Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jun 2016
Research article |
| 21 Jun 2016
Global distribution of winter lightning: a threat to wind turbines and aircraft
Joan Montanyà
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
Ferran Fabró
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
Oscar van der Velde
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
Víctor March
Gamesa Innovation & Technology, Sarriguren (Navarra), Spain
Earle Rolfe Williams
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Nicolau Pineda
Meteorological Service of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
David Romero
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
Glòria Solà
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
Modesto Freijo
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain
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Cited
37 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of the −10 °C isotherm altitudes on winter lightning incidence at wind turbines in coastal areas of the Sea of Japan M. Matsui et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107071
- Effects of atmospheric discharges on wind farms performance: a review study G. Mello et al. 10.1051/rees/2022005
- Thunderstorm charge structures favouring cloud-to-ground lightning A. Salvador et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105577
- Thunderstorm and Lightning Activities over Western Pacific, Northern Indian Ocean and South China Sea Along with Their Adjacent Lands J. DING et al. 10.3724/j.1006-8775.2023.026
- Upward Lightning at Wind Turbines: Risk Assessment From Larger‐Scale Meteorology I. Stucke et al. 10.1029/2023JD039505
- On the conditions for winter lightning at the Eagle Nest Tower (2537 m asl) during the Cerdanya-2017 field experiment S. Soula et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105208
- Quantifying the effect of wind turbines on lightning location and characteristics S. Soula et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.010
- Upward Lightning at the Gaisberg Tower: The Larger‐Scale Meteorological Influence on the Triggering Mode and Flash Type I. Stucke et al. 10.1029/2022JD037776
- Thunderstorm environments in Europe D. Morgenstern et al. 10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023
- Experimental study of rotating wind turbine breakdown characteristics in large scale air gaps Y. WANG et al. 10.1088/2058-6272/aa6743
- Lightning Activity in Winter Storms: A Meteorological and Cloud Microphysical Perspective E. Williams 10.1541/ieejpes.138.364
- Charge Regions Indicated by LMA Lightning Flashes in Hokuriku's Winter Thunderstorms D. Zheng et al. 10.1029/2018JD030060
- Wind Turbine Blade LPS Design Process Revisited—Leveraging on the Latest Knowledge from Actual Lightning Measurements in Wind Turbines S. Madsen et al. 10.3390/machines11050541
- Whistler echo trains triggered by energetic winter lightning I. Kolmašová et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-51684-0
- Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds S. Soler et al. 10.1029/2021GL094657
- Key issues to define a method of lightning risk assessment for wind farms V. March 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.08.020
- Do Wind Turbines Amplify the Effects of Lightning Strikes? A Full-Maxwell Modelling Approach R. Torchio et al. 10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3142847
- A winter-season lightning climatology for the contiguous United States M. Bentley et al. 10.1007/s00703-018-0641-2
- Duration, spatial size and radiance of lightning flashes over the Asia-Pacific region based on TRMM/LIS observations J. You et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.013
- On the relationship between lightning superbolts and TLEs in Northern Europe A. Pizzuti et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106047
- A parameterization of long-continuing-current (LCC) lightning in the lightning submodel LNOX (version 3.0) of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy, version 2.54) F. Pérez-Invernón et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1545-2022
- Thunderstorm characteristics favouring downward and upward lightning to wind turbines N. Pineda et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.07.012
- Advantage of bulk lightning models for predicting lightning frequency over Japan T. Tomioka et al. 10.1186/s40645-023-00592-w
- On the attachment of dart lightning leaders to wind turbines M. Long et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.011
- Electrostatic thunderstorm detection A. Bennett 10.1002/wea.2927
- Three‐dimensional radio images of winter lightning in japan and characteristics of associated charge structure S. Yoshida et al. 10.1002/tee.22795
- Modeling the lightning continuing current electric arc discharge and material thermal damage: Effects of combinations of amplitude and duration Y. Liu & Y. Wang 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106786
- Diagnosing upward lightning from tall objects from meteorological thunderstorm environments I. Stucke et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110199
- Aerosynoptic conditions for the formation of winter thunderstorms on the example of the Minsk-2 airfield M. Luksha & A. Novik 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-42-56
- On the estimation of the lightning incidence to offshore wind farms M. Becerra et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.12.008
- Tactical Decision-Making Support Information for Aircraft Lightning Avoidance: Feasibility Study in Area of Winter Lightning E. Yoshikawa & T. Ushio 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0078.1
- Effect of Wind Turbine Blade Rotation on Triggering Lightning: An Experimental Study X. Wen et al. 10.3390/en9121029
- Spatio-temporal dimension of lightning flashes based on three-dimensional Lightning Mapping Array J. López et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.06.030
- Potential use of space-based lightning detection in electric power systems J. Montanyà et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108730
- Vertical z-axis discontinuous carbon fibers for improved lightning strike performance of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites N. Hmeidat et al. 10.1177/00219983241292772
- Statistics and variability of the altitude of elves O. van der Velde & J. Montanyà 10.1002/2016GL068719
- Analysis of the lightning‐attractive radius for wind turbines considering the developing process of positive attachment leader N. Yang et al. 10.1002/2016JD026073
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of the −10 °C isotherm altitudes on winter lightning incidence at wind turbines in coastal areas of the Sea of Japan M. Matsui et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107071
- Effects of atmospheric discharges on wind farms performance: a review study G. Mello et al. 10.1051/rees/2022005
- Thunderstorm charge structures favouring cloud-to-ground lightning A. Salvador et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105577
- Thunderstorm and Lightning Activities over Western Pacific, Northern Indian Ocean and South China Sea Along with Their Adjacent Lands J. DING et al. 10.3724/j.1006-8775.2023.026
- Upward Lightning at Wind Turbines: Risk Assessment From Larger‐Scale Meteorology I. Stucke et al. 10.1029/2023JD039505
- On the conditions for winter lightning at the Eagle Nest Tower (2537 m asl) during the Cerdanya-2017 field experiment S. Soula et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105208
- Quantifying the effect of wind turbines on lightning location and characteristics S. Soula et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.010
- Upward Lightning at the Gaisberg Tower: The Larger‐Scale Meteorological Influence on the Triggering Mode and Flash Type I. Stucke et al. 10.1029/2022JD037776
- Thunderstorm environments in Europe D. Morgenstern et al. 10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023
- Experimental study of rotating wind turbine breakdown characteristics in large scale air gaps Y. WANG et al. 10.1088/2058-6272/aa6743
- Lightning Activity in Winter Storms: A Meteorological and Cloud Microphysical Perspective E. Williams 10.1541/ieejpes.138.364
- Charge Regions Indicated by LMA Lightning Flashes in Hokuriku's Winter Thunderstorms D. Zheng et al. 10.1029/2018JD030060
- Wind Turbine Blade LPS Design Process Revisited—Leveraging on the Latest Knowledge from Actual Lightning Measurements in Wind Turbines S. Madsen et al. 10.3390/machines11050541
- Whistler echo trains triggered by energetic winter lightning I. Kolmašová et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-51684-0
- Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds S. Soler et al. 10.1029/2021GL094657
- Key issues to define a method of lightning risk assessment for wind farms V. March 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.08.020
- Do Wind Turbines Amplify the Effects of Lightning Strikes? A Full-Maxwell Modelling Approach R. Torchio et al. 10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3142847
- A winter-season lightning climatology for the contiguous United States M. Bentley et al. 10.1007/s00703-018-0641-2
- Duration, spatial size and radiance of lightning flashes over the Asia-Pacific region based on TRMM/LIS observations J. You et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.013
- On the relationship between lightning superbolts and TLEs in Northern Europe A. Pizzuti et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106047
- A parameterization of long-continuing-current (LCC) lightning in the lightning submodel LNOX (version 3.0) of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy, version 2.54) F. Pérez-Invernón et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1545-2022
- Thunderstorm characteristics favouring downward and upward lightning to wind turbines N. Pineda et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.07.012
- Advantage of bulk lightning models for predicting lightning frequency over Japan T. Tomioka et al. 10.1186/s40645-023-00592-w
- On the attachment of dart lightning leaders to wind turbines M. Long et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.011
- Electrostatic thunderstorm detection A. Bennett 10.1002/wea.2927
- Three‐dimensional radio images of winter lightning in japan and characteristics of associated charge structure S. Yoshida et al. 10.1002/tee.22795
- Modeling the lightning continuing current electric arc discharge and material thermal damage: Effects of combinations of amplitude and duration Y. Liu & Y. Wang 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106786
- Diagnosing upward lightning from tall objects from meteorological thunderstorm environments I. Stucke et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110199
- Aerosynoptic conditions for the formation of winter thunderstorms on the example of the Minsk-2 airfield M. Luksha & A. Novik 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-42-56
- On the estimation of the lightning incidence to offshore wind farms M. Becerra et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.12.008
- Tactical Decision-Making Support Information for Aircraft Lightning Avoidance: Feasibility Study in Area of Winter Lightning E. Yoshikawa & T. Ushio 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0078.1
- Effect of Wind Turbine Blade Rotation on Triggering Lightning: An Experimental Study X. Wen et al. 10.3390/en9121029
- Spatio-temporal dimension of lightning flashes based on three-dimensional Lightning Mapping Array J. López et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.06.030
- Potential use of space-based lightning detection in electric power systems J. Montanyà et al. 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108730
- Vertical z-axis discontinuous carbon fibers for improved lightning strike performance of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites N. Hmeidat et al. 10.1177/00219983241292772
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 27 Dec 2024
Short summary
Lightning is one of the major threats to modern multi-megawatt wind turbines and a concern for new generation of aircraft. Both wind turbines and aircraft can initiate lightning and very favourable conditions for lightning initiation occur in winter thunderstorms. Moreover, winter thunderstorms are characterized for producing very energetic lightning. In this paper we present the global winter lightning activity. Japan, US, Mediterranean, Argentina and New Zealand are the most active areas.
Lightning is one of the major threats to modern multi-megawatt wind turbines and a concern for...
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