Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Fathom, Clifton Heights, Bristol BS8 1EJ, UK
Ivan D. Haigh
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Fathom, Clifton Heights, Bristol BS8 1EJ, UK
Niall Quinn
Fathom, Clifton Heights, Bristol BS8 1EJ, UK
Jeff Neal
Fathom, Clifton Heights, Bristol BS8 1EJ, UK
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
Thomas Wahl
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
Melissa Wood
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Dirk Eilander
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Deltares, 2629 HV Delft, the Netherlands
Marleen de Ruiter
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Philip Ward
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Deltares, 2629 HV Delft, the Netherlands
Paula Camus
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Geomatics and Ocean Engineering Group, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, ETSICCP, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
Viewed
Total article views: 16,158 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Aug 2024)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11,289 | 4,295 | 574 | 16,158 | 211 | 238 |
- HTML: 11,289
- PDF: 4,295
- XML: 574
- Total: 16,158
- BibTeX: 211
- EndNote: 238
Total article views: 12,091 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Feb 2025)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,871 | 2,123 | 97 | 12,091 | 132 | 146 |
- HTML: 9,871
- PDF: 2,123
- XML: 97
- Total: 12,091
- BibTeX: 132
- EndNote: 146
Total article views: 4,067 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Aug 2024)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,418 | 2,172 | 477 | 4,067 | 79 | 92 |
- HTML: 1,418
- PDF: 2,172
- XML: 477
- Total: 4,067
- BibTeX: 79
- EndNote: 92
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 16,158 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 15,577 with geography defined
and 581 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 12,091 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 11,538 with geography defined
and 553 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,067 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,039 with geography defined
and 28 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
52 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Tidal, hydrological and meteorological contributions to high-water level events in the Saint Lawrence River Estuary: Local responses to regional drivers S. Innocenti et al.
- Pluvial flood warnings in a tidally influenced basin enhanced by rainfall–tide compound indicators: Taipei case study M. Lin et al.
- Assessment of Coastal Compound Flooding in Tropical Catchment: Saltwater Creek Catchment in Australia S. Gurung et al.
- Optimizing Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services for Resilient and Sustainable Cities: Research Landscape, Evolutionary Trajectories, and Future Directions J. Sun et al.
- A cluster-based temporal attention approach for predicting cyclone-induced compound flood dynamics S. Daramola et al.
- Projected changes in sea level seasonal cycle alter global coastal flood hazards Y. Qu et al.
- Estimating and mapping compound flood potential from precipitation and storm surge along the Coastal Chinese Margin Z. Ye et al.
- Modelling short- and long-term flooding levels in the Venice lagoon: A hierarchical hidden Markov model approach L. Ricciotti et al.
- Understanding multi-hazard risk for U.S. coastal cities S. Poudel et al.
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al.
- Impact of land surface characteristics on coastal compound flooding using a coupled hydrodynamic-hydraulic modelling framework P. Tiwari et al.
- Wave–current interactions within microtidal systems M. Brocchini et al.
- Simulating hurricane-induced compound flooding via spatiotemporal analysis of satellite-derived inundation maps A. Rostami et al.
- Identifying Risk Transition Pattern of Compound Flooding Using the Copula Integrated Markov Chain X. Li et al.
- Cartographie de la susceptibilité d’inondation, basée sur l’Analyse Hiérarchique des Procédés (AHP) dans les départements de Pikine et de Keur Massar, Sénégal B. Sy et al.
- Understanding flood behavior in the Kashmir Himalayas through copula-driven models I. Gujree et al.
- The value of visualization in improving compound flood hazard communication: a complementary perspective through a Euclidean geometry lens S. Radfar et al.
- Anticipated Compound Flooding in Miami-Dade Under Extreme Hydrometeorological Events A. Gumbs et al.
- Determining aeration properties over vegetated embankments A. Mozer et al.
- How tidal properties influence the future duration of coastal flooding S. Talke
- Advancing Sustainability and Resilience in Vulnerable Rural and Coastal Communities Facing Environmental Change with a Regionally Focused Composite Mapping Framework T. O’Shea et al.
- Review article: Rethinking preparedness for coastal compound flooding: insights from a systematic review D. Gomez Rave et al.
- Performance Analysis of Tree-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Flood Forecasting in Tropical Regions A. Zuhairi et al.
- Breaking down annual and tropical cyclone-induced nonlinear interactions in total water levels M. Sakib et al.
- Combining moored observations and SAR images in validating compound flood models M. Barada et al.
- Building Treatment and Its Effects on City‐Scale Urban Flood Modeling Z. Li et al.
- Flood Hazard Assessment of Flood Widening Area Due to Land Subsidence in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia E. Nugroho et al.
- Assessment of direct rainfall and flood-induced damage to land transport infrastructure using two-dimensional HEC-RAS 6.6 rain-on-grid simulations G. Varra et al.
- When the Waters Rise: Examining Household-Level Exposure to Inland Flood Risk and Poverty in Grenada P. Ervin et al.
- Damage Mitigation Strategies for Flood-Prone Coastal Areas under Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Y. Kim
- Unlocking the benefits of transparent and reusable science for climate risk management A. Pollack et al.
- Towards a typology for hybrid compound flood modeling S. Radfar et al.
- Global mapping of potential coastal compound flood risk at 0.1∘ resolution J. Zhang & M. Convertino
- Multivariate design events for compound flooding analysis in estuaries D. Gomez Rave et al.
- Climate and impact attribution of compound flooding induced by tropical cyclone Idai in Mozambique D. Vertegaal et al.
- Leveraging Coupled Hydrodynamic with Data-Driven GeoAI Models for Advancing Systemic Compound Flood Risk Evaluation in Coastal Urban Areas T. Atmaja et al.
- High resolution simulation of urban compound flooding under climate impacts E. Amini et al.
- Human flood adaptation characteristics: A comparative study of three global river deltas S. Wu et al.
- Compound Flood Socio-Economic Risk Assessment in Klaipėda City for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Urban Development E. Vasiliauskienė et al.
- Exposure of Greek Ports to Marine Flooding and Extreme Heat Under Climate Change: An Assessment I. Monioudi et al.
- Bibliometric review of human-flood interaction: Geospatial disconnects between hazard patterns and scientific knowledge Z. Lan et al.
- Unraveling uncertainty in compound flood modeling: sensitivity of simulations to forcings and model parameters C. Wang et al.
- Operational Inundation and Water Quality Forecasting in Transitional Waters: Lessons from the Tagus Estuary, Portugal M. Rodrigues et al.
- A probabilistic GIS-based framework for urban flood risk assessment in Chengdu metro network Q. Li et al.
- Late-Holocene compound flood events in southern China: Geochemical evidence and global climatic linkages M. Zhang et al.
- Flash flood susceptibility assessment using an integrated geomorphologic framework in data-scarce arid and semi-arid regions A. Ullah et al.
- Impacts of sea level rise and adaptation across Asia and the Pacific I. Monioudi et al.
- BIM-enabled decision-support workflow for the culturally adaptive resilience design of temporary flood shelters T. Ng & Y. Ngui
- Assessing compound flood drivers in Peninsular India: Multivariate copula-based approach A. Mukherjee et al.
- Coastal and pluvial compound flooding of surge, wave, tide, rainfall-runoff, sewer flow, and seawall failure at coastal urban areas J. Jo et al.
- Extreme flood intensification in the Pearl River Basin in the future under 1.5° C, 2.0° C, and higher global warming levels W. Qi et al.
- A High-Resolution LiDAR–GIS Framework for Riverine Flood Risk Prediction and Prevention Under Extreme Rainfall S. Lee et al.
52 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Tidal, hydrological and meteorological contributions to high-water level events in the Saint Lawrence River Estuary: Local responses to regional drivers S. Innocenti et al.
- Pluvial flood warnings in a tidally influenced basin enhanced by rainfall–tide compound indicators: Taipei case study M. Lin et al.
- Assessment of Coastal Compound Flooding in Tropical Catchment: Saltwater Creek Catchment in Australia S. Gurung et al.
- Optimizing Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services for Resilient and Sustainable Cities: Research Landscape, Evolutionary Trajectories, and Future Directions J. Sun et al.
- A cluster-based temporal attention approach for predicting cyclone-induced compound flood dynamics S. Daramola et al.
- Projected changes in sea level seasonal cycle alter global coastal flood hazards Y. Qu et al.
- Estimating and mapping compound flood potential from precipitation and storm surge along the Coastal Chinese Margin Z. Ye et al.
- Modelling short- and long-term flooding levels in the Venice lagoon: A hierarchical hidden Markov model approach L. Ricciotti et al.
- Understanding multi-hazard risk for U.S. coastal cities S. Poudel et al.
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al.
- Impact of land surface characteristics on coastal compound flooding using a coupled hydrodynamic-hydraulic modelling framework P. Tiwari et al.
- Wave–current interactions within microtidal systems M. Brocchini et al.
- Simulating hurricane-induced compound flooding via spatiotemporal analysis of satellite-derived inundation maps A. Rostami et al.
- Identifying Risk Transition Pattern of Compound Flooding Using the Copula Integrated Markov Chain X. Li et al.
- Cartographie de la susceptibilité d’inondation, basée sur l’Analyse Hiérarchique des Procédés (AHP) dans les départements de Pikine et de Keur Massar, Sénégal B. Sy et al.
- Understanding flood behavior in the Kashmir Himalayas through copula-driven models I. Gujree et al.
- The value of visualization in improving compound flood hazard communication: a complementary perspective through a Euclidean geometry lens S. Radfar et al.
- Anticipated Compound Flooding in Miami-Dade Under Extreme Hydrometeorological Events A. Gumbs et al.
- Determining aeration properties over vegetated embankments A. Mozer et al.
- How tidal properties influence the future duration of coastal flooding S. Talke
- Advancing Sustainability and Resilience in Vulnerable Rural and Coastal Communities Facing Environmental Change with a Regionally Focused Composite Mapping Framework T. O’Shea et al.
- Review article: Rethinking preparedness for coastal compound flooding: insights from a systematic review D. Gomez Rave et al.
- Performance Analysis of Tree-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Flood Forecasting in Tropical Regions A. Zuhairi et al.
- Breaking down annual and tropical cyclone-induced nonlinear interactions in total water levels M. Sakib et al.
- Combining moored observations and SAR images in validating compound flood models M. Barada et al.
- Building Treatment and Its Effects on City‐Scale Urban Flood Modeling Z. Li et al.
- Flood Hazard Assessment of Flood Widening Area Due to Land Subsidence in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia E. Nugroho et al.
- Assessment of direct rainfall and flood-induced damage to land transport infrastructure using two-dimensional HEC-RAS 6.6 rain-on-grid simulations G. Varra et al.
- When the Waters Rise: Examining Household-Level Exposure to Inland Flood Risk and Poverty in Grenada P. Ervin et al.
- Damage Mitigation Strategies for Flood-Prone Coastal Areas under Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Y. Kim
- Unlocking the benefits of transparent and reusable science for climate risk management A. Pollack et al.
- Towards a typology for hybrid compound flood modeling S. Radfar et al.
- Global mapping of potential coastal compound flood risk at 0.1∘ resolution J. Zhang & M. Convertino
- Multivariate design events for compound flooding analysis in estuaries D. Gomez Rave et al.
- Climate and impact attribution of compound flooding induced by tropical cyclone Idai in Mozambique D. Vertegaal et al.
- Leveraging Coupled Hydrodynamic with Data-Driven GeoAI Models for Advancing Systemic Compound Flood Risk Evaluation in Coastal Urban Areas T. Atmaja et al.
- High resolution simulation of urban compound flooding under climate impacts E. Amini et al.
- Human flood adaptation characteristics: A comparative study of three global river deltas S. Wu et al.
- Compound Flood Socio-Economic Risk Assessment in Klaipėda City for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Urban Development E. Vasiliauskienė et al.
- Exposure of Greek Ports to Marine Flooding and Extreme Heat Under Climate Change: An Assessment I. Monioudi et al.
- Bibliometric review of human-flood interaction: Geospatial disconnects between hazard patterns and scientific knowledge Z. Lan et al.
- Unraveling uncertainty in compound flood modeling: sensitivity of simulations to forcings and model parameters C. Wang et al.
- Operational Inundation and Water Quality Forecasting in Transitional Waters: Lessons from the Tagus Estuary, Portugal M. Rodrigues et al.
- A probabilistic GIS-based framework for urban flood risk assessment in Chengdu metro network Q. Li et al.
- Late-Holocene compound flood events in southern China: Geochemical evidence and global climatic linkages M. Zhang et al.
- Flash flood susceptibility assessment using an integrated geomorphologic framework in data-scarce arid and semi-arid regions A. Ullah et al.
- Impacts of sea level rise and adaptation across Asia and the Pacific I. Monioudi et al.
- BIM-enabled decision-support workflow for the culturally adaptive resilience design of temporary flood shelters T. Ng & Y. Ngui
- Assessing compound flood drivers in Peninsular India: Multivariate copula-based approach A. Mukherjee et al.
- Coastal and pluvial compound flooding of surge, wave, tide, rainfall-runoff, sewer flow, and seawall failure at coastal urban areas J. Jo et al.
- Extreme flood intensification in the Pearl River Basin in the future under 1.5° C, 2.0° C, and higher global warming levels W. Qi et al.
- A High-Resolution LiDAR–GIS Framework for Riverine Flood Risk Prediction and Prevention Under Extreme Rainfall S. Lee et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 May 2026
Short summary
Compound flooding, involving the combination or successive occurrence of two or more flood drivers, can amplify flood impacts in coastal/estuarine regions. This paper reviews the practices, trends, methodologies, applications, and findings of coastal compound flooding literature at regional to global scales. We explore the types of compound flood events, their mechanistic processes, and the range of terminology. Lastly, this review highlights knowledge gaps and implications for future practices.
Compound flooding, involving the combination or successive occurrence of two or more flood...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint