Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-243-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-243-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Feb 2017
Research article |
| 22 Feb 2017
A method to estimate freezing rain climatology from ERA-Interim reanalysis over Europe
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Otto Hyvärinen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Kirsti Jylhä
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Andrea Vajda
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Simo Neiglick
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Jaakko Nuottokari
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Hilppa Gregow
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
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Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Cold Waves and Heat Waves on the Energy Production Sector J. Añel et al. 10.3390/atmos8110209
- Ice-storm damage to trees in mixed Central European forests: damage patterns, predictors and susceptibility of tree species M. Klopčič et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpz068
- The European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA): Collaboration from bottom-up W. Hoke et al. 10.5194/adgeo-46-1-2019
- An Exceptional Case of Freezing Rain in Bucharest (Romania) S. Andrei et al. 10.3390/atmos10110673
- Natural disturbances risks in European Boreal and Temperate forests and their links to climate change – A review of modelling approaches J. Machado Nunes Romeiro et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120071
- Improving the Ramer scheme for diagnosis of freezing rain in China Z. Lu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105520
- Automated precipitation monitoring with the Thies disdrometer: biases and ways for improvement M. Fehlmann et al. 10.5194/amt-13-4683-2020
- Tree Damage by Ice Accumulation in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Stands Regarding Stand Characteristics S. Šēnhofa et al. 10.3390/f11060679
- Development of a Diagnostic Algorithm for Detecting Freezing Precipitation from ERA5 Dataset: An Adjustment to the Far East M. Pichugin et al. 10.3390/cli12120224
- Occurrence of Warm Freezing Rain: Observation and Modeling Study Z. Lu et al. 10.1029/2021JD036242
- Estimates of Present‐Day and Future Climatologies of Freezing Rain in Europe Based on CORDEX Regional Climate Models M. Kämäräinen et al. 10.1029/2018JD029131
- Near-0 °C surface temperature and precipitation type patterns across Canada E. Mekis et al. 10.5194/hess-24-1741-2020
- Determination of Surface Precipitation Type Based on the Data Fusion Approach M. Półrolniczak et al. 10.1007/s00376-020-0165-9
- Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation S. Hong et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3435-2022
- Recent meteorological and marine studies to support nuclear power plant safety in Finland K. Jylhä et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.033
- Evaluating NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 performance in complex terrain for forecasting key freezing rain factors W. Zou et al. 10.1007/s00704-024-05159-3
- Responses at the stand and tree level to ice storm injuries in beech forests in eastern Serbia B. Kanjevac et al. 10.21750/REFOR.16.02.107
- Remote Sensing Properties of Freezing Rain Events From Space A. Adhikari & C. Liu 10.1029/2019JD030788
- Attributing icing precipitations trend (1951-2098) in the context of climate change in Europe F. Raymond et al. 10.1051/climat/202321001
- Quantifying the compound hazard of freezing rain and wind gusts across CONUS J. Coburn et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad30a4
- Climatological study of freezing rain in Belgrade from 1949 to 2022 N. Kovačević et al. 10.1007/s00704-025-05426-x
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Cold Waves and Heat Waves on the Energy Production Sector J. Añel et al. 10.3390/atmos8110209
- Ice-storm damage to trees in mixed Central European forests: damage patterns, predictors and susceptibility of tree species M. Klopčič et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpz068
- The European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA): Collaboration from bottom-up W. Hoke et al. 10.5194/adgeo-46-1-2019
- An Exceptional Case of Freezing Rain in Bucharest (Romania) S. Andrei et al. 10.3390/atmos10110673
- Natural disturbances risks in European Boreal and Temperate forests and their links to climate change – A review of modelling approaches J. Machado Nunes Romeiro et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120071
- Improving the Ramer scheme for diagnosis of freezing rain in China Z. Lu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105520
- Automated precipitation monitoring with the Thies disdrometer: biases and ways for improvement M. Fehlmann et al. 10.5194/amt-13-4683-2020
- Tree Damage by Ice Accumulation in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Stands Regarding Stand Characteristics S. Šēnhofa et al. 10.3390/f11060679
- Development of a Diagnostic Algorithm for Detecting Freezing Precipitation from ERA5 Dataset: An Adjustment to the Far East M. Pichugin et al. 10.3390/cli12120224
- Occurrence of Warm Freezing Rain: Observation and Modeling Study Z. Lu et al. 10.1029/2021JD036242
- Estimates of Present‐Day and Future Climatologies of Freezing Rain in Europe Based on CORDEX Regional Climate Models M. Kämäräinen et al. 10.1029/2018JD029131
- Near-0 °C surface temperature and precipitation type patterns across Canada E. Mekis et al. 10.5194/hess-24-1741-2020
- Determination of Surface Precipitation Type Based on the Data Fusion Approach M. Półrolniczak et al. 10.1007/s00376-020-0165-9
- Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation S. Hong et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-3435-2022
- Recent meteorological and marine studies to support nuclear power plant safety in Finland K. Jylhä et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.033
- Evaluating NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 performance in complex terrain for forecasting key freezing rain factors W. Zou et al. 10.1007/s00704-024-05159-3
- Responses at the stand and tree level to ice storm injuries in beech forests in eastern Serbia B. Kanjevac et al. 10.21750/REFOR.16.02.107
- Remote Sensing Properties of Freezing Rain Events From Space A. Adhikari & C. Liu 10.1029/2019JD030788
- Attributing icing precipitations trend (1951-2098) in the context of climate change in Europe F. Raymond et al. 10.1051/climat/202321001
- Quantifying the compound hazard of freezing rain and wind gusts across CONUS J. Coburn et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad30a4
- Climatological study of freezing rain in Belgrade from 1949 to 2022 N. Kovačević et al. 10.1007/s00704-025-05426-x
Discussed (preprint)
Latest update: 10 Jul 2025
Short summary
Freezing rain is a high-impact wintertime weather phenomenon. The direct damage it causes to critical infrastructure (transportation, communication and energy) and forestry can be substantial. In this work a method for estimating the occurrence of freezing rain was evaluated and used to derive the climatology. The method was able to accurately reproduce the observed, spatially aggregated annual variability. The highest frequencies of freezing rain were found in eastern and central Europe.
Freezing rain is a high-impact wintertime weather phenomenon. The direct damage it causes to...
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