Developing an effective 2-D urban flood inundation model for city emergency management based on cellular automata

Liu, L.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X.; Yu, D.; Liu, K.; Huang, H.; Hu, G.

doi:10.5194/nhess-15-381-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-381-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-381-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 3

Research article

|

04 Mar 2015

Research article |

| 04 Mar 2015

Developing an effective 2-D urban flood inundation model for city emergency management based on cellular automata

L. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Wang, D. Yu, K. Liu, H. Huang, and G. Hu

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2014	4	2	0	6
Oct 2014	48	19	2	69
Nov 2014	19	15	1	35
Dec 2014	26	17	1	44
Jan 2015	13	12	1	26
Feb 2015	12	12	2	26
Mar 2015	90	60	1	151
Apr 2015	32	29	0	61
May 2015	26	28	2	56
Jun 2015	43	38	2	83
Jul 2015	44	37	0	81
Aug 2015	14	36	2	52
Sep 2015	9	23	4	36
Oct 2015	21	30	2	53
Nov 2015	36	22	2	60
Dec 2015	16	42	0	58
Jan 2016	30	38	4	72
Feb 2016	15	25	1	41
Mar 2016	11	15	1	27
Apr 2016	10	12	1	23
May 2016	7	9	0	16
Jun 2016	5	7	1	13
Jul 2016	14	5	4	23
Aug 2016	14	11	0	25
Sep 2016	17	12	0	29
Oct 2016	10	13	0	23
Nov 2016	18	6	1	25
Dec 2016	5	7	0	12
Jan 2017	17	14	0	31
Feb 2017	8	15	0	23
Mar 2017	24	28	0	52
Apr 2017	20	19	0	39
May 2017	22	26	0	48
Jun 2017	21	12	0	33
Jul 2017	18	15	0	33
Aug 2017	14	14	1	29
Sep 2017	12	12	0	24
Oct 2017	12	13	0	25
Nov 2017	17	28	0	45
Dec 2017	14	33	2	49
Jan 2018	14	17	0	31
Feb 2018	4	14	0	18
Mar 2018	15	13	1	29
Apr 2018	15	19	2	36
May 2018	13	22	1	36
Jun 2018	11	21	2	34
Jul 2018	8	18	2	28
Aug 2018	22	29	2	53
Sep 2018	22	55	0	77
Oct 2018	20	44	2	66
Nov 2018	20	27	1	48
Dec 2018	16	12	0	28
Jan 2019	7	11	0	18
Feb 2019	10	8	0	18
Mar 2019	9	11	3	23
Apr 2019	11	10	0	21
May 2019	8	6	0	14
Jun 2019	13	11	0	24
Jul 2019	15	11	1	27
Aug 2019	5	9	0	14
Sep 2019	15	4	2	21
Oct 2019	7	12	1	20
Nov 2019	18	6	0	24
Dec 2019	12	9	0	21
Jan 2020	12	11	2	25
Feb 2020	7	8	0	15
Mar 2020	5	9	0	14
Apr 2020	14	14	2	30
May 2020	6	11	1	18
Jun 2020	25	12	0	37
Jul 2020	25	22	17	64
Aug 2020	12	9	9	30
Sep 2020	18	13	0	31
Oct 2020	9	14	1	24
Nov 2020	10	6	2	18
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Apr 2021	17	15	0	32
May 2021	13	11	0	24
Jun 2021	11	12	1	24
Jul 2021	15	13	0	28
Aug 2021	12	22	0	34
Sep 2021	14	25	3	42
Oct 2021	18	38	0	56
Nov 2021	17	38	0	55
Dec 2021	22	14	0	36
Jan 2022	16	20	0	36
Feb 2022	24	16	2	42
Mar 2022	11	13	0	24
Apr 2022	12	11	1	24
May 2022	9	19	3	31
Jun 2022	15	6	2	23
Jul 2022	13	10	2	25
Aug 2022	23	17	2	42
Sep 2022	7	9	1	17
Oct 2022	16	12	1	29
Nov 2022	26	22	0	48
Dec 2022	17	6	0	23
Jan 2023	26	21	1	48
Feb 2023	16	18	1	35
Mar 2023	32	21	2	55
Apr 2023	13	28	0	41
May 2023	17	21	3	41
Jun 2023	24	10	2	36
Jul 2023	15	13	0	28
Aug 2023	15	15	3	33
Sep 2023	21	15	1	37
Oct 2023	36	29	0	65
Nov 2023	19	12	1	32
Dec 2023	19	23	2	44
Jan 2024	30	26	2	58
Feb 2024	19	21	1	41
Mar 2024	17	28	2	47
Apr 2024	18	14	3	35
May 2024	21	26	4	51
Jun 2024	25	8	3	36
Jul 2024	31	22	3	56
Aug 2024	35	6	1	42
Sep 2024	15	34	1	50
Oct 2024	24	18	1	43
Nov 2024	27	13	2	42
Dec 2024	26	20	1	47
Jan 2025	31	23	2	56
Feb 2025	34	10	2	46
Mar 2025	22	10	0	32
Apr 2025	22	19	1	42
May 2025	26	22	2	50
Jun 2025	39	35	0	74
Jul 2025	36	27	1	64
Aug 2025	28	18	3	49
Sep 2025	29	19	1	49
Oct 2025	37	25	3	65
Nov 2025	29	16	2	47

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Sep 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2014	4	2	0	6
Oct 2014	48	19	2	69
Nov 2014	19	15	1	35
Dec 2014	26	17	1	44
Jan 2015	13	12	1	26
Feb 2015	12	12	2	26
Mar 2015	90	60	1	151
Apr 2015	32	29	0	61
May 2015	26	28	2	56
Jun 2015	43	38	2	83
Jul 2015	44	37	0	81
Aug 2015	14	36	2	52
Sep 2015	9	23	4	36
Oct 2015	21	30	2	53
Nov 2015	36	22	2	60
Dec 2015	16	42	0	58
Jan 2016	30	38	4	72
Feb 2016	15	25	1	41
Mar 2016	11	15	1	27
Apr 2016	10	12	1	23
May 2016	7	9	0	16
Jun 2016	5	7	1	13
Jul 2016	14	5	4	23
Aug 2016	14	11	0	25
Sep 2016	17	12	0	29
Oct 2016	10	13	0	23
Nov 2016	18	6	1	25
Dec 2016	5	7	0	12
Jan 2017	17	14	0	31
Feb 2017	8	15	0	23
Mar 2017	24	28	0	52
Apr 2017	20	19	0	39
May 2017	22	26	0	48
Jun 2017	21	12	0	33
Jul 2017	18	15	0	33
Aug 2017	14	14	1	29
Sep 2017	12	12	0	24
Oct 2017	12	13	0	25
Nov 2017	17	28	0	45
Dec 2017	14	33	2	49
Jan 2018	14	17	0	31
Feb 2018	4	14	0	18
Mar 2018	15	13	1	29
Apr 2018	15	19	2	36
May 2018	13	22	1	36
Jun 2018	11	21	2	34
Jul 2018	8	18	2	28
Aug 2018	22	29	2	53
Sep 2018	22	55	0	77
Oct 2018	20	44	2	66
Nov 2018	20	27	1	48
Dec 2018	16	12	0	28
Jan 2019	7	11	0	18
Feb 2019	10	8	0	18
Mar 2019	9	11	3	23
Apr 2019	11	10	0	21
May 2019	8	6	0	14
Jun 2019	13	11	0	24
Jul 2019	15	11	1	27
Aug 2019	5	9	0	14
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Jun 2020	25	12	0	37
Jul 2020	25	22	17	64
Aug 2020	12	9	9	30
Sep 2020	18	13	0	31
Oct 2020	9	14	1	24
Nov 2020	10	6	2	18
Dec 2020	14	19	0	33
Jan 2021	29	13	0	42
Feb 2021	14	14	1	29
Mar 2021	10	13	0	23
Apr 2021	17	15	0	32
May 2021	13	11	0	24
Jun 2021	11	12	1	24
Jul 2021	15	13	0	28
Aug 2021	12	22	0	34
Sep 2021	14	25	3	42
Oct 2021	18	38	0	56
Nov 2021	17	38	0	55
Dec 2021	22	14	0	36
Jan 2022	16	20	0	36
Feb 2022	24	16	2	42
Mar 2022	11	13	0	24
Apr 2022	12	11	1	24
May 2022	9	19	3	31
Jun 2022	15	6	2	23
Jul 2022	13	10	2	25
Aug 2022	23	17	2	42
Sep 2022	7	9	1	17
Oct 2022	16	12	1	29
Nov 2022	26	22	0	48
Dec 2022	17	6	0	23
Jan 2023	26	21	1	48
Feb 2023	16	18	1	35
Mar 2023	32	21	2	55
Apr 2023	13	28	0	41
May 2023	17	21	3	41
Jun 2023	24	10	2	36
Jul 2023	15	13	0	28
Aug 2023	15	15	3	33
Sep 2023	21	15	1	37
Oct 2023	36	29	0	65
Nov 2023	19	12	1	32
Dec 2023	19	23	2	44
Jan 2024	30	26	2	58
Feb 2024	19	21	1	41
Mar 2024	17	28	2	47
Apr 2024	18	14	3	35
May 2024	21	26	4	51
Jun 2024	25	8	3	36
Jul 2024	31	22	3	56
Aug 2024	35	6	1	42
Sep 2024	15	34	1	50
Oct 2024	24	18	1	43
Nov 2024	27	13	2	42
Dec 2024	26	20	1	47
Jan 2025	31	23	2	56
Feb 2025	34	10	2	46
Mar 2025	22	10	0	32
Apr 2025	22	19	1	42
May 2025	26	22	2	50
Jun 2025	39	35	0	74
Jul 2025	36	27	1	64
Aug 2025	28	18	3	49
Sep 2025	29	19	1	49
Oct 2025	37	25	3	65
Nov 2025	29	16	2	47

Latest update: 22 Nov 2025

Short summary

This CA model can be easily established using commonly available basic urban geographic data with little preprocessing. It considers detailed urban features such as buildings and inlets, reproduces the changing extent and depth of flooded areas at the catchment outlet with an accuracy of 4 cm in water depth, and adequately represents the flow dynamics in the inundation process; furthermore, the model is computationally efficient for city emergency management.