Articles | Volume 20, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1867-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1867-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 01 Jul 2020
| 01 Jul 2020
Ambient conditions prevailing during hail events in central Europe
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Jan Wandel
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Elody Fluck
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
now at: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Sven Baumstark
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
now at: Heine + Jud, Stuttgart, Germany
Susanna Mohr
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Sebastian Schemm
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Radar-based assessment of hail frequency in Europe E. Fluck et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-683-2021
- Giant hail in Poland produced by a supercell merger in extreme instability – A sign of a warming climate? K. Piasecki et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106843
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- The climatology and nature of warm-season convective cells in cold-frontal environments over Germany G. Pacey et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-3703-2023
- Comparing ERA5 convective environments associated with hailstorms in Poland between 1948–1955 and 2015–2022 W. Pilorz et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107286
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- Dynamic and statistical analysis of giant hail environments in northeast Italy F. De Martin et al. 10.1002/qj.4945
- Hailstorms and rainstorms versus supercells—a regional analysis of convective storm types in the Alpine region M. Feldmann et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00352-z
- An object‐based method to study the life cycle of mesoscale convective systems and their environment from cloud‐resolving AROME‐France simulations G. Arnould et al. 10.1002/qj.4919
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- A comprehensive assessment of the temporal and spatial variation of hail producing convective storms over eastern India using weather radar B. Sama et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07059-0
- A machine learning model for the prediction of hail-affected area in Germany S. Li et al. 10.3389/feart.2025.1527391
- Multi-day hail clusters and isolated hail days in Switzerland – large-scale flow conditions and precursors H. Barras et al. 10.5194/wcd-2-1167-2021
- XGB+FM for Severe Convection Forecast and Factor Selection Z. Lu et al. 10.3390/electronics10030321
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- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes M. Taszarek et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0345.1
- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes M. Taszarek et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1
- Performance Analyzes of Thermodynamic Indices and Atmospheric Parameters in Thunderstorm and Non-thunderstorm Days in Istanbul, Turkey V. Yavuz 10.1007/s00024-024-03521-0
- Swabian MOSES 2021: An interdisciplinary field campaign for investigating convective storms and their event chains M. Kunz et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.999593
- Hail Climatology in the Mediterranean Basin Using the GPM Constellation (1999–2021) S. Laviola et al. 10.3390/rs14174320
- Modelling hail hazard over Italy with ERA5 large-scale variables V. Torralba et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2022.100535
- Characteristics of hail hazard in South Africa based on satellite detection of convective storms H. Punge et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-1549-2023
- Statistical relevance of meteorological ambient conditions and cell attributes for nowcasting the life cycle of convective storms J. Wilhelm et al. 10.1002/qj.4505
- Characteristics of Convective Parameters Derived from Rawinsonde and ERA5 Data Associated with Hailstorms in Northeastern Romania V. Istrate et al. 10.3390/meteorology2030023
- Supercell convective environments in Spain based on ERA5: hail and non-hail differences C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.5194/wcd-3-1021-2022
- Synoptic-thermodynamic analysis of hailstorm events (case study: Meshginshahr County, Iran, June 5 and 17, 2009 Hailstorms) B. Salahi & M. Behrouzi 10.1007/s40808-022-01374-x
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Radar-based assessment of hail frequency in Europe E. Fluck et al. 10.5194/nhess-21-683-2021
- Giant hail in Poland produced by a supercell merger in extreme instability – A sign of a warming climate? K. Piasecki et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106843
- The role of large-scale dynamics in an exceptional sequence of severe thunderstorms in Europe May–June 2018 S. Mohr et al. 10.5194/wcd-1-325-2020
- The climatology and nature of warm-season convective cells in cold-frontal environments over Germany G. Pacey et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-3703-2023
- Comparing ERA5 convective environments associated with hailstorms in Poland between 1948–1955 and 2015–2022 W. Pilorz et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107286
- Radar characteristics of seeded and unseeded hail clouds in Romania V. Istrate et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108028
- Dynamic and statistical analysis of giant hail environments in northeast Italy F. De Martin et al. 10.1002/qj.4945
- Hailstorms and rainstorms versus supercells—a regional analysis of convective storm types in the Alpine region M. Feldmann et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00352-z
- An object‐based method to study the life cycle of mesoscale convective systems and their environment from cloud‐resolving AROME‐France simulations G. Arnould et al. 10.1002/qj.4919
- Characterizing hail-prone environments using convection-permitting reanalysis and overshooting top detections over south-central Europe A. Giordani et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-2331-2024
- A comprehensive assessment of the temporal and spatial variation of hail producing convective storms over eastern India using weather radar B. Sama et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07059-0
- A machine learning model for the prediction of hail-affected area in Germany S. Li et al. 10.3389/feart.2025.1527391
- Multi-day hail clusters and isolated hail days in Switzerland – large-scale flow conditions and precursors H. Barras et al. 10.5194/wcd-2-1167-2021
- XGB+FM for Severe Convection Forecast and Factor Selection Z. Lu et al. 10.3390/electronics10030321
- Climatology of large hail in Europe: characteristics of the European Severe Weather Database F. Hulton & D. Schultz 10.5194/nhess-24-1079-2024
- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes M. Taszarek et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0345.1
- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes M. Taszarek et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1
- Performance Analyzes of Thermodynamic Indices and Atmospheric Parameters in Thunderstorm and Non-thunderstorm Days in Istanbul, Turkey V. Yavuz 10.1007/s00024-024-03521-0
- Swabian MOSES 2021: An interdisciplinary field campaign for investigating convective storms and their event chains M. Kunz et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.999593
- Hail Climatology in the Mediterranean Basin Using the GPM Constellation (1999–2021) S. Laviola et al. 10.3390/rs14174320
- Modelling hail hazard over Italy with ERA5 large-scale variables V. Torralba et al. 10.1016/j.wace.2022.100535
- Characteristics of hail hazard in South Africa based on satellite detection of convective storms H. Punge et al. 10.5194/nhess-23-1549-2023
- Statistical relevance of meteorological ambient conditions and cell attributes for nowcasting the life cycle of convective storms J. Wilhelm et al. 10.1002/qj.4505
- Characteristics of Convective Parameters Derived from Rawinsonde and ERA5 Data Associated with Hailstorms in Northeastern Romania V. Istrate et al. 10.3390/meteorology2030023
- Supercell convective environments in Spain based on ERA5: hail and non-hail differences C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.5194/wcd-3-1021-2022
Latest update: 23 Apr 2025
Short summary
Severe convective storms are major loss drivers across Europe. We reconstructed several thousand storm tracks from radar reflectivity over a 10-year period for parts of Europe. The tracks were additionally combined with hail reports, reanalysis data, and front detections based on ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis). It is found that frontal hailstorms on average produce larger hailstones and have longer tracks and that wind shear is important not only for the hail diameter but also for track length.
Severe convective storms are major loss drivers across Europe. We reconstructed several thousand...
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