Articles | Volume 23, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3913-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3913-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Cost estimation for the monitoring instrumentation of landslide early warning systems
German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
Moritz Gamperl
Chair of Engineering Geology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
Marlene Kühnl
German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
Company for Remote Sensing and Environmental Research (SLU), 81243 Munich, Germany
Carolina Garcia-Londoño
Institute for Landscape Architecture, Leibniz University Hanover, 30419 Hanover, Germany
Geological Society of Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
John Singer
AlpGeorisk, 86609 Donauwörth, Germany
Hannes Taubenböck
German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
Institute for Geography and Geology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Scenario Planning for Food Tourism in Iran’s Rural Areas: Ranking Strategies Using Picture Fuzzy AHP and COPRAS D. Jamini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219524
- Integrating Expert Knowledge and Fuzzy Logic for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study of Mindoro Island, Philippines J. Calma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00795-9
- Deriving rainfall thresholds with XAI and GNSS measurements for a large landslide R. Franceschini et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-025-02657-x
- Preface: Multi-risk assessment in the Andes region E. Schoepfer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1163-2025
- Landslide monitoring and early warning: theories and technologies Q. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.67704/technol.2026.260001
- Review article: rainfall-induced landslide early warning systems through the lens of the early warnings for all framework – advances, gaps, and perspectives R. Salam et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5469-2026
- A comparative assessment of data-driven flood susceptibility mapping in Nigeria W. Montien Tique et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07868-y
- Insights into the development of a landslide early warning system prototype in an informal settlement: the case of Bello Oriente in Medellín, Colombia C. Werthmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1843-2024
- Development of a soil moisture forecasting method for a landslide early warning system (LEWS): Pilot cases in coastal regions of Brazil I. Sousa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104631
- Ultra‐High Sensitivity Real‐Time Monitoring of Landslide Surface Deformation via Triboelectric Nanogenerator C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410471
- High-precision monitoring for subsurface quasi-static processes in landslide and groundwater level via solid-liquid contact electrification X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112351
- Identification of potential failure zones in large progressive landslides: a method to optimize the cost of landslide early warning S. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06685-z
- Pixel-level landslide stability mapping based on three-dimensional time-series InSAR monitoring and dynamics factors extraction J. Lv et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.08.051
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Scenario Planning for Food Tourism in Iran’s Rural Areas: Ranking Strategies Using Picture Fuzzy AHP and COPRAS D. Jamini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219524
- Integrating Expert Knowledge and Fuzzy Logic for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study of Mindoro Island, Philippines J. Calma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00795-9
- Deriving rainfall thresholds with XAI and GNSS measurements for a large landslide R. Franceschini et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-025-02657-x
- Preface: Multi-risk assessment in the Andes region E. Schoepfer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1163-2025
- Landslide monitoring and early warning: theories and technologies Q. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.67704/technol.2026.260001
- Review article: rainfall-induced landslide early warning systems through the lens of the early warnings for all framework – advances, gaps, and perspectives R. Salam et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5469-2026
- A comparative assessment of data-driven flood susceptibility mapping in Nigeria W. Montien Tique et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07868-y
- Insights into the development of a landslide early warning system prototype in an informal settlement: the case of Bello Oriente in Medellín, Colombia C. Werthmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1843-2024
- Development of a soil moisture forecasting method for a landslide early warning system (LEWS): Pilot cases in coastal regions of Brazil I. Sousa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104631
- Ultra‐High Sensitivity Real‐Time Monitoring of Landslide Surface Deformation via Triboelectric Nanogenerator C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410471
- High-precision monitoring for subsurface quasi-static processes in landslide and groundwater level via solid-liquid contact electrification X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112351
- Identification of potential failure zones in large progressive landslides: a method to optimize the cost of landslide early warning S. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06685-z
- Pixel-level landslide stability mapping based on three-dimensional time-series InSAR monitoring and dynamics factors extraction J. Lv et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.08.051
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 10 Nov 2026
Editorial statement
Justification of handling editor:
The paper describes a methodology for designing an early-warning for landslides based in open source low cost instruments. This will be of interest to wider audiences since it is at the interface of earth sciences, Internet of Things (IOT), wireless sensor networks, and communications.
Justification of handling editor:
The paper describes a methodology for designing an...
Short summary
A new approach for the deployment of landslide early warning systems (LEWSs) is proposed. We combine data-driven landslide susceptibility mapping and population maps to identify exposed locations. We estimate the cost of monitoring sensors and demonstrate that LEWSs could be installed with a budget ranging from EUR 5 to EUR 41 per person in Medellín, Colombia. We provide recommendations for stakeholders and outline the challenges and opportunities for successful LEWS implementation.
A new approach for the deployment of landslide early warning systems (LEWSs) is proposed. We...
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