Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2597-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2597-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2015
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2015
Laboratory tests for the optimization of mesh size for flexible debris-flow barriers
C. Wendeler
WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zuercherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
now at: Geobrugg AG Protection Systems, Aachstr. 11, 8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zuercherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Investigation of potential debris flows above the Koroška Bela settlement, NW Slovenia, from hydro-technical and conceptual design perspectives N. Bezak et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01774-7
- Geophysical flows impacting a flexible barrier: effects of solid-fluid interaction D. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0856-1
- A 190 m long flume for investigation of debris flow impacts on multiple flexible barriers C. Ng et al. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.25.00409
- Interaction between dry granular flow and rigid barrier with basal clearance: analytical and physical modelling C. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0622
- Effects of flow regimes on the interaction between granular flow and flexible barrier S. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285559
- Assessing debris flow impact on flexible ring net barrier: A coupled CFD-DEM study X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103850
- Stability and Deformation Degree of Wheel Loaders under the Impact of Debris Flow Z. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-1552
- Debris flow impact on flexible barrier: effects of debris-barrier stiffness and flow aspect ratio D. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5314-6
- Experimental investigation on the impact force of the dry granular flow against a flexible barrier X. Siyou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01368-9
- A unified CFD‐DEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers D. Felix et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2806
- Effects of cylindrical-obstacle spacing on granular shock wave interactions in gravity-driven flows Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.10.034
- Design of active debris flow mitigation measures: a comprehensive analysis of existing impact models F. Vagnon https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01278-5
- Impact behaviour of dry granular flow against baffle structure: coupled effect of Froude and particle characteristics B. Zhang & Y. Huang https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.21.00360
- Discrete meta-analysis of slit dam intercepted particle flow based on PFC3D Y. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-022-00542-1
- Experimental and numerical investigation of debris flow interception using multiple stepped flexible barriers F. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2373112
- Small-Scale Modeling of Flexible Barriers. I: Mechanical Similitude of the Structure S. Lambert et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13070
- Tests on the mitigation of dry granular flows induced by mountain landslides using ring‐net technologies B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70003
- Estimating total resisting force in flexible barrier impacted by a granular avalanche using physical and numerical modeling W. Ashwood & O. Hungr https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0481
- Experimental study on discharge process regulation to debris flow with open-type check dams H. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01535-y
- Control and Interception Characteristics of the Debris-Flow Flexible Net Barrier Based on Orthogonal Design Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101809
- A fully resolved SPH-DEM for simulation of debris flows with arbitrary particle shapes impacting flexible barriers H. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-025-02544-8
- Study on the railway bridge vibration reduction characteristic and train driving safety evaluation under debris flow impact P. Li & Z. He https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-026-0116-1
- A Case Study on the Energy Capacity of a Flexible Rockfall Barrier in Resisting Landslide Debris L. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091384
- A coupled ICFD-DEM-FEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers L. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-026-03035-0
- Experimental investigation into effects of material and energy regulation of debris flow by using check dams with different porosities J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1499995
- How Flexible, Slit and Rigid Barriers Mitigate Two‐Phase Geophysical Mass Flows: A Numerical Appraisal Y. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006587
- A Factor Strength Approach for the Design of Rock Fall and Debris Flow Barriers F. Vagnon et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0269-x
- Study on Numerical Model and Dynamic Response of Ring Net in Flexible Rockfall Barriers C. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084406
- Effects of obstacle's curvature on shock dynamics of gravity-driven granular flows impacting a circular cylinder Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106343
- Assessing Granular Debris-Flow Impact Forces on Bridge Superstructures C. Friedl et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JBENF2.BEENG-6439
- Coriolis-induced instabilities in centrifuge modeling of granular flow A. Leonardi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-021-01111-8
- Upstream morphological effects of a sequential check dam adjustment process Y. Chiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5178
- Load model for designing flexible steel barriers for debris flow mitigation C. Wendeler et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0157
- On the impact of dry granular flow against a rigid barrier with basal clearance via discrete element method W. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01805-3
- Large-scale physical modelling study of a flexible barrier under the impact of granular flows D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2625-2018
- Discretization Analysis in FEM Models G. Martello & V. Murgul https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165301063
- New Simple Method for Calculating Impact Force on Flexible Barrier Considering Partial Muddy Debris Flow Passing Through D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002133
- Flexible barrier and flow-driven woody debris: an experimental investigation of their interaction S. Lambert et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2023.2268706
- Capture of near-critical debris flows by flexible barriers: an experimental investigation M. Huo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4115-2025
- Debris Flow Characteristics in Flume Experiments Considering Berm Installation H. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052336
- A coupled SPH–DEM–FEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers C. Liu & L. Liang https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09739-3
- Application of the material point method (MPM) to characterise the impact forces of granular landslides on rigid obstacles M. Kontoe et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108726
- Impact Dynamics of Boulder-Enriched Debris Flow on a Rigid Barrier C. Ng et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002485
- Assessment of dynamic impact force of debris flow in mountain torrent based on characteristics of debris flow M. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7707-9
- A Case Study on the Closed-Type Barrier Effect on Debris Flows at Mt. Woomyeon, Korea in 2011 via a Numerical Approach S. Choi & T. Kwon https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237890
- Numerical study of retention efficiency of a flexible barrier in mitigating granular flow comparing with large-scale physical modeling test data D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01036-1
- A New Overflow Number for Analyzing and Designing Dual Rigid Barriers with Basal Clearance H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11873
- Quantifying the transition of impact mechanisms of geophysical flows against flexible barrier Y. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106188
- Episodic sediment supply to alluvial fans: implications for fan incision and morphometry A. Leenman & B. Eaton https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Investigation of potential debris flows above the Koroška Bela settlement, NW Slovenia, from hydro-technical and conceptual design perspectives N. Bezak et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01774-7
- Geophysical flows impacting a flexible barrier: effects of solid-fluid interaction D. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0856-1
- A 190 m long flume for investigation of debris flow impacts on multiple flexible barriers C. Ng et al. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.25.00409
- Interaction between dry granular flow and rigid barrier with basal clearance: analytical and physical modelling C. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0622
- Effects of flow regimes on the interaction between granular flow and flexible barrier S. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285559
- Assessing debris flow impact on flexible ring net barrier: A coupled CFD-DEM study X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103850
- Stability and Deformation Degree of Wheel Loaders under the Impact of Debris Flow Z. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-1552
- Debris flow impact on flexible barrier: effects of debris-barrier stiffness and flow aspect ratio D. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5314-6
- Experimental investigation on the impact force of the dry granular flow against a flexible barrier X. Siyou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01368-9
- A unified CFD‐DEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers D. Felix et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2806
- Effects of cylindrical-obstacle spacing on granular shock wave interactions in gravity-driven flows Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.10.034
- Design of active debris flow mitigation measures: a comprehensive analysis of existing impact models F. Vagnon https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01278-5
- Impact behaviour of dry granular flow against baffle structure: coupled effect of Froude and particle characteristics B. Zhang & Y. Huang https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.21.00360
- Discrete meta-analysis of slit dam intercepted particle flow based on PFC3D Y. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-022-00542-1
- Experimental and numerical investigation of debris flow interception using multiple stepped flexible barriers F. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2373112
- Small-Scale Modeling of Flexible Barriers. I: Mechanical Similitude of the Structure S. Lambert et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13070
- Tests on the mitigation of dry granular flows induced by mountain landslides using ring‐net technologies B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70003
- Estimating total resisting force in flexible barrier impacted by a granular avalanche using physical and numerical modeling W. Ashwood & O. Hungr https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0481
- Experimental study on discharge process regulation to debris flow with open-type check dams H. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01535-y
- Control and Interception Characteristics of the Debris-Flow Flexible Net Barrier Based on Orthogonal Design Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101809
- A fully resolved SPH-DEM for simulation of debris flows with arbitrary particle shapes impacting flexible barriers H. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-025-02544-8
- Study on the railway bridge vibration reduction characteristic and train driving safety evaluation under debris flow impact P. Li & Z. He https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-026-0116-1
- A Case Study on the Energy Capacity of a Flexible Rockfall Barrier in Resisting Landslide Debris L. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091384
- A coupled ICFD-DEM-FEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers L. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-026-03035-0
- Experimental investigation into effects of material and energy regulation of debris flow by using check dams with different porosities J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1499995
- How Flexible, Slit and Rigid Barriers Mitigate Two‐Phase Geophysical Mass Flows: A Numerical Appraisal Y. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006587
- A Factor Strength Approach for the Design of Rock Fall and Debris Flow Barriers F. Vagnon et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0269-x
- Study on Numerical Model and Dynamic Response of Ring Net in Flexible Rockfall Barriers C. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084406
- Effects of obstacle's curvature on shock dynamics of gravity-driven granular flows impacting a circular cylinder Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106343
- Assessing Granular Debris-Flow Impact Forces on Bridge Superstructures C. Friedl et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JBENF2.BEENG-6439
- Coriolis-induced instabilities in centrifuge modeling of granular flow A. Leonardi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-021-01111-8
- Upstream morphological effects of a sequential check dam adjustment process Y. Chiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5178
- Load model for designing flexible steel barriers for debris flow mitigation C. Wendeler et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0157
- On the impact of dry granular flow against a rigid barrier with basal clearance via discrete element method W. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01805-3
- Large-scale physical modelling study of a flexible barrier under the impact of granular flows D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2625-2018
- Discretization Analysis in FEM Models G. Martello & V. Murgul https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165301063
- New Simple Method for Calculating Impact Force on Flexible Barrier Considering Partial Muddy Debris Flow Passing Through D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002133
- Flexible barrier and flow-driven woody debris: an experimental investigation of their interaction S. Lambert et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2023.2268706
- Capture of near-critical debris flows by flexible barriers: an experimental investigation M. Huo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4115-2025
- Debris Flow Characteristics in Flume Experiments Considering Berm Installation H. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052336
- A coupled SPH–DEM–FEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers C. Liu & L. Liang https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09739-3
- Application of the material point method (MPM) to characterise the impact forces of granular landslides on rigid obstacles M. Kontoe et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108726
- Impact Dynamics of Boulder-Enriched Debris Flow on a Rigid Barrier C. Ng et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002485
- Assessment of dynamic impact force of debris flow in mountain torrent based on characteristics of debris flow M. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7707-9
- A Case Study on the Closed-Type Barrier Effect on Debris Flows at Mt. Woomyeon, Korea in 2011 via a Numerical Approach S. Choi & T. Kwon https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237890
- Numerical study of retention efficiency of a flexible barrier in mitigating granular flow comparing with large-scale physical modeling test data D. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01036-1
- A New Overflow Number for Analyzing and Designing Dual Rigid Barriers with Basal Clearance H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11873
- Quantifying the transition of impact mechanisms of geophysical flows against flexible barrier Y. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106188
- Episodic sediment supply to alluvial fans: implications for fan incision and morphometry A. Leenman & B. Eaton https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Sep 2026
Short summary
Laboratory tests were performed with natural debris material to study the loading aspects of flexible debris-flow barriers and to quantify the influence of different mesh sizes and the lower gap between barrier and the riverbed. A reasonable retention was reached with a net mesh size and a basal gap smaller than 90% of the grains. By scaling the laboratory tests to the field using Froude similarity, a recommendation is given for the best net mesh size and the gap under natural conditions.
Laboratory tests were performed with natural debris material to study the loading aspects of...
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