Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

Sättele, M.; Bründl, M.; Straub, D.

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-149-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-149-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-149-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 1

Research article

|

19 Jan 2016

Research article |

| 19 Jan 2016

Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

M. Sättele, M. Bründl, and D. Straub

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Total article views: 5,368 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,623	2,594	151	5,368	129	150

HTML: 2,623
PDF: 2,594
XML: 151
Total: 5,368
BibTeX: 129
EndNote: 150

Views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jul 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2015	17	18	0	35
Aug 2015	24	34	1	59
Sep 2015	11	7	2	20
Oct 2015	11	9	1	21
Nov 2015	10	6	1	17
Dec 2015	6	0	6
Jan 2016	107	49	3	159
Feb 2016	61	43	2	106
Mar 2016	48	25	1	74
Apr 2016	17	18	1	36
May 2016	13	20	0	33
Jun 2016	10	9	1	20
Jul 2016	7	17	1	25
Aug 2016	9	19	0	28
Sep 2016	13	18	0	31
Oct 2016	6	16	0	22
Nov 2016	7	7	1	15
Dec 2016	6	11	0	17
Jan 2017	8	16	0	24
Feb 2017	6	11	0	17
Mar 2017	21	22	0	43
Apr 2017	29	27	0	56
May 2017	31	28	1	60
Jun 2017	19	13	0	32
Jul 2017	29	27	0	56
Aug 2017	18	15	2	35
Sep 2017	14	19	0	33
Oct 2017	7	28	0	35
Nov 2017	12	36	1	49
Dec 2017	16	25	1	42
Jan 2018	10	39	0	49
Feb 2018	6	30	0	36
Mar 2018	9	34	1	44
Apr 2018	10	61	0	71
May 2018	4	45	0	49
Jun 2018	10	48	0	58
Jul 2018	8	39	1	48
Aug 2018	15	35	3	53
Sep 2018	8	24	1	33
Oct 2018	19	32	2	53
Nov 2018	15	40	3	58
Dec 2018	13	42	0	55
Jan 2019	19	27	0	46
Feb 2019	22	15	0	37
Mar 2019	23	20	1	44
Apr 2019	20	22	0	42
May 2019	14	26	2	42
Jun 2019	13	32	1	46
Jul 2019	36	46	1	83
Aug 2019	26	44	1	71
Sep 2019	33	33	1	67
Oct 2019	19	33	0	52
Nov 2019	16	26	0	42
Dec 2019	18	16	0	34
Jan 2020	35	14	3	52
Feb 2020	19	9	0	28
Mar 2020	12	7	1	20
Apr 2020	16	13	1	30
May 2020	30	18	1	49
Jun 2020	23	19	0	42
Jul 2020	46	26	21	93
Aug 2020	17	15	8	40
Sep 2020	20	16	0	36
Oct 2020	19	14	0	33
Nov 2020	17	10	2	29
Dec 2020	26	11	0	37
Jan 2021	29	12	0	41
Feb 2021	21	5	0	26
Mar 2021	30	11	1	42
Apr 2021	21	9	0	30
May 2021	19	12	1	32
Jun 2021	10	7	1	18
Jul 2021	13	7	1	21
Aug 2021	10	25	1	36
Sep 2021	21	20	0	41
Oct 2021	12	44	0	56
Nov 2021	26	35	0	61
Dec 2021	10	9	0	19
Jan 2022	10	22	2	34
Feb 2022	7	11	2	20
Mar 2022	9	12	0	21
Apr 2022	12	14	4	30
May 2022	8	9	0	17
Jun 2022	11	5	1	17
Jul 2022	5	9	1	15
Aug 2022	11	9	0	20
Sep 2022	6	9	1	16
Oct 2022	15	13	1	29
Nov 2022	23	13	1	37
Dec 2022	10	12	0	22
Jan 2023	15	10	2	27
Feb 2023	11	14	1	26
Mar 2023	16	13	3	32
Apr 2023	7	24	0	31
May 2023	33	22	4	59
Jun 2023	40	11	1	52
Jul 2023	17	10	1	28
Aug 2023	17	10	5	32
Sep 2023	30	24	1	55
Oct 2023	73	15	1	89
Nov 2023	33	10	1	44
Dec 2023	26	12	0	38
Jan 2024	22	20	2	44
Feb 2024	18	25	1	44
Mar 2024	27	18	4	49
Apr 2024	30	22	3	55
May 2024	37	20	3	60
Jun 2024	27	24	2	53
Jul 2024	21	18	3	42
Aug 2024	26	15	4	45
Sep 2024	25	17	2	44
Oct 2024	25	30	1	56
Nov 2024	15	11	0	26
Dec 2024	18	17	1	36
Jan 2025	25	21	0	46
Feb 2025	36	23	1	60
Mar 2025	39	13	0	52
Apr 2025	25	15	0	40
May 2025	30	10	1	41
Jun 2025	46	24	1	71
Jul 2025	63	36	2	101
Aug 2025	49	27	1	77
Sep 2025	39	27	2	68
Oct 2025	40	51	4	95
Nov 2025	20	21	0	41

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jul 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2015	17	18	0	35
Aug 2015	24	34	1	59
Sep 2015	11	7	2	20
Oct 2015	11	9	1	21
Nov 2015	10	6	1	17
Dec 2015	6	0	6
Jan 2016	107	49	3	159
Feb 2016	61	43	2	106
Mar 2016	48	25	1	74
Apr 2016	17	18	1	36
May 2016	13	20	0	33
Jun 2016	10	9	1	20
Jul 2016	7	17	1	25
Aug 2016	9	19	0	28
Sep 2016	13	18	0	31
Oct 2016	6	16	0	22
Nov 2016	7	7	1	15
Dec 2016	6	11	0	17
Jan 2017	8	16	0	24
Feb 2017	6	11	0	17
Mar 2017	21	22	0	43
Apr 2017	29	27	0	56
May 2017	31	28	1	60
Jun 2017	19	13	0	32
Jul 2017	29	27	0	56
Aug 2017	18	15	2	35
Sep 2017	14	19	0	33
Oct 2017	7	28	0	35
Nov 2017	12	36	1	49
Dec 2017	16	25	1	42
Jan 2018	10	39	0	49
Feb 2018	6	30	0	36
Mar 2018	9	34	1	44
Apr 2018	10	61	0	71
May 2018	4	45	0	49
Jun 2018	10	48	0	58
Jul 2018	8	39	1	48
Aug 2018	15	35	3	53
Sep 2018	8	24	1	33
Oct 2018	19	32	2	53
Nov 2018	15	40	3	58
Dec 2018	13	42	0	55
Jan 2019	19	27	0	46
Feb 2019	22	15	0	37
Mar 2019	23	20	1	44
Apr 2019	20	22	0	42
May 2019	14	26	2	42
Jun 2019	13	32	1	46
Jul 2019	36	46	1	83
Aug 2019	26	44	1	71
Sep 2019	33	33	1	67
Oct 2019	19	33	0	52
Nov 2019	16	26	0	42
Dec 2019	18	16	0	34
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Feb 2020	19	9	0	28
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May 2020	30	18	1	49
Jun 2020	23	19	0	42
Jul 2020	46	26	21	93
Aug 2020	17	15	8	40
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Oct 2020	19	14	0	33
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Apr 2021	21	9	0	30
May 2021	19	12	1	32
Jun 2021	10	7	1	18
Jul 2021	13	7	1	21
Aug 2021	10	25	1	36
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Dec 2021	10	9	0	19
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Feb 2022	7	11	2	20
Mar 2022	9	12	0	21
Apr 2022	12	14	4	30
May 2022	8	9	0	17
Jun 2022	11	5	1	17
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Aug 2022	11	9	0	20
Sep 2022	6	9	1	16
Oct 2022	15	13	1	29
Nov 2022	23	13	1	37
Dec 2022	10	12	0	22
Jan 2023	15	10	2	27
Feb 2023	11	14	1	26
Mar 2023	16	13	3	32
Apr 2023	7	24	0	31
May 2023	33	22	4	59
Jun 2023	40	11	1	52
Jul 2023	17	10	1	28
Aug 2023	17	10	5	32
Sep 2023	30	24	1	55
Oct 2023	73	15	1	89
Nov 2023	33	10	1	44
Dec 2023	26	12	0	38
Jan 2024	22	20	2	44
Feb 2024	18	25	1	44
Mar 2024	27	18	4	49
Apr 2024	30	22	3	55
May 2024	37	20	3	60
Jun 2024	27	24	2	53
Jul 2024	21	18	3	42
Aug 2024	26	15	4	45
Sep 2024	25	17	2	44
Oct 2024	25	30	1	56
Nov 2024	15	11	0	26
Dec 2024	18	17	1	36
Jan 2025	25	21	0	46
Feb 2025	36	23	1	60
Mar 2025	39	13	0	52
Apr 2025	25	15	0	40
May 2025	30	10	1	41
Jun 2025	46	24	1	71
Jul 2025	63	36	2	101
Aug 2025	49	27	1	77
Sep 2025	39	27	2	68
Oct 2025	40	51	4	95
Nov 2025	20	21	0	41

Latest update: 13 Nov 2025

Short summary

We suggest a generic classification of early warning systems for natural hazards, which distinguishes alarm, warning, and forecasting systems. On the basis of this classification, we developed a three-step framework for evaluating the effectiveness of such systems and illustrate its applicability using case studies. Our results will support practitioners in comparing the effectiveness of early warning systems with those of structural mitigation measures.