug 2022	29	40	2	71
Sep 2022	25	25	1	51
Oct 2022	25	23	0	48
Nov 2022	45	33	2	80
Dec 2022	26	21	1	48
Jan 2023	35	33	3	71
Feb 2023	26	16	0	42
Mar 2023	37	20	1	58
Apr 2023	22	26	0	48
May 2023	36	23	3	62
Jun 2023	15	20	1	36
Jul 2023	18	18	1	37
Aug 2023	30	15	2	47
Sep 2023	39	18	2	59
Oct 2023	88	26	2	116
Nov 2023	41	13	1	55
Dec 2023	40	16	1	57
Jan 2024	53	20	0	73
Feb 2024	48	28	3	79
Mar 2024	52	34	1	87
Apr 2024	49	37	6	92
May 2024	67	38	6	111
Jun 2024	86	28	4	118
Jul 2024	48	16	2	66
Aug 2024	30	19	6	55
Sep 2024	26	30	3	59
Oct 2024	42	17	1	60
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	35	17	0	52
Jan 2025	49	24	2	75
Feb 2025	50	26	0	76
Mar 2025	48	31	2	81
Apr 2025	39	25	1	65
May 2025	52	27	0	79
Jun 2025	55	48	6	109
Jul 2025	56	32	1	89
Aug 2025	114	22	0	136
Sep 2025	81	23	0	104
Oct 2025	65	49	2	116
Nov 2025	68	42	3	113
Dec 2025	3	4	0	7

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 27 Nov 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2014	42	25	4	71
Dec 2014	31	57	2	90
Jan 2015	18	37	13	68
Feb 2015	7	21	21	49
Mar 2015	15	16	20	51
Apr 2015	81	89	19	189
May 2015	81	100	13	194
Jun 2015	60	43	3	106
Jul 2015	47	55	5	107
Aug 2015	24	52	0	76
Sep 2015	16	38	0	54
Oct 2015	34	47	0	81
Nov 2015	48	41	3	92
Dec 2015	15	49	1	65
Jan 2016	44	33	2	79
Feb 2016	33	32	3	68
Mar 2016	25	35	2	62
Apr 2016	18	30	2	50
May 2016	6	16	0	22
Jun 2016	12	20	2	34
Jul 2016	11	20	2	33
Aug 2016	11	11	1	23
Sep 2016	18	9	0	27
Oct 2016	5	15	0	20
Nov 2016	10	11	1	22
Dec 2016	7	3	0	10
Jan 2017	17	22	0	39
Feb 2017	9	25	2	36
Mar 2017	18	37	0	55
Apr 2017	21	32	0	53
May 2017	26	41	0	67
Jun 2017	19	22	0	41
Jul 2017	22	26	3	51
Aug 2017	14	18	1	33
Sep 2017	13	35	0	48
Oct 2017	15	38	0	53
Nov 2017	16	34	1	51
Dec 2017	11	40	0	51
Jan 2018	20	40	2	62
Feb 2018	11	34	0	45
Mar 2018	23	32	3	58
Apr 2018	15	25	0	40
May 2018	20	29	1	50
Jun 2018	19	32	0	51
Jul 2018	18	23	3	44
Aug 2018	37	24	1	62
Sep 2018	42	48	3	93
Oct 2018	34	41	1	76
Nov 2018	29	44	3	76
Dec 2018	11	31	0	42
Jan 2019	30	27	1	58
Feb 2019	24	26	2	52
Mar 2019	16	25	2	43
Apr 2019	24	23	1	48
May 2019	13	27	0	40
Jun 2019	8	24	0	32
Jul 2019	11	17	0	28
Aug 2019	13	16	0	29
Sep 2019	12	28	8	48
Oct 2019	12	27	3	42
Nov 2019	23	23	2	48
Dec 2019	7	9	1	17
Jan 2020	18	37	2	57
Feb 2020	11	10	0	21
Mar 2020	7	23	1	31
Apr 2020	10	29	2	41
May 2020	10	18	0	28
Jun 2020	25	6	1	32
Jul 2020	31	28	19	78
Aug 2020	12	25	8	45
Sep 2020	18	13	0	31
Oct 2020	13	21	1	35
Nov 2020	23	22	0	45
Dec 2020	31	22	0	53
Jan 2021	25	20	3	48
Feb 2021	10	15	0	25
Mar 2021	25	20	0	45
Apr 2021	16	27	4	47
May 2021	12	17	0	29
Jun 2021	12	23	1	36
Jul 2021	15	50	1	66
Aug 2021	22	53	2	77
Sep 2021	27	48	1	76
Oct 2021	24	87	3	114
Nov 2021	20	56	2	78
Dec 2021	21	18	1	40
Jan 2022	18	42	0	60
Feb 2022	34	21	6	61
Mar 2022	24	38	3	65
Apr 2022	21	36	1	58
May 2022	12	41	2	55
Jun 2022	18	23	1	42
Jul 2022	12	21	1	34
Aug 2022	29	40	2	71
Sep 2022	25	25	1	51
Oct 2022	25	23	0	48
Nov 2022	45	33	2	80
Dec 2022	26	21	1	48
Jan 2023	35	33	3	71
Feb 2023	26	16	0	42
Mar 2023	37	20	1	58
Apr 2023	22	26	0	48
May 2023	36	23	3	62
Jun 2023	15	20	1	36
Jul 2023	18	18	1	37
Aug 2023	30	15	2	47
Sep 2023	39	18	2	59
Oct 2023	88	26	2	116
Nov 2023	41	13	1	55
Dec 2023	40	16	1	57
Jan 2024	53	20	0	73
Feb 2024	48	28	3	79
Mar 2024	52	34	1	87
Apr 2024	49	37	6	92
May 2024	67	38	6	111
Jun 2024	86	28	4	118
Jul 2024	48	16	2	66
Aug 2024	30	19	6	55
Sep 2024	26	30	3	59
Oct 2024	42	17	1	60
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	35	17	0	52
Jan 2025	49	24	2	75
Feb 2025	50	26	0	76
Mar 2025	48	31	2	81
Apr 2025	39	25	1	65
May 2025	52	27	0	79
Jun 2025	55	48	6	109
Jul 2025	56	32	1	89
Aug 2025	114	22	0	136
Sep 2025	81	23	0	104
Oct 2025	65	49	2	116
Nov 2025	68	42	3	113
Dec 2025	3	4	0	7

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

Short summary

This review paper describes the state of the art in monitoring and predicting rapid mass movements for early warning. It further presents recent innovations in observation technologies and modelling to be used in future early warning systems (EWS). Finally, the paper proposes avenues towards successful implementation of next-generation EWS.