Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article: Current approaches and critical issues in multi-risk recovery planning of urban areas exposed to natural hazards
Soheil Mohammadi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
Silvia De Angeli
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
Giorgio Boni
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
Francesca Pirlone
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
Serena Cattari
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Silvia De Angeli, Lorenzo Villani, Giulio Castelli, Maria Rusca, Giorgio Boni, Elena Bresci, and Luigi Piemontese
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2571–2589, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Despite transdisciplinary approaches being increasingly explored to study droughts and their impacts, their depth and breadth are yet to be fully exploited. By integrating insights from different research fields, we present five key dimensions to deepen and broaden the knowledge co-creation process for drought impact studies. Emphasizing social dynamics and power imbalances, we support hydrologists in developing more integrated, power-sensitive, inclusive, situated, and reflexive studies.
Habal Kassoum Traore, Sébastien Lebaut, Gilles Drogue, Eugène Konan Kouadio, and Silvia De Angeli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2925, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS).
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates flood and landslide risks in Greater Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to support multi-hazard disaster risk reduction. Using a proven decision-making framework, we analyze environmental and social risk factors. An innovative validation method combines past disaster records and field surveys to enhance reliability. The findings highlight high-risk areas and offer insights to enhance urban resilience. This approach is suitable for other data-poor regions facing similar challenges.
Alessandro Borre, Daria Ottonelli, Eva Trasforini, Tatiana Ghizzoni, Giacomo Zoppi, Giorgio Boni, and Silvia De Angeli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2379, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a generalized mathematical framework to quantify physical damage to assets from concurrent and consecutive hazards over time. Applied to a Puerto Rico case study (Hurricane Maria and the 2019–2020 earthquakes), it shows that ignoring residual damage significantly underestimates total impacts caused by consecutive events. By incorporating amplification effects and recovery dynamics, the framework improves multi-hazard damage assessments for researchers and decision-makers.
Nicola Loglisci, Giorgio Boni, Arianna Cauteruccio, Francesco Faccini, Massimo Milelli, Guido Paliaga, and Antonio Parodi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2495–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the meteo-hydrological features of the 27 and 28 August 2023 event that occurred in Genoa. Rainfall observations were made using rain gauge networks based on either official networks or citizen science networks. The merged analysis stresses the spatial variability in the precipitation, which cannot be captured by the current spatial density of authoritative stations. Results show that at minimal distances the variations in cumulated rainfall over a sub-hourly duration are significant.
Cited articles
Alexander, D. E.: The L'Aquila Earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian Government Policy on Disaster Response, Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 2, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2010.511450, 2010. a, b
Alexander, D. E.: An evaluation of medium-term recovery processes after the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Central Italy, Environmental Hazards, 12, 60–73, https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2012.689250, 2013. a
Ali, R. A., Mannakkara, S., and Wilkinson, S.: Factors affecting successful transition between post-disaster recovery phases: a case study of 2010 floods in Sindh, Pakistan, International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11, 597–614, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2020-0016, 2020. a, b
Alifa, S. and Nugroho, F.: The role of local community enterprise towards economic recovery of disaster-affected community in Indonesia, Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27, 2333–2349, 2019. a
Almoghathawi, Y. and Barker, K.: Component importance measures for interdependent infrastructure network resilience, Comput. Ind. Eng., 133, 153–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.05.001, 2019. a
Arenas, A., Missal, R., Mellucci, C., Murshed, Z., and Vatsa, K.: A Guidance Note: National Post-Disaster Recovery Planning and Coordination, https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/guidance-note-national-post-disaster-recovery-planning-and-coordination (last access: 24 October 2023), 2016. a, b, c
Argyroudis, S. A., Mitoulis, S. A., Hofer, L., Zanini, M. A., Tubaldi, E., and Frangopol, D. M.: Resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure in a multi-hazard environment: Case study on transport assets, Sci. Total Environ., 714, 136854, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136854, 2020. a, b
Aroquipa, H. and Hurtado, A.: Seismic resilience assessment of buildings: A simplified methodological approach through conventional seismic risk assessment, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 77, 103047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103047, 2022. a
Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience: Australian Emergency Management Thesaurus, Tech. rep., Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience, https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/media/1957/manual-4-australian-emergency-management-thesaurus.pdf (last access: 24 October 2023), 1998. a
Bahmani, H. and Zhang, W.: Comprehensive Success Evaluation Framework for Socio-Natural Disaster Recovery Projects, Buildings, 11, 647, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120647, 2021. a, b, c, d
Barakat, S. and Zyck, S. A.: Housing Reconstruction as Socio-economic Recovery and State Building: Evidence from Southern Lebanon, Housing Stud., 26, 133–154, https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2010.512750, 2011. a
Berke, P., Cooper, J., Aminto, M., Grabich, S., and Horney, J.: Adaptive Planning for Disaster Recovery and Resiliency: An Evaluation of 87 Local Recovery Plans in Eight States, J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 80, 310–323, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.976585, 2014. a
Berke, P. R., Song, Y., and Stevens, M.: Integrating Hazard Mitigation into New Urban and Conventional Developments, J. Plan. Educ. Res., 28, 441–455, https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X09331550, 2009. a
Blackburn, S.: What Does Transformation Look Like? Post-Disaster Politics and the Case for Progressive Rehabilitation, Sustainability, 10, 2317, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072317, 2018. a
Blagojević, N., Didier, M., and Stojadinović, B.: Quantifying component importance for disaster resilience of communities with interdependent civil infrastructure systems, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 228, 108747, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.108747, 2022.
Boaz, A., Ashby, D., and Young, K.: Systematic reviews: what have they got to offer evidence based policy and practice?, ESRC UK Centre for Evidence Based Policy and Practice London https://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Should-I-do-a-systematic-review.pdf, (last access: 24 October 2023), 2002. a
Bolin, R. and Stanford, L.: The Northridge Earthquake: Community-based Approaches to Unmet Recovery Needs, Disasters, 22, 21–38, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00073, 1998. a
Bolin, R. C. and Bolton, P. A.: Race, religion, and ethnicity in disaster recovery, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/fmhi_pub/88 (last access: 12 January 2024), 1986. a
Bosher, L., Chmutina, K., and van Niekerk, D.: Stop going around in circles: towards a reconceptualisation of disaster risk management phases, Disaster Prev. Manag., 30, 525–537, https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-03-2021-0071, 2021. a
Bozza, A., Asprone, D., and Manfredi, G.: Developing an integrated framework to quantify resilience of urban systems against disasters, Nat. Hazards, 78, 1729–1748, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1798-3, 2015. a
Bozza, A., Asprone, D., and Manfredi, G.: A methodological framework assessing disaster resilience of city ecosystems to enhance resource use efficiency, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 9, 136–150, https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2016.1244538, 2017.
Bristow, D. N.: How Spatial and Functional Dependencies between Operations and Infrastructure Leads to Resilient Recovery, J. Infrastruct. Syst., 25, 04019011, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000490, 2019.
Brugmann, J.: Financing the resilient city, Environ. Urban., 24, 215–232, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247812437130, 2012. a
Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O'Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., Shinozuka, M., Tierney, K., Wallace, W. A., and von Winterfeldt, D.: A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities, Earthq. Spectra, 19, 733–752, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497, 2003. a, b
Cavallaro, M., Asprone, D., Latora, V., Manfredi, G., and Nicosia, V.: Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Resilience through Hybrid Social–Physical Complex Networks, Comput.-Aided Civ. Inf., 29, 608–625, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12080, 2014.
Cerè, G., Rezgui, Y., and Zhao, W.: Critical review of existing built environment resilience frameworks: Directions for future research, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 25, 173–189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.018, 2017. a
Cha, E. J. and He, X.: Post-disaster Recovery Planning of Interdependent Infrastructure Systems: A Game Theory-Based Approach, in: 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering(ICASP13), Seoul, South Korea, 26–30 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.22725/ICASP13.091, 2019.
Chandrasekhar, D.: Digging deeper: participation and non-participation in post-disaster community recovery, Community Development, 43, 614–629, https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2012.730538, 2012. a, b
Chandrasekhar, D., Zhang, Y., and Xiao, Y.: Nontraditional Participation in Disaster Recovery Planning: Cases From China, India, and the United States, J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 80, 373–384, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.989399, 2014. a
Chang, S. E.: Modeling how cities recover from disasters, in: International Conference on Urban Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, January 2005, 18–20, 2005. a
Chang, S. E.: Urban disaster recovery: a measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Disasters, 34, 303–327, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01130.x, 2010. a
Charles, S. H., Chang-Richards, A., and Yiu, T. W.: What do post-disaster reconstruction project success indicators look like? End-user’s perspectives, International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 13, 31–50, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-11-2020-0112, 2021. a
Charny, J. and Martin, S.: Sri Lanka: Tsunami Survivors Yearn for Permanent Housing and Employment, Refugees International, https://www.refworld.org/docid/47a6eec78.html (last access: 24 October 2023), 2005. a
Chen, K.-T., Chen, W. J., Malilay, J., and Twu, S.-J.: The Public Health Response to the Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan, 1999, Public Health Rep., 118, 493–499, 2016. a
Cheng, S., Ganapati, E., and Ganapati, S.: Measuring disaster recovery: bouncing back or reaching the counterfactual state?, Disasters, 39, 427–446, https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12112, 2015. a
Cheng, Y., Elsayed, E. A., and Chen, X.: Random Multi Hazard Resilience Modeling of Engineered Systems and Critical Infrastructure, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 209, 107453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107453, 2021. a, b
Chhibber, A. and Laajaj, R.: Natural disasters and economic development impact, response and preparedness, Global Development Network, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265198864_Natural_Disasters_and_Economic_Development_Impact_Response_and_Preparedness (last access: 24 October 2023), 2007. a
Clinton, W. J.: Lessons learned from tsunami recovery: Key propositions for building back better, New York: Office of the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery, https://www.preventionweb.net/files/2054_VL108301.pdf (last access: 24 October 2023), 2006. a
Coaffee, J.: Risk, resilience, and environmentally sustainable cities, Energ. Policy, 36, 4633–4638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.048, 2008. a
Coetzee, C. and Van, N. D.: Tracking the evolution of the disaster management cycle: a general system theory approach: original research, Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 4, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v4i1.54, 2012. a
Comerio, M. C.: Disaster Recovery and Community Renewal: Housing Approaches, Cityscape, 16, 51–68, 2014. a
Contreras, D.: Fuzzy Boundaries Between Post-Disaster Phases: The Case of L'Aquila, Italy, Int. J. Disast. Risk Sc., 7, 277–292, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-016-0095-4, 2016. a
Contreras, D., Blaschke, T., Kienberger, S., and Zeil, P.: Spatial connectivity as a recovery process indicator: The L'Aquila earthquake, Technol. Forecast. Soc., 80, 1782–1803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.001, 2013. a, b
Contreras, D., Blaschke, T., Kienberger, S., and Zeil, P.: Myths and realities about the recovery of L'Aquila after the earthquake, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 8, 125–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.02.001, 2014. a, b
Contreras, D., Blaschke, T., and Hodgson, M. E.: Lack of spatial resilience in a recovery process: Case L'Aquila, Italy, Technol. Forecast. Soc., 121, 76–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.12.010, 2017. a
CRED: 2021 Disasters in numbers, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED), https://reliefweb.int/report/world/2021-disasters-numbers (last access: 5 March 2023), 2022. a
Crosti, C., Duthinh, D., and Simiu, E.: Risk Consistency and Synergy in Multihazard Design, J. Struct. Eng., 137, 844–849, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000335, 2011. a
Curt, C.: Multirisk: What trends in recent works? – A bibliometric analysis, Sci. Total Environ., 763, 142951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142951, 2021. a
Cutter, S. L., Emrich, C. T., Mitchell, J. T., Boruff, B. J., Gall, M., Schmidtlein, M. C., Burton, C. G., and Melton, G.: The Long Road Home: Race, Class, and Recovery from Hurricane Katrina, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 48, 8–20, https://doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.48.2.8-20, 2006. a
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., and Webb, J.: A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters, Global Environ. Chang., 18, 598–606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013, 2008. a
da Silva, J., Kernaghan, S., and Luque, A.: A systems approach to meeting the challenges of urban climate change, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 4, 125–145, https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2012.718279, 2012. a
Daly, P., Barenstein, J. D., Hollenbach, P., and Ninglekhu, S.: Post-disaster housing reconstruction in urban areas in Nepal, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/10836IIED.pdf (last access: 24 October 2023), 2017. a, b
David R., G., Adam, R., Elliott, M., Keith, P., and Carol, T. W.: Estimating the value of foresight: aggregate analysis of natural hazard mitigation benefits and costs, J. Environ. Plann. Man., 52, 739–756, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560903083715, 2009. a
Davidson, C. H., Johnson, C., Lizarralde, G., Dikmen, N., and Sliwinski, A.: Truths and myths about community participation in post-disaster housing projects, Habitat Int., 31, 100–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.08.003, 2007. a
Davis, I.: Learning from Disaster Recovery: Guidance for Decision Makers: Executive Summary, International Recovery Platform, https://www.undrr.org/publication/learning-disaster-recovery-guidance-decision-makers-executive-summary (last access: 24 October 2023), 2007. a, b
Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., Wilkinson, C., Fünfgeld, H., McEvoy, D., Porter, L., and Davoudi, S.: Resilience: A Bridging Concept or a Dead End? “Reframing” Resilience: Challenges for Planning Theory and Practice Interacting Traps: Resilience Assessment of a Pasture Management System in Northern Afghanistan Urban Resilience: What Does it Mean in Planning Practice? Resilience as a Useful Concept for Climate Change Adaptation? The Politics of Resilience for Planning: A Cautionary Note, Planning Theory & Practice, 13, 299–333, https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124, 2012. a
De Angeli, S., Malamud, B. D., Rossi, L., Taylor, F. E., Trasforini, E., and Rudari, R.: A multi-hazard framework for spatial-temporal impact analysis, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 73, 102829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102829, 2022. a, b, c, d
de Ruiter, M. C., Couasnon, A., van den Homberg, M. J. C., Daniell, J. E., Gill, J. C., and Ward, P. J.: Why We Can No Longer Ignore Consecutive Disasters, Earth's Future, 8, e2019EF001425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001425, 2020. a, b, c
de Ruiter, M. C., de Bruijn, J. A., Englhardt, J., Daniell, J. E., de Moel, H., and Ward, P. J.: The Asynergies of Structural Disaster Risk Reduction Measures: Comparing Floods and Earthquakes, Earth's Future, 9, e2020EF001531, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001531, 2021. a
Deen, S.: Pakistan 2010 floods. Policy gaps in disaster preparedness and response, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 12, 341–349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.03.007, 2015. a
Degg, M. R. and Chester, D. K.: Seismic and volcanic hazards in Peru: changing attitudes to disaster mitigation, Geogr. J., 171, 125–145, 2005. a
Delilah Roque, A., Pijawka, D., and Wutich, A.: The Role of Social Capital in Resiliency: Disaster Recovery in Puerto Rico, Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 11, 204–235, https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12187, 2020. a, b
Der Sarkissian, R., Abdallah, C., Zaninetti, J.-M., and Najem, S.: Modelling intra-dependencies to assess road network resilience to natural hazards, Nat. Hazards, 103, 121–137, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03962-5, 2020. a, b
Der Sarkissian, R., Dabaj, A., Diab, Y., and Vuillet, M.: Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma, Sustainability, 13, 3133, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063133, 2021. a
Der Sarkissian, R., Cariolet, J.-M., Diab, Y., and Vuillet, M.: Investigating the importance of critical infrastructures' interdependencies during recovery; lessons from Hurricane Irma in Saint-Martin's island, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 67, 102675, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102675, 2022. a
Desouza, K. C. and Flanery, T. H.: Designing, planning, and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework, Cities, 35, 89–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.06.003, 2013. a
Dong, S., Malecha, M., Farahmand, H., Mostafavi, A., Berke, P. R., and Woodruff, S. C.: Integrated infrastructure-plan analysis for resilience enhancement of post-hazards access to critical facilities, Cities, 117, 103318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103318, 2021. a
Du, L. and Peeta, S.: A Stochastic Optimization Model to Reduce Expected Post-Disaster Response Time Through Pre-Disaster Investment Decisions, Networks and Spatial Economics, 14, 271–295, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-013-9219-1, 2014.
Dudenhoeffer, D. D., Permann, M. R., and Manic, M.: CIMS: A Framework for Infrastructure Interdependency Modeling and Analysis, in: Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, 478–485, 3–6 December 2006, Monterey, CA, USA, https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2006.323119, 2006. a
Dunford, M. and Li, L.: Earthquake reconstruction in Wenchuan: Assessing the state overall plan and addressing the “forgotten phase”, Appl. Geogr., 31, 998–1009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.001, 2011. a, b, c
Durham, K.: Treating the risks in Cairns, Nat. Hazards, 30, 251–261, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026174602731, 2003. a
Dwyer, C. and Horney, J.: Validating Indicators of Disaster Recovery with Qualitative Research, PLoS Currents, 6, ecurrents.dis.ec60 859ff436 919e096d51ef7d50 736f, https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.ec60859ff436919e096d51ef7d50736f, 2014. a
Esteban, M., Onuki, M., Ikeda, I., and Akiyama, T.: Chapter 29 – Reconstruction Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami: Case Study of Otsuchi Town in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in: Handbook of Coastal Disaster Mitigation for Engineers and Planners, edited by: Esteban, M., Takagi, H., and Shibayama, T., 615–631, Butterworth-Heinemann, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801060-0.00029-0, 2015. a
Fang, Y. and Zio, E.: Game-Theoretic Decision Making for the Resilience of Interdependent Infrastructures Exposed to Disruptions, in: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience: Theories, Methods, Tools and Technologies, edited by: Gritzalis, D., Theocharidou, M., and Stergiopoulos, G., Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications, 97–114, Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00024-0_6, 2019a.
Fang, Y.-P. and Zio, E.: An adaptive robust framework for the optimization of the resilience of interdependent infrastructures under natural hazards, Eur. J. Oper. Res., 276, 1119–1136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.01.052, 2019b.
Fang, Y.-P., Pedroni, N., and Zio, E.: Resilience-Based Component Importance Measures for Critical Infrastructure Network Systems, IEEE T. Reliab., 65, 502–512, https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2016.2521761, 2016. a
Fernandez, G. and Ahmed, I.: “Build back better” approach to disaster recovery: Research trends since 2006, Progress in Disaster Science, 1, 100003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100003, 2019. a, b, c
Folke, C.: Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses, Global Environ. Chang., 16, 253–267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002, 2006. a
Forino, G.: Disaster recovery: narrating the resilience process in the reconstruction of L’Aquila (Italy), Geogr. TIDSSKR, 115, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2014.973056, 2015. a
Freeman, P. K.: Allocation of post-disaster reconstruction financing to housing, Build. Res. Inf., 32, 427–437, https://doi.org/10.1080/0961321042000221016, 2004. a
Fussell, E.: The Long-Term Recovery of New Orleans’ Population After Hurricane Katrina, Am. Behav. Sci., 59, 1231–1245, https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764215591181, 2015. a
Gaillard, J.-C. and Mercer, J.: From knowledge to action: Bridging gaps in disaster risk reduction, Prog. Hum. Geog., 37, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512446717, 2013. a
Ganapati, N. E. and Mukherji, A.: Out of Sync: World Bank Funding for Housing Recovery, Postdisaster Planning, and Participation, Nat. Hazards Rev., 15, 58–73, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000120, 2014. a
Garnett, J. D. and Moore, M.: Enhancing Disaster Recovery: Lessons from Exemplary International Disaster Management Practices, J. Homel. Secur. Emerg., 7, 40, https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1711, 2010. a
Cremen, G., Galasso, C., McCloskey, J., Barcena, A., Creed, M., Filippi, M. E., Gentile, R., Jenkins, L. T., Kalaycioglu, M., Mentese, E. Y., Muthusamy, M., Tarbali, K., and Trogrlić, R. Š.: A state-of-the-art decision-support environment for risk-sensitive and pro-poor urban planning and design in Tomorrow's cities, Int. J. Disast., 85, 103400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103400, 2023 a
Gentile, R., Galasso, C., Idris, Y., Rusydy, I., and Meilianda, E.: From rapid visual survey to multi-hazard risk prioritisation and numerical fragility of school buildings, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1365–1386, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1365-2019, 2019. a, b
GFDRR: Post-Disaster Needs Assessments, Volume A. Guidelines, European Commission, United Nations Development Group, and Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/post-disaster-needs-assessments-guidelines-volume-2013 (last access: 24 October 2023), 2013. a, b
Ghannad, P., Lee, Y.-C., Friedland, C. J., Choi, J. O., and Yang, E.: Multiobjective Optimization of Postdisaster Reconstruction Processes for Ensuring Long-Term Socioeconomic Benefits, J. Manage. Eng., 36, 04020038, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000799, 2020. a
Ghorbani-Renani, N., González, A. D., Barker, K., and Morshedlou, N.: Protection-interdiction-restoration: Tri-level optimization for enhancing interdependent network resilience, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 199, 106907, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.106907, 2020. a
Gill, J. C. and Malamud, B. D.: Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards, Rev. Geophys., 52, 680–722, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000445, 2014. a
Gill, J. C. and Malamud, B. D.: Hazard interactions and interaction networks (cascades) within multi-hazard methodologies, Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 659–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-659-2016, 2016. a
Goldschmidt, K. H. and Kumar, S.: Reducing the cost of humanitarian operations through disaster preparation and preparedness, Ann. Oper. Res., 283, 1139–1152, 2019. a
Grant, M. J. and Booth, A.: A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies, Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26, 91–108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x, 2009. a
Guidotti, R., Gardoni, P., and Rosenheim, N.: Integration of physical infrastructure and social systems in communities’ reliability and resilience analysis, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 185, 476–492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.01.008, 2019.
Haas, J., Kates, R., Bowden, M., and Amaral, D.: Reconstruction Following Disaster, Environmental Studies Series, MIT Press, ISBN 9780262080941, 1977. a
He, L.: We need land first: Identifying local needs for sustainable recovery after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-62, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, Finland, https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2018/504-6, 2018. a
He, L.: Identifying local needs for post-disaster recovery in Nepal, World Dev., 118, 52–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.005, 2019. a, b
He, L., Aitchison, J. C., Hussey, K., Wei, Y., and Lo, A.: Accumulation of vulnerabilities in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake: Household displacement, livelihood changes and recovery challenges, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 31, 68–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.04.017, 2018. a
He, L., Aitchison, J. C., Hussey, K., and Chen, Y.: Building new houses or long-term recovery? A combination of quantitative and qualitative evidence from earthquake-displaced households in Sichuan, China, Habitat Int., 83, 135–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.12.002, 2019. a, b
He, X. and Cha, E. J.: DIN II: incorporation of multi-level interdependencies and uncertainties for infrastructure system recovery modeling, Struct. Infrastruct. E., 17, 1566–1581, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1817104, 2021. a
Heo, B.-Y. and Heo, W.-H.: Economic Analysis of Disaster Management Investment Effectiveness in Korea, Sustainability, 11, 3011, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113011, 2019. a
Hinzpeter, K. and Sandholz, S.: Squaring the circle? Integrating environment, infrastructure and risk reduction in Post Disaster Needs Assessments, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 32, 113–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.05.016, 2018. a, b
Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Šakić Trogrlić, R., Reiter, K., Ward, P. J., de Ruiter, M. C., Duncan, M. J., Torresan, S., Ciurean, R., Mysiak, J., Stuparu, D., and Gottardo, S.: Toward a framework for systemic multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management, iScience, 26, 106736, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106736, 2023. a, b
Holling, C. S.: Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245, 1973. a
Gunderson, L. H. and Holling, C. S.: Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems, Island Press, Washington, DC, 507 pp., ISBN 1559638575, 2002. a
Holton, G. E. L.: Disasters and Democracy: The Politics of Extreme Natural Events, Electronic Green Journal, 1, 13, https://doi.org/10.5070/G311310409, 2000. a
Honjo, Y.: Implementation of the Kobe City Recovery Plan, Japan Social Innovation Journal, 1, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.12668/jsij.1.1, 2011. a
Horney, J., Nguyen, M., Salvesen, D., Tomasco, O., and Berke, P.: Engaging the public in planning for disaster recovery, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 17, 33–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.03.011, 2016. a
Ingram, J. C., Franco, G., Rumbaitis-del Rio, C., and Khazai, B.: Post-disaster recovery dilemmas: challenges in balancing short-term and long-term needs for vulnerability reduction, Environ. Sci. Policy, 9, 607–613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.07.006, 2006. a, b
Ismail, D., Majid, T. A., Roosli, R., and Ab Samah, N.: Project management success for post-disaster reconstruction projects: International NGOs perspectives, Proc. Econ. Financ., 18, 120–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00921-6, 2014. a
Iuchi, K.: Planning resettlement after disasters, J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 80, 413–425, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.978353, 2014. a
Iuchi, K., Maly, E., and Johnson, L.: Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake, in: Post-Tsunami Hazard: Reconstruction and Restoration, edited by: Santiago-Fandiño, V., Kontar, Y., and Kaneda, Y., Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 29–46, Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10202-3_3, 2015. a
Jenkins, L. T., Creed, M. J., Tarbali, K., Muthusamy, M., Šakić Trogrlić, R., Phillips, J. C., Watson, C. S., Sinclair, H. D., Galasso, C., and McCloskey, J.: Physics-based simulations of multiple natural hazards for risk-sensitive planning and decision making in expanding urban regions, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 84, 103338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103338, 2023. a
Kates, R. W. and Pijawka, D.: From rubble to monument: the pace of reconstruction, in: Reconstruction Following Disaster, edited by: Haas, J., Kates, R., Bowden, M., and Amaral, D., 1–23, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1977. a
Kates, R. W., Colten, C. E., Laska, S., and Leatherman, S. P.: Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: A research perspective, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 14653–14660, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605726103, 2006. a
Kawasaki, A. and Rhyner, J.: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Roles of Science, Technology, and Education, Journal of Disaster Research, 13, 1181–1186, https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1181, 2018. a
Kennedy, J., Ashmore, J., Babister, E., and Kelman, I.: The Meaning of “Build Back Better”: Evidence From Post-Tsunami Aceh and Sri Lanka, J. Conting. Crisis Man., 16, 24–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2008.00529.x, 2008. a, b, c
Kim, K. and Olshansky, R. B.: The Theory and Practice of Building Back Better, J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 80, 289–292, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.988597, 2014. a
Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., and Thomalla, F.: Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?, Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 5, 35–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazards.2004.02.001, 2003. a
Kousky, C., Ritchie, L., Tierney, K., and Lingle, B.: Return on investment analysis and its applicability to community disaster preparedness activities: Calculating costs and returns, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re, 41, 101296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101296, 2019. a
Kurosaki, T.: Household-Level Recovery after Floods in a Tribal and Conflict-Ridden Society, World Dev., 94, 51–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.039, 2017. a, b
Labadie, J. R.: Auditing of post‐disaster recovery and reconstruction activities, Disaster Prev. Manag., 17, 575–586, https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560810918612, 2008. a
Leichenko, R.: Climate change and urban resilience, Curr. Opin. Env. Sust., 3, 164–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.12.014, 2011. a
Levine, J. N., Esnard, A.-M., and Sapat, A.: Population Displacement and Housing Dilemmas Due to Catastrophic Disasters, J. Plan. Lit., 22, 3–15, https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412207302277, 2007. a
Li, Y., Ahuja, A., and Padgett, J. E.: Review of Methods to Assess, Design for, and Mitigate Multiple Hazards, J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 26, 104–117, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000279, 2012. a
Liu, N., Zhang, J., Lin, W., Cheng, W., and Chen, Z.: Draining Tangjiashan Barrier Lake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Sci. China Ser. E, 52, 801–809, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0118-0, 2009. a
Liu, W., Song, Z., Ouyang, M., and Li, J.: Recovery-based seismic resilience enhancement strategies of water distribution networks, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe., 203, 107088, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107088, 2020.
Liu, X., Ferrario, E., and Zio, E.: Resilience Analysis Framework for Interconnected Critical Infrastructures, ASCE-ASME J. Risk and Uncert. in Engrg. Sys. Part B Mech. Engrg., 3, RISK-15-1115, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4035728, 2017. a
Liu, X., Fang, Y.-P., and Zio, E.: A Hierarchical Resilience Enhancement Framework for Interdependent Critical Infrastructures, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe., 215, 107868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107868, 2021.
Lyons, M.: Building Back Better: The Large-Scale Impact of Small-Scale Approaches to Reconstruction, World Dev., 37, 385–398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.006, 2009. a
MacRae, G. and Hodgkin, D.: Beyond the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake, in: Rebuilding Asia Following Natural Disasters: Approaches to Reconstruction in the Asia-Pacific Region, 261–283, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139683548.011, 2016. a
Malilay, J., Flanders, W. D., and Brogan, D.: A modified cluster-sampling method for post-disaster rapid assessment of needs., B. World Health Organ., 74, 399–405, 1996. a
Mannella, A., Di Ludovico, M., Sabino, A., Prota, A., Dolce, M., and Manfredi, G.: Analysis of the Population Assistance and Returning Home in the Reconstruction Process of the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake, Sustainability, 9, 1395, https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081395, 2017. a
Manyena, B., Machingura, F., and O'Keefe, P.: Disaster Resilience Integrated Framework for Transformation (DRIFT): A new approach to theorising and operationalising resilience, World Dev., 123, 104587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.011, 2019. a
Marshall, M. I. and Schrank, H. L.: Small business disaster recovery: a research framework, Nat. Hazards, 72, 597–616, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-1025-z, 2014. a
Marzocchi, W., Di Ruocco, A., and Mastellone, M. L.: Principles of multi-risk assessment: interaction amongst natural and man-induced risks, European Commission, ISBN 978-92-79-07963-4, 2009. a
Marzocchi, W., Garcia-Aristizabal, A., Gasparini, P., Mastellone, M. L., and Di Ruocco, A.: Basic principles of multi-risk assessment: a case study in Italy, Nat. Hazards, 62, 551–573, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0092-x, 2012. a
Masiero, G. and Santarossa, M.: Natural disasters and electoral outcomes, Eur. J. Polit. Econ., 67, 101983, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101983, 2021. a
McEntire, D. A., Fuller, C., Johnston, C. W., and Weber, R.: A Comparison of Disaster Paradigms: The Search for a Holistic Policy Guide, Public Admin. Rev., 62, 267–281, https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00178, 2002. a, b
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., and Stults, M.: Defining urban resilience: A review, Landscape Urban Plan., 147, 38–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011, 2016. a, b
Mileti, D.: Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Nat. Hazards in the United States, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, ISBN 978-0-309-26173-9, https://doi.org/10.17226/5782, 1999. a, b
Miri, M., Raziei, T., Zand, M., and Kousari, M. R.: Synoptic aspects of two flash flood-inducing heavy rainfalls in southern Iran during 2019–2020, Nat. Hazards, 115, 2655–2672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05658-4, 2023. a
Mitsova, D., Escaleras, M., Sapat, A., Esnard, A.-M., and Lamadrid, A. J.: The Effects of Infrastructure Service Disruptions and Socio-Economic Vulnerability on Hurricane Recovery, Sustainability, 11, 516, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020516, 2019. a
Mudassir, G.: Social-Based Physical Reconstruction Planning in Case of Natural Disaster: A Machine Learning Approach, in: Research Challenges in Information Science, edited by: Dalpiaz, F., Zdravkovic, J., and Loucopoulos, P., Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 604–612, Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50316-1_44, 2020.
Muskat, B., Nakanishi, H., and Blackman, D.: Integrating tourism into disaster recovery management: the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011, CABI Series in Tourism Management Research, 97–115, https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1079/9781780643250.0097 (last access: 10 October 2023), 2015. a
Mutch, C.: The role of schools in disaster preparedness, response and recovery: what can we learn from the literature?, Pastoral Care in Education, 32, 5–22, https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2014.880123, 2014. a
Nakanishi, H. and Black, J.: Implicit and explicit knowledge in flood evacuations with a case study of Takamatsu, Japan, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 28, 788–797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.02.008, 2018. a, b, c, d
Naserieh, S., Ghofrani, H., Shoja-Taheri, J., Dezvareh, M., and Mirzaei Alavijeh, H.: Strong Ground-Motion Characteristics Observed in the November 12, 2017, Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran Earthquake, J. Earthq. Eng., 26, 3488–3505, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2020.1806950, 2022. a
Nelson, D. R., Adger, W. N., and Brown, K.: Adaptation to Environmental Change: Contributions of a Resilience Framework, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 32, 395–419, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.32.051807.090348, 2007. a
Oliver-Smith, A.: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction and Social Inequality: A Challenge to Policy and Practice, Disasters, 14, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb00968.x, 1990. a
Olshansky, R. B.: Planning after hurricane Katrina, J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 72, 147–153, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360608976735, 2006. a
Omarzadeh, D., Karimzadeh, S., Matsuoka, M., and Feizizadeh, B.: Earthquake Aftermath from Very High-Resolution WorldView-2 Image and Semi-Automated Object-Based Image Analysis (Case Study: Kermanshah, Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran), Remote Sens., 13, 4272, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214272, 2021. a
Ouyang, M.: Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 121, 43–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.040, 2014. a
Ouyang, M., Dueñas-Osorio, L., and Min, X.: A three-stage resilience analysis framework for urban infrastructure systems, Struct. Saf., 36–37, 23–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2011.12.004, 2012.
Ouyang, M., Liu, C., and Xu, M.: Value of resilience-based solutions on critical infrastructure protection: Comparing with robustness-based solutions, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 190, 106506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106506, 2019.
Pant, R., Barker, K., and Zobel, C. W.: Static and dynamic metrics of economic resilience for interdependent infrastructure and industry sectors, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe, 125, 92–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.09.007, 2014. a
Parker, R. S.: Hazards of Nature, Risks to Development, The World Bank, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6650-9, 2006. a
Peacock, W., Morrow, B. H., and Gladwin, H.: Hurricane Andrew and the reshaping of Miami: Ethnicity, gender, and the socio-political ecology of disasters, Routledge, London, 1st edn., https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203351628, 1997. a
Perce, K. H.: Disaster recovery: lessons learned from an occupational health and human resources perspective, AAOHN journal: official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 55, 235–240, https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990705500603, 2007. a
Platt, S. and So, E.: Speed or deliberation: a comparison of post-disaster recovery in Japan, Turkey, and Chile, Disasters, 41, 696–727, https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12219, 2017. a
Quarantelli, E. L.: The Disaster Recovery Process: What We Know And Do Not Know From Research, in: International Forum on Civil Protection, 20 March 1999, Foligno, Italy, https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128100676 (last access: 10 October 2023), 1999. a
Raju, E. and Becker, P.: Multi-organisational coordination for disaster recovery: The story of post-tsunami Tamil Nadu, India, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 4, 82–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.02.004, 2013. a, b
Rinaldi, S., Peerenboom, J., and Kelly, T.: Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies, IEEE Contr. Syst. Mag., 21, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.1109/37.969131, 2001. a
Rind, D.: Complexity and Climate, Science, 284, 105–107, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.105, 1999. a
Ritchie, H. and Roser, M.: Urbanization, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization (last access: 24 October 2023), 2018. a
Rodríguez, H., Donner, W., and Trainor, J. E. (Eds.): Handbook of Disaster Research, Springer International Publishing, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4, 2018. a
Rosato, V., Pietro, A. D., Kotzanikolaou, P., Stergiopoulos, G., and Smedile, G.: Integrating Resilience in Time-based Dependency Analysis: A Large-Scale Case Study for Urban Critical Infrastructures, in: Issues on Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection, edited by: Rosato, V. and Pietro, A. D., chap. 5, IntechOpen, Rijeka, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97809, 2021.
Rosenheim, N., Guidotti, R., Gardoni, P., and Peacock, W. G.: Integration of detailed household and housing unit characteristic data with critical infrastructure for post-hazard resilience modeling, Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 6, 385–401, https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2019.1681821, 2021.
Rotimi, J. O., Wilkinson, S., Zuo, K., and Myburgh, D.: Legislation for effective post‐disaster reconstruction, Int. J. Strateg. Prop. M., 13, 143–152, https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-715X.2009.13.143-152, 2009. a
Rubin, C. B.: Long Term Recovery from Disasters – The Neglected Component of Emergency Management, J. Homel. Secur. Emerg., 6, 46, https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1616, 2009. a, b
Rubin, C. B. and Barbee, D. G.: Disaster Recovery and Hazard Mitigation: Bridging the Intergovernmental Gap, Public Admin. Rev., 45, 57–63, https://doi.org/10.2307/3134998, 1985. a, b
Runkle, J. D., Brock-Martin, A., Karmaus, W., and Svendsen, E. R.: Secondary Surge Capacity: A Framework for Understanding Long-Term Access to Primary Care for Medically Vulnerable Populations in Disaster Recovery, Am. J. Public Health, 102, e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301027, 2012. a
Rus, K., Kilar, V., and Koren, D.: Resilience assessment of complex urban systems to natural disasters: A new literature review, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 31, 311–330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.05.015, 2018. a, b
Ryan, R., Wortley, L., and She, E.: Evaluations of post-disaster recovery: A review of practice material, Evidence Base, 4, 1–33, https://doi.org/10.21307/eb-2016-001, 2016. a
Rykiel Jr., E. J.: Towards a definition of ecological disturbance, Aust. J. Ecol., 10, 361–365, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1985.tb00897.x, 1985. a
Sadiqi, Z., Trigunarsyah, B., and Coffey, V.: A framework for community participation in post-disaster housing reconstruction projects: A case of Afghanistan, Int. J. Proj. Manag., 35, 900–912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.11.008, 2017. a
Schlumberger, J., Stuparu, D., Ciurean, R., Duncan, M., Mysiak, J., Khazai, B., Dochiu, C., and Claassen, J.: D1.3 – Report on policies, policy-making processes, and governance for multi-hazard, multi-risk management, https://www.myriadproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/D1.3_Review-of-policy-and-governance_v3.pdf, project deliverable MYRIAD-EU (last access: 24 October 2023), 2022. a
Sevieri, G., Galasso, C., D'Ayala, D., De Jesus, R., Oreta, A., Grio, M. E. D. A., and Ibabao, R.: A multi-hazard risk prioritisation framework for cultural heritage assets, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1391–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1391-2020, 2020. a
Shaw, R., Gupta, M., and Sarma, A.: Community recovery and its sustainability: Lessons from Gujarat earthquake of India, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 18, 28–34, 2003. a
Smith, G., Martin, A., and Wenger, D. E.: Disaster Recovery in an Era of Climate Change: The Unrealized Promise of Institutional Resilience, in: Handbook of Disaster Research, edited by: Rodríguez, H., Donner, W., and Trainor, J. E., Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 595–619, Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_28, 2018. a
Smith, G. P. and Wenger, D.: Sustainable Disaster Recovery: Operationalizing An Existing Agenda, in: Handbook of Disaster Research, edited by: Rodríguez, H., Quarantelli, E. L., and Dynes, R. R., Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 234–257, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32353-4_14, 2007. a, b, c, d, e
Snyder, H.: Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines, J. Bus. Res., 104, 333–339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039, 2019. a
Sobhaninia, S. and Buckman, S. T.: Revisiting and adapting the Kates-Pijawka disaster recovery model: A reconfigured emphasis on anticipation, equity, and resilience, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 69, 102738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102738, 2022. a, b, c, d
Soltani-Sobh, A., Heaslip, K., Scarlatos, P., and Kaisar, E.: Reliability based pre-positioning of recovery centers for resilient transportation infrastructure, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 19, 324–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.09.004, 2016. a
Sovacool, B. K.: Don’t let disaster recovery perpetuate injustice, Nature, 549, 433–433, https://doi.org/10.1038/549433a, 2017. a
Staupe-Delgado, R.: Overcoming Barriers to Proactive Response in Slow-onset Disasters. Contributing Paper to GAR 2019, https://www.preventionweb.net/publications/view/66508 (last access: 24 October 2023), 2019. a
Su, Y. and Le Dé, L.: Whose views matter in post-disaster recovery? A case study of “build back better” in Tacloban City after Typhoon Haiyan, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 51, 101786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101786, 2020. a
Sullivan, M.: Integrated Recovery Management: A New Way of Looking at a Delicate Process, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 18, 4–27, 2003. a
Talbot, J., Poleacovschi, C., Hamideh, S., and Santos-Rivera, C.: Informality in Postdisaster Reconstruction: The Role of Social Capital in Reconstruction Management in Post–Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico, J. Manage. Eng., 36, 04020074, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000833, 2020. a
Tanner, T., Mitchell, T., Polack, E., and Guenther, B.: Urban Governance for Adaptation: Assessing Climate Change Resilience in Ten Asian Cities, IDS Working Papers, 2009, 01–47, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2009.00315_2.x, 2009. a
Tatham, P. and Houghton, L.: The wicked problem of humanitarian logistics and disaster relief aid, Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 1, 15–31, https://doi.org/10.1108/20426741111122394, 2011. a
Terzi, S., De Angeli, S., Miozzo, D., Massucchielli, L. S., Szarzynski, J., Carturan, F., and Boni, G.: Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy to advance multi-hazard disaster risk management, Progress in Disaster Science, 16, 100268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100268, 2022. a, b
Thomalla, F., Lebel, L., Boyland, M., Marks, D., Kimkong, H., Tan, S. B., and Nugroho, A.: Long-term recovery narratives following major disasters in Southeast Asia, Reg. Environ. Change, 18, 1211–1222, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1260-z, 2018. a
Tierney, K. and Oliver-Smith, A.: Social Dimensions of Disaster Recovery, International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 30, 123–146, https://doi.org/10.1177/028072701203000210, 2012. a, b
Tilloy, A., Malamud, B. D., Winter, H., and Joly-Laugel, A.: A review of quantification methodologies for multi-hazard interrelationships, Earth-Sci. Rev., 196, 102881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102881, 2019. a
Twigg, J.: Disaster risk reduction, Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group London, https://odihpn.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/GPR-9-web-string-1.pdf (last access: 8 October 2023), 2015. a
UNDRR: International Recovery Platform, https://recovery.preventionweb.net/international-recovery-platform (last access: 25 September 2023), 2022. a
Vale, L. J. and Campanella, T. J.: The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster, Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195175844.001.0001, 2005. a
Šakić Trogrlić, R., Rijke, J., Dolman, N., and Zevenbergen, C.: Rebuild by Design in Hoboken: A Design Competition as a Means for Achieving Flood Resilience of Urban Areas through the Implementation of Green Infrastructure, Water, 10, 553, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050553, 2018. a
Šakić Trogrlić, R., Duncan, M., Wright, G., van den Homberg, M., Adeloye, A., Mwale, F., and McQuistan, C.: External stakeholders’ attitudes towards and engagement with local knowledge in disaster risk reduction: are we only paying lip service?, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 58, 102196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102196, 2021. a
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., and Kinzig, A.: Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems, Ecol. Soc., 9, 5, 2004. a
Ward, P. J., Daniell, J., Duncan, M., Dunne, A., Hananel, C., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Tijssen, A., Torresan, S., Ciurean, R., Gill, J. C., Sillmann, J., Couasnon, A., Koks, E., Padrón-Fumero, N., Tatman, S., Tronstad Lund, M., Adesiyun, A., Aerts, J. C. J. H., Alabaster, A., Bulder, B., Campillo Torres, C., Critto, A., Hernández-Martín, R., Machado, M., Mysiak, J., Orth, R., Palomino Antolín, I., Petrescu, E.-C., Reichstein, M., Tiggeloven, T., Van Loon, A. F., Vuong Pham, H., and de Ruiter, M. C.: Invited perspectives: A research agenda towards disaster risk management pathways in multi-(hazard-)risk assessment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1487–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1487-2022, 2022. a, b
Wilkinson, C.: Social-ecological resilience: Insights and issues for planning theory, Planning Theory, 11, 148–169, https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095211426274, 2012. a
Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., and Pawson, R.: RAMESES publication standards: meta-narrative reviews, BMC Med., 11, 20, https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-20, 2013. a
World Bank Group: Sierra Leone Rapid Damage and Loss Assessment of August 14th, 2017 Landslides and Floods in the Western Area, World Bank, https://doi.org/10.1596/28836, 2017. a
World Bank Group, United Nations, and European Union: Malawi Drought 2015–2016: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, World Bank, https://doi.org/10.1596/25781, 2016. a
Xu, Z., Ramirez-Marquez, J. E., Liu, Y., and Xiahou, T.: A new resilience-based component importance measure for multi-state networks, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 193, 106591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106591, 2020.
Yadollahie, M.: The Flood in Iran: A Consequence of the Global Warming?, The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 10, 54–56, https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2019.1681, 2019. a
Yamaguchi, R., Sato, M., and Ueta, K.: Measuring Regional Wealth and Assessing Sustainable Development: An Application to a Disaster-Torn Region in Japan, Soc. Indic. Res., 129, 365–389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1106-3, 2016. a
Yu, J.-Z. and Baroud, H.: Modeling Uncertain and Dynamic Interdependencies of Infrastructure Systems Using Stochastic Block Models, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 6, 020906, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046472, 2020.
Zamanifar, M. and Hartmann, T.: Optimization-based decision-making models for disaster recovery and reconstruction planning of transportation networks, Nat. Hazards, 104, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04192-5, 2020. a, b, c
Zhang, J., Zhang, M., and Li, G.: Multi-stage composition of urban resilience and the influence of pre-disaster urban functionality on urban resilience, Nat. Hazards, 107, 447–473, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04590-3, 2021. a, b, c
Zhang, Q.: Disaster response and recovery: Aid and social change, Annals of Anthropological Practice, 40, 86–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12090, 2016. a
Zhang, W. and Wang, N.: Resilience-based risk mitigation for road networks, Struct. Saf., 62, 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2016.06.003, 2016. a
Özerdem, A. and Rufini, G.: L'Aquila's reconstruction challenges: has Italy learned from its previous earthquake disasters?, Disasters, 37, 119–143, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01296.x, 2013. a
Short summary
This paper critically reviews disaster recovery literature from a multi-risk perspective. Identified key challenges encompass the lack of approaches integrating physical reconstruction and socio-economic recovery, the neglect of multi-risk interactions, the limited exploration of recovery from a pre-disaster planning perspective, and the low consideration of disaster recovery as a non-linear process in which communities need change over time.
This paper critically reviews disaster recovery literature from a multi-risk perspective....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint