Articles | Volume 21, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2021-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2021-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 06 Jul 2021
| 06 Jul 2021
Regional analysis of multivariate compound coastal flooding potential around Europe and environs: sensitivity analysis and spatial patterns
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre
Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way,
Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Ivan D. Haigh
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre
Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way,
Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Ahmed A. Nasr
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering & National
Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, 12800
Pegasus Drive, Suite 211, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, USA
Thomas Wahl
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering & National
Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, 12800
Pegasus Drive, Suite 211, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, USA
Stephen E. Darby
School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of
Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
Robert J. Nicholls
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental
Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Cited
38 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Characterizing compound flooding potential and the corresponding driving mechanisms across coastal environments F. Jalili Pirani & M. Najafi 10.1007/s00477-022-02374-0
- Mapping Compound Flooding Risks for Urban Resilience in Coastal Zones: A Comprehensive Methodological Review H. Sun et al. 10.3390/rs16020350
- Temporal changes in dependence between compound coastal and inland flooding drivers around the contiguous United States coastline A. Nasr et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2023.100594
- On the generation of high‐resolution probabilistic design events capturing the joint occurrence of rainfall and storm surge in coastal basins H. Kim et al. 10.1002/joc.7825
- Understanding the compound flood risk along the coast of the contiguous United States D. Feng et al. 10.5194/hess-27-3911-2023
- Risk of compound flooding substantially increases in the future Mekong River delta M. Wood et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-3627-2024
- Progress and landscape of disaster science: Insights from computational analyses M. Yazdani et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104536
- Deriving the 100-Year Total Water Level around the Coast of Corsica by Combining Trivariate Extreme Value Analysis and Coastal Hydrodynamic Models J. Louisor et al. 10.3390/jmse9121347
- Compound flood events: analysing the joint occurrence of extreme river discharge events and storm surges in northern and central Europe P. Heinrich et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-1967-2023
- Enhanced understanding on spatial and dependence properties of rainfall extremes and storm tides in coastal cities J. Yuan et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132693
- Responses of runoff to changes in climate and human activities in the Liuhe River Basin, China M. Li et al. 10.1007/s40333-024-0023-1
- Perspective on uncertainty quantification and reduction in compound flood modeling and forecasting P. Abbaszadeh et al. 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105201
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al. 10.1007/s11069-025-07209-z
- The future of the Portuguese (SW Europe) most vulnerable coastal areas under climate change – Part II: Future extreme coastal flooding from downscaled bias corrected wave climate projections G. Lemos et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118448
- A hybrid statistical–dynamical framework for compound coastal flooding analysis Z. Wang et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad96ce
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- Sea Level Rise in Europe: Impacts and consequences R. van de Wal et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-5-2024
- Modeling compound flood risk and risk reduction using a globally applicable framework: a pilot in the Sofala province of Mozambique D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-2251-2023
- Compound flood impact forecasting: integrating fluvial and flash flood impact assessments into a unified system J. Láng-Ritter et al. 10.5194/hess-26-689-2022
- A Numerical Investigation of Hurricane Florence‐Induced Compound Flooding in the Cape Fear Estuary Using a Dynamically Coupled Hydrological‐Ocean Model D. Bao et al. 10.1029/2022MS003131
- Compound effects of sea level and flow on river-induced flooding in coastal areas of southern Sweden F. Inamdeen & M. Larson 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102032
- Testing tests before testing data: an untold tale of compound events and binary dependence F. Serinaldi et al. 10.1007/s00477-022-02190-6
- Estimating nearshore infragravity wave conditions at large spatial scales T. Leijnse et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1355095
- Quantifying compound flood event uncertainties in a wave and tidally dominated coastal region: The impacts of copula selection, sampling, record length, and precipitation gauge selection J. Lucey & T. Gallien 10.1111/jfr3.12984
- Thresholds for estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic–statistical modelling approach C. Lyddon et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024
- Tracking the spatial footprints of extreme storm surges around the coastline of the UK and Ireland P. Camus et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100662
- Assessing typhoon-induced compound flood drivers: a case study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam F. Rodrigues do Amaral et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-3379-2023
- Storm surges and extreme sea levels: Review, establishment of model intercomparison and coordination of surge climate projection efforts (SurgeMIP). N. Bernier et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100689
- Forest disturbance thresholds on summer low flows in the interior of British Columbia, Canada Y. Hou et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108173
- A multivariate statistical framework for mixed storm types in compound flood analysis P. Maduwantha et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024
- Modelling compound flooding: a case study from Jakarta, Indonesia W. Bennett et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-06001-1
- A Novel Framework for Parametric Analysis of Coastal Transition Zone Modeling T. Chegini et al. 10.1111/1752-1688.12983
- Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions J. Green et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
- Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling K. Jafarzadegan et al. 10.1029/2022RG000788
- A globally applicable framework for compound flood hazard modeling D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-823-2023
- Assessing the dependence structure between oceanographic, fluvial, and pluvial flooding drivers along the United States coastline A. Nasr et al. 10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021
- Historic Spatial Patterns of Storm-Driven Compound Events in UK Estuaries C. Lyddon et al. 10.1007/s12237-022-01115-4
- Daily synoptic conditions associated with occurrences of compound events in estuaries along North Atlantic coastlines P. Camus et al. 10.1002/joc.7556
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Characterizing compound flooding potential and the corresponding driving mechanisms across coastal environments F. Jalili Pirani & M. Najafi 10.1007/s00477-022-02374-0
- Mapping Compound Flooding Risks for Urban Resilience in Coastal Zones: A Comprehensive Methodological Review H. Sun et al. 10.3390/rs16020350
- Temporal changes in dependence between compound coastal and inland flooding drivers around the contiguous United States coastline A. Nasr et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2023.100594
- On the generation of high‐resolution probabilistic design events capturing the joint occurrence of rainfall and storm surge in coastal basins H. Kim et al. 10.1002/joc.7825
- Understanding the compound flood risk along the coast of the contiguous United States D. Feng et al. 10.5194/hess-27-3911-2023
- Risk of compound flooding substantially increases in the future Mekong River delta M. Wood et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-3627-2024
- Progress and landscape of disaster science: Insights from computational analyses M. Yazdani et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104536
- Deriving the 100-Year Total Water Level around the Coast of Corsica by Combining Trivariate Extreme Value Analysis and Coastal Hydrodynamic Models J. Louisor et al. 10.3390/jmse9121347
- Compound flood events: analysing the joint occurrence of extreme river discharge events and storm surges in northern and central Europe P. Heinrich et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-1967-2023
- Enhanced understanding on spatial and dependence properties of rainfall extremes and storm tides in coastal cities J. Yuan et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132693
- Responses of runoff to changes in climate and human activities in the Liuhe River Basin, China M. Li et al. 10.1007/s40333-024-0023-1
- Perspective on uncertainty quantification and reduction in compound flood modeling and forecasting P. Abbaszadeh et al. 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105201
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al. 10.1007/s11069-025-07209-z
- The future of the Portuguese (SW Europe) most vulnerable coastal areas under climate change – Part II: Future extreme coastal flooding from downscaled bias corrected wave climate projections G. Lemos et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118448
- A hybrid statistical–dynamical framework for compound coastal flooding analysis Z. Wang et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad96ce
- Spatial identification of regions exposed to multi-hazards at the pan-European level T. Antofie et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-287-2025
- Sea Level Rise in Europe: Impacts and consequences R. van de Wal et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-5-2024
- Modeling compound flood risk and risk reduction using a globally applicable framework: a pilot in the Sofala province of Mozambique D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-2251-2023
- Compound flood impact forecasting: integrating fluvial and flash flood impact assessments into a unified system J. Láng-Ritter et al. 10.5194/hess-26-689-2022
- A Numerical Investigation of Hurricane Florence‐Induced Compound Flooding in the Cape Fear Estuary Using a Dynamically Coupled Hydrological‐Ocean Model D. Bao et al. 10.1029/2022MS003131
- Compound effects of sea level and flow on river-induced flooding in coastal areas of southern Sweden F. Inamdeen & M. Larson 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102032
- Testing tests before testing data: an untold tale of compound events and binary dependence F. Serinaldi et al. 10.1007/s00477-022-02190-6
- Estimating nearshore infragravity wave conditions at large spatial scales T. Leijnse et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1355095
- Quantifying compound flood event uncertainties in a wave and tidally dominated coastal region: The impacts of copula selection, sampling, record length, and precipitation gauge selection J. Lucey & T. Gallien 10.1111/jfr3.12984
- Thresholds for estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic–statistical modelling approach C. Lyddon et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024
- Tracking the spatial footprints of extreme storm surges around the coastline of the UK and Ireland P. Camus et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100662
- Assessing typhoon-induced compound flood drivers: a case study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam F. Rodrigues do Amaral et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-3379-2023
- Storm surges and extreme sea levels: Review, establishment of model intercomparison and coordination of surge climate projection efforts (SurgeMIP). N. Bernier et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100689
- Forest disturbance thresholds on summer low flows in the interior of British Columbia, Canada Y. Hou et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108173
- A multivariate statistical framework for mixed storm types in compound flood analysis P. Maduwantha et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-4091-2024
- Modelling compound flooding: a case study from Jakarta, Indonesia W. Bennett et al. 10.1007/s11069-023-06001-1
- A Novel Framework for Parametric Analysis of Coastal Transition Zone Modeling T. Chegini et al. 10.1111/1752-1688.12983
- Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions J. Green et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025
- Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling K. Jafarzadegan et al. 10.1029/2022RG000788
- A globally applicable framework for compound flood hazard modeling D. Eilander et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-823-2023
- Assessing the dependence structure between oceanographic, fluvial, and pluvial flooding drivers along the United States coastline A. Nasr et al. 10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 20 May 2025
Short summary
In coastal regions, floods can arise through concurrent drivers, such as precipitation, river discharge, storm surge, and waves, which exacerbate the impact. In this study, we identify hotspots of compound flooding along the southern coast of the North Atlantic Ocean and the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. This regional assessment can be considered a screening tool for coastal management that provides information about which areas are more predisposed to experience compound flooding.
In coastal regions, floods can arise through concurrent drivers, such as precipitation, river...
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