Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2785-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2785-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 24 Oct 2018
| 24 Oct 2018
Combining probability distributions of sea level variations and wave run-up to evaluate coastal flooding risks
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Jan-Victor Björkqvist
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Milla M. Johansson
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Havu Pellikka
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Lauri Laakso
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Kimmo K. Kahma
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P. O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Viewed
Total article views: 5,251 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Jan 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,965 | 1,125 | 161 | 5,251 | 204 | 207 | 236 |
- HTML: 3,965
- PDF: 1,125
- XML: 161
- Total: 5,251
- Supplement: 204
- BibTeX: 207
- EndNote: 236
Total article views: 4,338 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 24 Oct 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,439 | 758 | 141 | 4,338 | 204 | 183 | 209 |
- HTML: 3,439
- PDF: 758
- XML: 141
- Total: 4,338
- Supplement: 204
- BibTeX: 183
- EndNote: 209
Total article views: 913 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Jan 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 526 | 367 | 20 | 913 | 24 | 27 |
- HTML: 526
- PDF: 367
- XML: 20
- Total: 913
- BibTeX: 24
- EndNote: 27
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,251 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,855 with geography defined
and 396 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,338 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,977 with geography defined
and 361 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 913 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 878 with geography defined
and 35 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Event-based wave statistics for the Baltic Sea J. Björkqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-10-2024
- Numerical simulations of wave climate in the Baltic Sea: a review T. Soomere https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2022.01.004
- Recent meteorological and marine studies to support nuclear power plant safety in Finland K. Jylhä et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.033
- The future of the Portuguese (SW Europe) most vulnerable coastal areas under climate change – Part II: Future extreme coastal flooding from downscaled bias corrected wave climate projections G. Lemos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118448
- The Importance of Marine Research Infrastructures in Capturing Processes and Impacts of Extreme Events N. Lo Bue et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.626668
- Impact of Seasonal Low on Sea Level Rise M. Baig et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2019.101003
- Bayesian hierarchical modelling of sea-level extremes in the Finnish coastal region O. Räty et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2403-2023
- Simulating sea level extremes from synthetic low-pressure systems J. Särkkä et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024
- A semi‐analytical Bayesian estimate retrieval algorithm for the inversion of remote‐sensing reflectance in optically deep and shallow waters S. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70004
- Multihazard simulation for coastal flood mapping: Bathtub versus numerical modelling in an open estuary, Eastern Canada D. Didier et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12505
- Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization V. Haapaniemi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102742
- A probabilistic approach to combine sea level rise, tide and storm surge into representative return periods of extreme total water levels: Application to the Portuguese coastal areas C. Antunes & G. Lemos https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109060
- Historical resurgences after tropical cyclones in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: A primary mechanism and hotspot T. Trinh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2026.105679
- Correlation of wind waves and sea level variations on the coast of the seasonally ice-covered Gulf of Finland M. Johansson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-813-2022
- Gauging mixed climate extreme value distributions in tropical cyclone regions J. O’Grady et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08382-y
- Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling K. Jafarzadegan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RG000788
- Variability of distributions of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry T. Soomere et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1047-2020
- Incorporating compound flood events in the weather service value chain J. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00077-4
- Highlighting the Use of UAV to Increase the Resilience of Native Hawaiian Coastal Cultural Heritage K. Steward et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122239
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Event-based wave statistics for the Baltic Sea J. Björkqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-10-2024
- Numerical simulations of wave climate in the Baltic Sea: a review T. Soomere https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2022.01.004
- Recent meteorological and marine studies to support nuclear power plant safety in Finland K. Jylhä et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.033
- The future of the Portuguese (SW Europe) most vulnerable coastal areas under climate change – Part II: Future extreme coastal flooding from downscaled bias corrected wave climate projections G. Lemos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118448
- The Importance of Marine Research Infrastructures in Capturing Processes and Impacts of Extreme Events N. Lo Bue et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.626668
- Impact of Seasonal Low on Sea Level Rise M. Baig et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2019.101003
- Bayesian hierarchical modelling of sea-level extremes in the Finnish coastal region O. Räty et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2403-2023
- Simulating sea level extremes from synthetic low-pressure systems J. Särkkä et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024
- A semi‐analytical Bayesian estimate retrieval algorithm for the inversion of remote‐sensing reflectance in optically deep and shallow waters S. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70004
- Multihazard simulation for coastal flood mapping: Bathtub versus numerical modelling in an open estuary, Eastern Canada D. Didier et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12505
- Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization V. Haapaniemi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102742
- A probabilistic approach to combine sea level rise, tide and storm surge into representative return periods of extreme total water levels: Application to the Portuguese coastal areas C. Antunes & G. Lemos https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109060
- Historical resurgences after tropical cyclones in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: A primary mechanism and hotspot T. Trinh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2026.105679
- Correlation of wind waves and sea level variations on the coast of the seasonally ice-covered Gulf of Finland M. Johansson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-813-2022
- Gauging mixed climate extreme value distributions in tropical cyclone regions J. O’Grady et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08382-y
- Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling K. Jafarzadegan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RG000788
- Variability of distributions of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry T. Soomere et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1047-2020
- Incorporating compound flood events in the weather service value chain J. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00077-4
- Highlighting the Use of UAV to Increase the Resilience of Native Hawaiian Coastal Cultural Heritage K. Steward et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122239
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 29 Jul 2026
Short summary
The coastal flooding risks based on the combined effect of sea level variations and wind-generated waves are estimated for the present, 2050 and 2100. The variability of the wave conditions between the two case study locations in the Helsinki archipelago leads to a difference in the safe building levels of up to 1 m. The rising mean sea level in the Gulf of Finland and the uncertainty of the associated scenarios contribute to the flooding risks notably in 2100.
The coastal flooding risks based on the combined effect of sea level variations and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint