Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment

Haridhi, Haekal A.; Huang, Bor Shouh; Wen, Kuo Liang; Mirza, Arif; Rizal, Syamsul; Purnawan, Syahrul; Fajri, Ilham; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Liu, Char Shine; Lee, Chao Shing; Wilson, Crispen R.; Wu, Tso-Ren; Setiawan, Ichsan; Phung, Van Bang

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 2

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Articles | Volume 23, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 2

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Research article

06 Feb 2023

Research article |

| 06 Feb 2023

Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment

Haekal A. Haridhi, Bor Shouh Huang, Kuo Liang Wen, Arif Mirza, Syamsul Rizal, Syahrul Purnawan, Ilham Fajri, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Char Shine Liu, Chao Shing Lee, Crispen R. Wilson, Tso-Ren Wu, Ichsan Setiawan, and Van Bang Phung

Haekal A. Haridhi

Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Research Center for Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Bor Shouh Huang

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

hwbs@earth.sinica.edu.tw

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1960

Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

Kuo Liang Wen

Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Arif Mirza

Ocean Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Syamsul Rizal

Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Research Center for Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Syahrul Purnawan

Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Research Center for Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Ilham Fajri

Department of Capture Fisheries, Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Aceh, Great Aceh, Indonesia

Frauke Klingelhoefer

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-0577

Ifremer, Department of Marine Geosciences, Plouzané, France

Char Shine Liu

Ocean Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Chao Shing Lee

Institute of Geosciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

Crispen R. Wilson

ENC, Washington, D.C., USA

Tso-Ren Wu

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-5364

Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Ichsan Setiawan

Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Research Center for Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Van Bang Phung

Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

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BibTeX: 59
EndNote: 69

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Total article views: 1,985 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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PDF: 521
XML: 62
Total: 1,985
Supplement: 79
BibTeX: 43
EndNote: 55

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2023	302	45	4	351
Mar 2023	123	42	6	171
Apr 2023	68	43	0	111
May 2023	36	13	4	53
Jun 2023	38	30	1	69
Jul 2023	35	15	1	51
Aug 2023	49	24	2	75
Sep 2023	64	28	5	97
Oct 2023	49	19	1	69
Nov 2023	30	5	1	36
Dec 2023	33	15	0	48
Jan 2024	32	22	1	55
Feb 2024	30	37	1	68
Mar 2024	49	26	1	76
Apr 2024	53	13	3	69
May 2024	37	15	8	60
Jun 2024	66	14	3	83
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	33	11	2	46
Sep 2024	28	12	5	45
Oct 2024	25	14	1	40
Nov 2024	32	12	1	45
Dec 2024	38	13	1	52
Jan 2025	49	19	1	69
Feb 2025	32	11	3	46
Mar 2025	42	12	0	54

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 06 Feb 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2023	302	45	4	351
Mar 2023	123	42	6	171
Apr 2023	68	43	0	111
May 2023	36	13	4	53
Jun 2023	38	30	1	69
Jul 2023	35	15	1	51
Aug 2023	49	24	2	75
Sep 2023	64	28	5	97
Oct 2023	49	19	1	69
Nov 2023	30	5	1	36
Dec 2023	33	15	0	48
Jan 2024	32	22	1	55
Feb 2024	30	37	1	68
Mar 2024	49	26	1	76
Apr 2024	53	13	3	69
May 2024	37	15	8	60
Jun 2024	66	14	3	83
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	33	11	2	46
Sep 2024	28	12	5	45
Oct 2024	25	14	1	40
Nov 2024	32	12	1	45
Dec 2024	38	13	1	52
Jan 2025	49	19	1	69
Feb 2025	32	11	3	46
Mar 2025	42	12	0	54

Total article views: 1,091 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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678	390	23	1,091	183	16	14

HTML: 678
PDF: 390
XML: 23
Total: 1,091
Supplement: 183
BibTeX: 16
EndNote: 14

Views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2023	302	45	4	351
Mar 2023	123	42	6	171
Apr 2023	68	43	0	111
May 2023	36	13	4	53
Jun 2023	38	30	1	69
Jul 2023	35	15	1	51
Aug 2023	49	24	2	75
Sep 2023	64	28	5	97
Oct 2023	49	19	1	69
Nov 2023	30	5	1	36
Dec 2023	33	15	0	48
Jan 2024	32	22	1	55
Feb 2024	30	37	1	68
Mar 2024	49	26	1	76
Apr 2024	53	13	3	69
May 2024	37	15	8	60
Jun 2024	66	14	3	83
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	33	11	2	46
Sep 2024	28	12	5	45
Oct 2024	25	14	1	40
Nov 2024	32	12	1	45
Dec 2024	38	13	1	52
Jan 2025	49	19	1	69
Feb 2025	32	11	3	46
Mar 2025	42	12	0	54

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 14 Jan 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2023	302	45	4	351
Mar 2023	123	42	6	171
Apr 2023	68	43	0	111
May 2023	36	13	4	53
Jun 2023	38	30	1	69
Jul 2023	35	15	1	51
Aug 2023	49	24	2	75
Sep 2023	64	28	5	97
Oct 2023	49	19	1	69
Nov 2023	30	5	1	36
Dec 2023	33	15	0	48
Jan 2024	32	22	1	55
Feb 2024	30	37	1	68
Mar 2024	49	26	1	76
Apr 2024	53	13	3	69
May 2024	37	15	8	60
Jun 2024	66	14	3	83
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	33	11	2	46
Sep 2024	28	12	5	45
Oct 2024	25	14	1	40
Nov 2024	32	12	1	45
Dec 2024	38	13	1	52
Jan 2025	49	19	1	69
Feb 2025	32	11	3	46
Mar 2025	42	12	0	54

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Total article views: 3,076 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,920 with geography defined and 156 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 1,985 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,907 with geography defined and 78 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 1,091 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,013 with geography defined and 78 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	873	28
Indonesia	2	470	15
China	3	247	8
Germany	4	161	5
Taiwan	5	143	4

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United States of America	1	558	28
Indonesia	2	320	16
China	3	204	10
Germany	4	70	3
India	5	58	2

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	315	28
Indonesia	2	150	13
Germany	3	91	8
Taiwan	4	90	8
China	5	43	3


Total:	0
HTML:	0
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873


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
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558


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

315

Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

8 citations as recorded by crossref.

Tsunami scenario triggered by the activity of the Mentawai Fault Zone offshore western Sumatra Island H. Haridhi et al. 10.1051/e3sconf/202344701012
Quantitative and visual analysis of tsunami warning research: A bibliometric study using web of science and VOSviewer N. Huang 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104307
Geo-hazards in the North Arabian Sea with special emphasis on Makran Subduction Zone S. Gardezi et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104846
An efficient two-dimensional non-hydrostatic model for simulating submarine landslide-generated tsunamis D. Tarwidi et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118750
Global Historical Megatsunamis Catalog (GHMCat) M. Ferrer & L. González-de-Vallejo 10.3390/geohazards5030048
Compounding impacts of the earthquake and submarine landslide on the Toyama Bay tsunami during the January 2024 Noto Peninsula event I. Mulia et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118698
Sediment deformation and structures formed by gas migration and seafloor exudation: An experimental approach G. Pimentel et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107501
Connecting community’s perspectives on tsunami risk to anticipated future tsunamis: a reflection from a progress of tsunami preparedness from a coastal community in Aceh-Indonesia after 19 years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami . Benazir et al. 10.1186/s40677-023-00252-7

7 citations as recorded by crossref.

Tsunami scenario triggered by the activity of the Mentawai Fault Zone offshore western Sumatra Island H. Haridhi et al. 10.1051/e3sconf/202344701012
Quantitative and visual analysis of tsunami warning research: A bibliometric study using web of science and VOSviewer N. Huang 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104307
Geo-hazards in the North Arabian Sea with special emphasis on Makran Subduction Zone S. Gardezi et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104846
An efficient two-dimensional non-hydrostatic model for simulating submarine landslide-generated tsunamis D. Tarwidi et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118750
Global Historical Megatsunamis Catalog (GHMCat) M. Ferrer & L. González-de-Vallejo 10.3390/geohazards5030048
Compounding impacts of the earthquake and submarine landslide on the Toyama Bay tsunami during the January 2024 Noto Peninsula event I. Mulia et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118698
Sediment deformation and structures formed by gas migration and seafloor exudation: An experimental approach G. Pimentel et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107501

1 citations as recorded by crossref.

Connecting community’s perspectives on tsunami risk to anticipated future tsunamis: a reflection from a progress of tsunami preparedness from a coastal community in Aceh-Indonesia after 19 years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami . Benazir et al. 10.1186/s40677-023-00252-7

Latest update: 29 Mar 2025

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Short summary

Near the northern end of Sumatra, the horizontal movement Sumatran fault zone extended to its northern offshore. The movement of offshore fault segments trigger submarine landslides and induce tsunamis. Scenarios of a significant tsunami caused by the combined effect of an earthquake and its triggered submarine landslide at the coast were proposed in this study. Based on our finding, the landslide tsunami hazard assessment and early warning systems in this region should be urgently considered.

Near the northern end of Sumatra, the horizontal movement Sumatran fault zone extended to its...

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