Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2489-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2489-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Sep 2018
Research article |
| 18 Sep 2018
| 18 Sep 2018
A comparison of a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow model and a three-dimensional RANS model for predicting tsunami inundation and fluid forces
Xinsheng Qin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, More Hall Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Michael Motley
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, More Hall Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Randall LeVeque
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Frank Gonzalez
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Kaspar Mueller
School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of rising sea levels on future Nankai–Tonankai earthquake tsunamis: a case study of Osaka, Japan T. Takabatake & T. Kojima https://doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2022.2119256
- Pseudo-Probabilistic Design for High-Resolution Tsunami Simulations in the Southwestern Spanish Coast A. González et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3020016
- Revealing the physics of sediment ploughing by geophysical mass flows: Depth-averaged approach C. Choi & M. Nikooei https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.105119
- Tsunami Propagation and Flooding in Sicilian Coastal Areas by Means of a Weakly Dispersive Boussinesq Model C. Lo Re et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051448
- Numerical Calculations for Curved Open Channel Flows with Advanced Depth-Integrated Models F. Lugina et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1431-7
- Prototype-scale simulation of key wave parameters and force induced by black tsunamis X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124718
- Accelerating an Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code for Depth‐Averaged Flows Using GPUs X. Qin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001635
- Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy J. Selva et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00016-9
- Coupling Coastal and Hydrologic Models through Next Generation National Water Model Framework E. Hamidi et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6343
- A quasi three dimensional hydrodynamic model for velocity distribution in open channel A. Baruah & A. Sarma https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2020.1857665
- Connecting Soft and Hard: An Integrating Role of Systems Dynamics in Tsunami Modeling and Simulation M. Zanker et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6030039
- Modeling and Simulation of Tsunami Impact: A Short Review of Recent Advances and Future Challenges S. Marras & K. Mandli https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010005
- Subgrid-scale modeling of tsunami inundation in coastal urban areas N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2022.104175
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Photogrammetric Technic for 3D Tsunamis Safety Modeling in Cilacap, Indonesia M. Rezaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311310
- Source inversion and trans-Pacific simulation of the 2025 Kamchatka Mw 8.8 tsunami Z. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102733
- Simulation of landslide tsunami in the Russian Far East based on 3D Navier–Stokes equations A. Kozelkov et al. https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2023.16(3)-3
- Experimental and numerical investigation on tsunami run-up flow around coastal buildings H. Ishii et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2021.1949920
- Validation of the applicability of the particle-based open-source software DualSPHysics to violent flow fields K. Sato et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2021.1991608
- Numerical modelling of pump-driven tsunami generation and fluid-structure-interaction in idealized urbanized coastal areas during run-up F. Spröer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104654
- Subgrid modeling of storm surge inundation in a large coastal city considering building volumes N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104944
- Study on the Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Tsunami Hazard in the South China Sea F. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431126500120
- Horizontal dam-break flow past a blocking-drag region I. Eames & T. Robinson https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079188
- Landslide tsunamis: Comparison between depth-averaged and Navier–Stokes models A. Paris et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.104022
- Forest density is more effective than tree rigidity at reducing the onshore energy flux of tsunamis A. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104286
- LISFLOOD-FP 8.2: GPU-accelerated multiwavelet discontinuous Galerkin solver with dynamic resolution adaptivity for rapid, multiscale flood simulation A. Chowdhury & G. Kesserwani https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9827-2025
- Comparison of solitary wave overtopping characteristics between vertical and wave absorbing revetments W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111542
- Variations in Building-Resolving Simulations of Tsunami Inundation in a Coastal Urban Area N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000690
- Computer Simulation of Water Flow Animation Based on Two-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations R. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5157197
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of rising sea levels on future Nankai–Tonankai earthquake tsunamis: a case study of Osaka, Japan T. Takabatake & T. Kojima https://doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2022.2119256
- Pseudo-Probabilistic Design for High-Resolution Tsunami Simulations in the Southwestern Spanish Coast A. González et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3020016
- Revealing the physics of sediment ploughing by geophysical mass flows: Depth-averaged approach C. Choi & M. Nikooei https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.105119
- Tsunami Propagation and Flooding in Sicilian Coastal Areas by Means of a Weakly Dispersive Boussinesq Model C. Lo Re et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051448
- Numerical Calculations for Curved Open Channel Flows with Advanced Depth-Integrated Models F. Lugina et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1431-7
- Prototype-scale simulation of key wave parameters and force induced by black tsunamis X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124718
- Accelerating an Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code for Depth‐Averaged Flows Using GPUs X. Qin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001635
- Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy J. Selva et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00016-9
- Coupling Coastal and Hydrologic Models through Next Generation National Water Model Framework E. Hamidi et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6343
- A quasi three dimensional hydrodynamic model for velocity distribution in open channel A. Baruah & A. Sarma https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2020.1857665
- Connecting Soft and Hard: An Integrating Role of Systems Dynamics in Tsunami Modeling and Simulation M. Zanker et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6030039
- Modeling and Simulation of Tsunami Impact: A Short Review of Recent Advances and Future Challenges S. Marras & K. Mandli https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010005
- Subgrid-scale modeling of tsunami inundation in coastal urban areas N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2022.104175
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Photogrammetric Technic for 3D Tsunamis Safety Modeling in Cilacap, Indonesia M. Rezaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311310
- Source inversion and trans-Pacific simulation of the 2025 Kamchatka Mw 8.8 tsunami Z. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102733
- Simulation of landslide tsunami in the Russian Far East based on 3D Navier–Stokes equations A. Kozelkov et al. https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2023.16(3)-3
- Experimental and numerical investigation on tsunami run-up flow around coastal buildings H. Ishii et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2021.1949920
- Validation of the applicability of the particle-based open-source software DualSPHysics to violent flow fields K. Sato et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2021.1991608
- Numerical modelling of pump-driven tsunami generation and fluid-structure-interaction in idealized urbanized coastal areas during run-up F. Spröer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104654
- Subgrid modeling of storm surge inundation in a large coastal city considering building volumes N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104944
- Study on the Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Tsunami Hazard in the South China Sea F. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431126500120
- Horizontal dam-break flow past a blocking-drag region I. Eames & T. Robinson https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079188
- Landslide tsunamis: Comparison between depth-averaged and Navier–Stokes models A. Paris et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.104022
- Forest density is more effective than tree rigidity at reducing the onshore energy flux of tsunamis A. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104286
- LISFLOOD-FP 8.2: GPU-accelerated multiwavelet discontinuous Galerkin solver with dynamic resolution adaptivity for rapid, multiscale flood simulation A. Chowdhury & G. Kesserwani https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9827-2025
- Comparison of solitary wave overtopping characteristics between vertical and wave absorbing revetments W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111542
- Variations in Building-Resolving Simulations of Tsunami Inundation in a Coastal Urban Area N. Fukui et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000690
- Computer Simulation of Water Flow Animation Based on Two-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations R. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5157197
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jun 2026
Short summary
This article presents the comparison of two numerical models that model tsunami inundation that incorporates the built environment of coastal communities. It was found that the 2-D model did not accurately capture the important details of the flow near initial impact due to the transiency and large vertical variation of the flow. The 3-D model was able to capture transient characteristic of the flow, but at a much higher computational cost.
This article presents the comparison of two numerical models that model tsunami inundation that...
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