Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1383-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1383-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
04 May 2021
Review article |
| 04 May 2021
| 04 May 2021
Review article: Towards resilient vital infrastructure systems – challenges, opportunities, and future research agenda
Seyedabdolhossein Mehvar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Kathelijne Wijnberg
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Bas Borsje
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Norman Kerle
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Jan Maarten Schraagen
Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
TNO Defence, Safety and Security, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, the
Netherlands
Joanne Vinke-de Kruijf
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Karst Geurs
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Andreas Hartmann
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Rick Hogeboom
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Water Footprint Network, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Suzanne Hulscher
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Selim Ahmet Iz, Francesco Nex, Norman Kerle, Henry Meissner, and Ralf Berger
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., X-2-W2-2025, 73–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-2-W2-2025-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-2-W2-2025-73-2025, 2025
Aulia Imania Sukma, Mila N. Koeva, Diana Reckien, Marija Bockarjova, Andre da Silva Mano, Giulia Canili, Giovanni Vicentini, and Norman Kerle
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-4-W11-2024, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-129-2024, 2024
Han Su, Bárbara Willaarts, Diana Luna-Gonzalez, Maarten S. Krol, and Rick J. Hogeboom
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4397–4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4397-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4397-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There are over 608 million farms around the world but they are not the same. We developed high spatial resolution maps showing where small and large farms were located and which crops were planted for 56 countries. We checked the reliability and have the confidence to use them for the country level and global studies. Our maps will help more studies to easily measure how agriculture policies, water availability, and climate change affect small and large farms.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
N. Zhang, F. Nex, G. Vosselman, and N. Kerle
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2022, 1189–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2022-1189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2022-1189-2022, 2022
S. Karam, F. Nex, O. Karlsson, J. Rydell, E. Bilock, M. Tulldahl, M. Holmberg, and N. Kerle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-1-2022, 203–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-1-2022-203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-1-2022-203-2022, 2022
Oleksandr Mialyk, Joep F. Schyns, Martijn J. Booij, and Rick J. Hogeboom
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 923–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-923-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-923-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the global demand for crops is increasing, it is vital to understand spatial and temporal patterns of crop water footprints (WFs). Previous studies looked into spatial patterns but not into temporal ones. Here, we present a new process-based gridded crop model to simulate WFs and apply it for maize in 1986–2016. We show that despite the average unit WF reduction (−35 %), the global WF of maize production has increased (+50 %), which might harm ecosystems and human livelihoods in some regions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chiu H. Cheng, Jaco C. de Smit, Greg S. Fivash, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, Bas W. Borsje, and Karline Soetaert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Shells are biogenic particles that are widespread throughout natural sandy environments and can affect the bed roughness and seabed erodibility. As studies are presently lacking, we experimentally measured ripple formation and migration using natural sand with increasing volumes of shell material under unidirectional flow in a racetrack flume. We show that shells expedite the onset of sediment transport, reduce ripple dimensions and slow their migration rate.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
N. Zhang, F. Nex, N. Kerle, and G. Vosselman
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2021, 427–432, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2021-427-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2021-427-2021, 2021
Ringo Ossewaarde, Tatiana Filatova, Yola Georgiadou, Andreas Hartmann, Gül Özerol, Karin Pfeffer, Peter Stegmaier, Rene Torenvlied, Mascha van der Voort, Jord Warmink, and Bas Borsje
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1119–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to review and structure current developments in resilience research in the field of climate change studies, in terms of the approaches, definitions, models, and commitments that are typical for naturalist and constructivist research and propose a research agenda of topics distilled from current developments in resilience research.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhan Hu, Pim W. J. M. Willemsen, Bas W. Borsje, Chen Wang, Heng Wang, Daphne van der Wal, Zhenchang Zhu, Bas Oteman, Vincent Vuik, Ben Evans, Iris Möller, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Alexander Van Braeckel, Stijn Temmerman, and Tjeerd J. Bouma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 405–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Erosion and accretion processes govern the ecogeomorphic evolution of intertidal (salt marsh and tidal flat) ecosystems and hence substantially affect their valuable ecosystem services. By applying a novel sensor, we obtained unique high-resolution daily bed-level change datasets from 10 marsh–mudflat sites in northwestern Europe. This dataset has revealed diverse spatial bed-level change patterns over daily to seasonal scales, which are valuable to theoretical and model development.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cited articles
Adger, W. N.: Social and ecological resilience: are they related?, Prog.
Human Geogr., 24, 347–364, https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465, 2000.
Ahlborg, H., Ruiz-Mercado, I., Molander, S., and Masera, O.: Bringing
Technology into Social-Ecological Systems Research-Motivations for a
Socio-Technical-Ecological Systems Approach, Sustainability, 11, 2009,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072009, 2019.
Aitsi-Selmi, A., Egawa, S., Sasaki, H., Wannous, C., and Murray, V.: The
Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction: Renewing the global commitment
to people's resilience, health, and well-being, Int. J. Disast. Risk Sci., 6, 164–176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0050-9, 2015.
Anderies, J. M., Rodriguez, A. A., Janssen, M. A., and Cifdaloz, O.:
Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability
science, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 15194–15199, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702655104, 2007.
Anderies, J., Folke, C., Walker, B., and Ostrom, E.: Aligning key concepts
for global change policy: robustness, resilience, and sustainability, Ecol. Soc., 18, 2, 2013.
Argyroudis, S., Hofer, L., Zanini, M. A., and Mitoulis, S. A.: Resilience of
critical infrastructure for multiple hazards: Case study on a highway
bridge, in: ICONHIC 2019 2nd International Conference on Natural Hazards and
Infrastructure, 23–26 June 2019, Chania, 23–26, 2019.
Augustijn, D. C. M., Schielen, R., and Hulscher, S. J. M. H.: RiverCare:
towards self-sustaining multifunctional rivers, in: EGU General Assembly
Conference Abstracts, Delft, the Netherlands, 13–14, 2014.
Augustijn, D. C. M., Hulscher, S. J. M. H., and Schielen, R. M. J.:
RiverCare: Researching measures to prepare multi-functional rivers for the
next century, in: 5th IAHR Europe Congress: New Challenges in Hydraulic
Research and Engineering Research Publishing, 12–14 June 2018, Trento, Italy, 473–474, 2018.
Bakhshipour, A. E., Dittmer, U., Haghighi, A., and Nowak, W.: Hybrid green-blue-gray decentralized urban drainage systems design, a simulation-optimization framework, J. Environ. Manage., 249, 109364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109364, 2019.
Batty, M.: The size, scale, and shape of cities, Science, 319, 769–771, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151419, 2008.
Beery, T.: Engaging the Private Homeowner: Linking Climate Change and Green
Storm Water Infrastructure, Sustainability, 10, 4791,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124791, 2018.
Bene, C. and Doyen, L.: From resistance to transformation: a generic metric of resilience through viability, Earth's Future, 6, 979–996,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000660, 2018.
Berkes, F., Colding, J., and Folke, C.: Navigating Social-Ecological
Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 393 pp., 2003.
Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., Bohensky, E. L., BurnSilver, S.,
Cundill, G., Dakos, V., Daw, T. M., Evans, L. S., Kotschy, K., and Leitch,
A. M.: Toward principles for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services,
Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 37, 421–448, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-051211-123836, 2012.
Birkmann, J., Wenzel, F., Greiving, S., Garschagen, M., Vallee, D., Nowak,
W., Welle, T., Fina, S., Goris, A., Rilling, B., and Fiedrich, F.: Extreme
Events, Critical Infrastructures, Human Vulnerability and Strategic Planning: Emerging Research Issues, J. Ext. Event., 3, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2345737616500172, 2017.
Blake, D. M., Stevenson, J., Wotherspoon, L., Ivory, V., and Trotter, M.:
The role of data and information exchanges in transport system disaster
recovery: A New Zealand case study, Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 39, 101124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101124, 2019.
Bollinger, L. A., Bogmans, C. W. J., Chappin, E. J. L., Dijkema, G. P. J.,
Huibregtse, J. N., Maas, N., Schenk, T., Snelder, M., van Thienen, P., de Wit, S., and Wols, B.: Climate adaptation of interconnected infrastructures: a framework for supporting governance, Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 919–931, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0428-4, 2013.
Bolton, R. and Foxon, T. J.: Infrastructure transformation as a socio-technical process-Implications for the governance of energy
distribution networks in the UK, Technol. Forecast. Social Change, 90, 538–550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.02.017, 2015.
Borsje, B. W., van Wesenbeeck, B. K., Dekker, F., Paalvast, P., Bouma, T.
J., van Katwijk, M. M., and de Vries, M. B.: How ecological engineering can
serve in coastal protection, Ecol. Eng., 37, 113–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.027, 2011.
Borsje, B. W., de Vries, S., Janssen, S. K., Luijendijk, A. P., and Vuik,
V.: Building with nature as coastal protection strategy in The Netherlands,
in: Living Shorelines, CRC Press, Florida, USA, 137–156, 2017.
Borsje, B. W., Willemsen, P., and Hulscher, S. J. M. H.: Vegetated
foreshores as coastal protection strategy: coping with uncertainties and
implementation, Coast. Eng. Proceed., 1, 36, https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.7, 2018.
Bouchon, S.: The vulnerability of interdependent critical infrastructures
systems: Epistemological and conceptual state of the art, Institute for the
Protection and Security of the Citizen, Joint Research Centre, European
Commission, Italy, 99 pp., 2006.
Browder, G., Ozment, S., Rehberger Bescos, I., Gartner, T., and Lange, G. M.: Integrating Green and Gray: Creating Next Generation Infrastructure, World Bank and World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., available at:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31430 (last access: 27 June 2020), 2019.
Brown, A., Dayal, A., and Rumbaitis Del Rio, C.: From practice to theory:
emerging lessons from Asia for building urban climate change resilience,
Environ. Urbaniz., 24, 531–556, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247812456490, 2012.
Brown, J. M., Morrissey, K., Knight, P., Prime, T. D., Almeida, L. P.,
Masselink, G., Bird, C. O., Dodds, D., and Plater, A. J.: A coastal vulnerability assessment for planning climate resilient infrastructure, Ocean Coast. Manage., 163, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.06.007, 2018.
Bujones, A. K., Jaskiewicz, K., Linakis, L., and McGirr, M.: A framework for
analyzing resilience in fragile and conflict-affected situations, Columbia
University SIPA, New York, USA, 2013.
Carreras, B. A., Newman, D. E., and Dobson, I.: Determining the vulnerabilities of the power transmission system, in: IEEE 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4–7 January 2012, Maui, HI, USA, 2044–2053, https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.208, 2012.
Chaffin, B. C., Garmestani, A. S., Gunderson, L. H., Benson, M. H., Angeler,
D. G., Arnold, C. A., Cosens, B., Craig, R. K., Ruhl, J. B., and Allen, C.
R.: Transformative environmental governance, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 41, 399–423, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817, 2016.
Chelleri, L.: From the Resilient City to Urban Resilience, a review essay on
understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems,
Documents d'anàlisi geogràfica, 58, 287–306, https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.175, 2012.
Cimellaro, G. P., Renschler, C., Reinhorn, A. M., and Arendt, L.: PEOPLES: a
framework for evaluating resilience, J. Struct. Eng., 142, 04016063, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001514, 2016.
Clark, S. S., Seager, T. P., and Chester, M. V.: A capabilities approach to
the prioritization of critical infrastructure, Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9691-8, 2018.
Coaffee, J.: Towards next-generation urban resilience in planning practice:
From securitization to integrated place making, Plan. Pract. Res., 28, 323–339, https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2013.787693, 2013.
Connelly, E. B., Allen, C. R., Hatfield, K., Palma-Oliveira, J. M., Woods,
D. D., and Linkov, I.: Features of resilience, Environ. Syst. Decis., 37, 46–50, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-017-9634-9, 2017.
Cote, M. and Nightingale, A. J.: Resilience thinking meets social theory:
Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research, Prog.
Human Geogr., 1, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511425708, 2011.
Covello, V. T. and Merkhoher, M. W.: Risk Assessment Methods, Approaches
for Assessing Health and Environmental Risks, Springer Science and Business
Media, New York, USA, 2013.
Dai, L., Worner, R., and van Rijswick, H. F.: Rainproof cities in the
Netherlands: approaches in Dutch water governance to climate-adaptive urban
planning, Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., 34, 652–674, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1372273, 2018a.
Dai, L., van Rijswick, H. F., Driessen, P. P., and Keessen, A. M.: Governance of the Sponge City Programme in China with Wuhan as a case study, Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., 34, 578–596, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1373637, 2018b.
Darwin: Expect the unexpected and know how to respond, available at:
https://h2020 darwin.eu/, last access: 17 September 2019.
Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D.,
Wilkinson, C., Funfgeld, H., McEvoy, D., Porter, L., and Davoudi, S.:
Resilience: a bridging concept or a dead end? “Reframing” resilience:
challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps: resilience
assessment of a pasture management system in Northern Afghanistan urban
resilience: what does it mean in planning practice? Resilience as a useful
concept for climate change adaptation? The politics of resilience for
planning: a cautionary note: edited by: Davoudi, S. and Porter, L.,
Plan. Theory Pract., 13, 299–333, https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124, 2012.
Dekker, S., Hollnagel, E., Woods, D., and Cook, R.: Resilience Engineering:
New directions for measuring and maintaining safety in complex systems, Lund
University School of Aviation, Lund, 1–6, 2008.
De Koning, K., Filatova, T., Need, A., and Bin, O.: Avoiding or mitigating
flooding: Bottom-up drivers of urban resilience to climate change in the
USA, Global Environ. Change, 59, 101981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101981, 2019.
Demuzere, M., Orru, K., Heidrich, O., Olazabal, E., Geneletti, D., Orru, H.,
Bhave, A. G., Mittal, N., Feliu, E., and Faehnle, M.: Mitigating and
adapting to climate change: Multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of
green urban infrastructure, J. Environ. Manage., 146, 107–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025, 2014.
De Regt, A., Siegel, A. W., and Schraagen, J. M.: Toward quantifying metrics
for rail-system resilience: identification and analysis of performance weak
resilience signals, Cognit. Technol. Work, 18, 319–331,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0356-9, 2016.
De Schipper, M. A., de Vries, S., Ruessink, G., de Zeeuw, R. C., Rutten, J.,
van Gelder-Maas, C., and Stive, M. J.: Initial spreading of a mega feeder
nourishment: Observations of the Sand Engine pilot project, Coast. Eng., 111, 23–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.10.011, 2016.
De Vriend, H. J. and Van Koningsveld, M.: Building with Nature: Thinking,
Acting and Interacting Differently, Ecoshape, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2012.
Do, M. and Jung, H.: Enhancing Road Network Resilience by Considering the
Performance Loss and Asset Value, Sustainability, 10, 4188, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114188, 2018.
Donovan, B. and Work, D. B.: Empirically quantifying city-scale transportation system resilience to extreme events, Transport. Res. Pt. C, 79, 333–346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.03.002, 2017.
EC: European Commission: Communication from the Commission on Critical
Infrastructure Protection in the fight against terrorism, 702 Final, COM,
Brussels, Belgium, 2004.
EC: European Commission: Towards an EU Research and Innovation policy
agenda for nature-based solutions and re-naturing cities, final report of
the Horizon 2020, 16 June 2020, Brussels, Belgium, 2015.
EC: Biodiversity Information System for Europe, Green infrastructure, available at:
https://biodiversity.europa.eu/topics/green-infrastructure/, last access: 12 September 2019.
Eidsvig, U. and Tagg, A.: SOTA of Modelling and Simulation Approaches, used
currently to assess CI vulnerability, INTACT Deliverable D 4.1, project
co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Frame-work Programme, Wallingford, 2015.
Eisenberg, D. A., Park, J., and Seager, T. P.: Sociotechnical network
analysis for power grid resilience in South Korea, Complexity, 2017, 3597010,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3597010, 2017.
Field, C. and Look, R.: A value-based approach to infrastructure resilience, Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 292–305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9701-x, 2018.
Field, C. B., Barros, V., Stocker, T. F., Dahe, Q., Dokken, D. J., Ebi, K.
L., Mastrandrea, M. D., Mach, K. J., Plattner, G. K., Allen, S. K., and
Tignor, M.: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance
Climate Change Adaptation: A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012.
Filatova, T., Mulder, J. P., and van der Veen, A.: Coastal risk management:
how to motivate individual economic decisions to lower flood risk, Ocean Coast. Manage., 54, 164–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.10.028, 2011.
Filiatrault, A., and Sullivan, T.: Performance-based seismic design of
nonstructural building components: The next frontier of earthquake engineering, Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vibrat., 13, 17–46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-014-0238-9, 2014.
Fischer, J., Gardner, T. A., Bennett, E. M., Balvanera, P., Biggs, R.,
Carpenter, S., Daw, T., Folke, C., Hill, R., Hughes, T. P., and Luthe, T.:
Advancing sustainability through mainstreaming a social–ecological systems
perspective, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainabil., 14, 144–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.002, 2015.
Folke, C.: Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological
systems analyses, Global Environ. Change, 16, 253–267,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002, 2006.
Frangopol, D. M. and Bocchini, P.: Bridge network performance, maintenance
and optimisation under uncertainty: accomplishments and challenges, Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 8, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2011.563089, 2012.
Galderisi, A.: The resilient city metaphor to enhance cities' capabilities
to tackle complexities and uncertainties arising from current and future
climate scenarios, in: Smart, resilient and transition cities, Emerging approaches and tools for a climate-sensitive urban development, edited by: Galderisi, A. and Colucci, A., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 11–18, 2018.
Galiforni Silva, F., Wijnberg, K. M., de Groot, A. V., and Hulscher, S. J. M. H.: The effects of beach width variability on coastal dune development at
decadal scales, Geomorphology, 329, 58–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.12.012, 2019.
Ganjurjav, H., Zhang, Y., Gornish, E. S., Hu, G., Li, Y., Wan, Y., and Gao,
Q.: Differential resistance and resilience of functional groups to livestock
grazing maintain ecosystem stability in an alpine steppe on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, J. Environ. Manage., 251, 109579,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109579, 2019.
Gardoni, P.: Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure,
Routledge, New York, 2018.
Gardoni, P. and Murphy, C.: Society-based design: promoting societal well-being by designing sustainable and resilient infrastructure,
Sustain. Resil. Infrastruct., 5, 4–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2018.1448667, 2018.
Ghaffarian, S. and Kerle, N.: Towards post-disaster debris identification
for precise damage and recovery assessments from UAV and satellite images,
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., XLII-2/W13, 297–302,
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-297-2019, 2019.
Ghaffarian, S., Kerle, N., Pasolli, E., and Jokar Arsanjani, J.: Post-disaster building database updating using automated deep learning: An
integration of pre-disaster OpenStreetMap and multi-temporal satellite data,
Remote Sens., 11, 2427, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202427, 2019.
Giovinazzi, S., Austin, A., Ruiter, R., Foster, C., Nayyerloo, M., Nair, N.
K., and Wotherspoon, L.: Resilience and fragility of the telecommunication
network to seismic events: Evidence after the kaikōura (New Zealand)
earthquake, Bull. New Zeal. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 50, 318–328, https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.318-328, 2017.
Guidotti, R., Chmielewski, H., Unnikrishnan, V., Gardoni, P., McAllister,
T., and van de Lindt, J.: Modeling the resilience of critical infrastructure: The role of network dependencies, Sustain. Resil. Infrastruct., 1, 153–168,
https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1254999, 2016.
Guidotti, R., Gardoni, P., and Chen, Y.: Network reliability analysis with
link and nodal weights and auxiliary nodes, Struct. Safe., 65, 12–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2016.12.001, 2017.
Gunderson, L. H. and Holling, C. S.: Understanding Transformations in Human
and Natural Systems, Island Press, Washington, D.C., 2002.
Gunkel, M., Wissel, F., Blendin, J., Herrmann, D., Wichtlhuber, M., and
Hausheer, D.: Efficient partial recovery of flexible-rate transceivers with
sdn-based asymmetric multipath routing of ip traffic, in: Photonic Networks,
17th ITG-Symposium, Proceedings of VDE, 12–13 May 2016, Leipzig, Germany, 1–6, 2016.
Hale, A., and Heijer, T.: Defining resilience, in: Resilience engineering: concepts and precepts, edited by: Woods, D. D. and Hollnagel, E. Ashgate, Farnham, 35–40, 2006.
Hall, J. W., Tran, M., Hickford, A. J., and Nicholls, R. J.: The future of
national infrastructure: A system-of-systems approach, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2016.
Hallegatte, S., Rentschler, J., and Rozenberg, J.: Resilient Infrastructure:
A Lifeline for Sustainable Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1430-3_ch1, 2019.
Henry, D. and Ramirez-Marquez, J. E.: Generic metrics and quantitative approaches for system resilience as a function of time, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 99, 114–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2011.09.002, 2012.
Herslund, L., Backhaus, A., Fryd, O., Jorgensen, G., Jensen, M. B., Limbumba, T. M., Liu, L., Mguni, P., Mkupasi, M., Workalemahu, L., and Yeshitela, K.: Conditions and opportunities for green infrastructure–Aiming for green, water-resilient cities in Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam, Landsc. Urban Plan., 180, 319–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.008, 2018.
Hickford, A. J., Blainey, S. P., Hortelano, A. O., and Pant, R.: Resilience
engineering: theory and practice in interdependent infrastructure systems,
Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 278–291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9707-4, 2018.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Bredenhoff-Bijlsma, R., and Krol, M. S.: The control versus
resilience rationale for managing systems under uncertainty, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 103002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aadf95, 2018.
Holling, C. S.: Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience, in: Engineering within Ecological Constraints, edited by: Schulze, P., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 31–44, 1996.
Holling, C. S.: Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and
social systems, Ecosystems, 4, 390–405, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0101-5, 2001.
Hollnagel, E., Woods, D. D., and Leveson, N.: Resilience engineering:
Concepts and precepts, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, Hampshire, UK, 2006.
Hollnagel, E.: RAG-The resilience analysis grid, Resilience engineering in
practice: a guidebook, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Farnham, Surrey, 275–296,
2011.
Hollnagel, E.: Resilience engineering, available at:
http://erikhollnagel.com/ideas/resilience engineering.html/, last access: 7 September 2019.
Hosseini, S., Barker, K., and Ramirez-Marquez, J. E.: A review of definitions and measures of system resilience, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 145, 47–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.08.006, 2016.
Hulscher, S. J. M. H., Schielen, R. M. J., Augustijn, D. C. M., Warmink, J.
J., Van der Voort, M. C., Middelkoop, H., Kleinhans, M. G., Leuven, R. S. E.
W., Lenders, H. J. R., Smits, A. J. M., and Fliervoet, J. M.: Rivercare:
Towards self-sustaining multifunctional rivers, in: Netherlands Centre for
River Studies Conference, Delft, 13–14, 2014.
Ibanez, E., Lavrenz, S., Gkritza, K., Mejía, D., Krishnan, V., McCalley, J., and Somani, A. K.: Resilience and robustness in long-term planning of the national energy and transportation system, Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct., 12, 82–103, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCIS.2016.075869, 2016.
Kameshwar, S., Cox, D. T., Barbosa, A. R., Farokhnia, K., Park, H., Alam, M.
S., and van de Lindt, J. W.: Probabilistic decision-support framework for
community resilience: Incorporating multi-hazards, infrastructure interdependencies, and resilience goals in a Bayesian network, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 191, 106568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106568, 2019.
Karamouz, M., Rasoulnia, E., Olyaei, M. A., and Zahmatkesh, Z.: Prioritizing
investments in improving flood resilience and reliability of wastewater
treatment infrastructure, J. Infrastruct. Syst., 24, 04018021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000434, 2018.
Keijsers, J. G., Giardino, A., Poortinga, A., Mulder, J. P., Riksen, M. J.,
and Santinelli, G.: Adaptation strategies to maintain dunes as flexible
coastal flood defense in The Netherlands, Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Global Change, 20, 913–928, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9579-y, 2015.
Kerle, N.: Satellite-based damage mapping following the 2006 Indonesia
earthquake – How accurate was it, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 12, 466–476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.07.004, 2010.
Kerle, N.: Disasters: risk assessment, management, and post – disaster
studies using remote sensing, in: Remote sensing of water resources,
disasters, and urban studies (Remote sensing handbook, 3), edited by: Thenkabail, P. S., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 455–481, 2015.
Kerle, N., Ghaffarian, S., Nawrotzki, R., Leppert, G., and Lech, M.: Evaluating resilience-centered development interventions with remote
sensing, Remote Sensing, 11, 2511, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212511, 2019a.
Kerle, N., Nex, F., Duarte, D., and Vetrivel, A.: UAV-based structural
damage mapping – Results from 6 years of research in two European projects,
Int. Arch. Photogram Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3/W8, 187–194,
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-187-2019, 2019b.
Kiel, J., Petiet, P., Nieuwenhuis, A., Peters, T., and van Ruiten, K.: A
decision support system for the resilience of critical transport infrastructure to extreme weather events, Transport. Res. Proced., 14, 68–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.042, 2016.
Kim, D. and Lim, U.: Urban resilience in climate change adaptation: A
conceptual framework, Sustainability, 8, 405, https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040405, 2016.
Klijn, F., Asselman, N., and Wagenaar, D.: Room for Rivers: Risk Reduction
by Enhancing the Flood Conveyance Capacity of the Netherlands' Large Rivers,
Geosciences, 8, 224, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8060224, 2018.
Koks, E. E., Rozenberg, J., Zorn, C., Tariverdi, M., Vousdoukas, M., Fraser,
S. A., Hall, J. W., and Hallegatte, S.: A global multi-hazard risk analysis
of road and railway infrastructure assets, Nature communications, 10, 2677, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10442-3, 2019.
Kothuis, B. and Kok, M.: Integral Design of Multifunctional Flood Defenses:
Multidisciplinary Approaches and Examples, Delft University Publishers, Delft, ISBN 978-94-6186-808-4, 2017.
Kumar, R. and Stoelinga, M.: Quantitative security and safety analysis with
attack-fault trees, in: 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on High
Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE), 12–14 January 2017, Singapore, 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1109/HASE.2017.12, 2017.
Kurth, M. H., Keenan, J. M., Sasani, M., and Linkov, I.: Defining resilience
for the US building industry, Build. Res. Inform., 47, 480–492, https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1452489, 2019.
Leigh, N. G. and Lee, H.: Sustainable and resilient urban water systems:
The role of decentralization and planning, Sustainability, 11, 918,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030918, 2019.
Leveson, N., Dulac, N., Zipkin, D., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Carroll, J.,
and Barrett, B.: Engineering resilience into safety-critical systems,
Resil. Eng.: Concept. Precept., Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Hampshire, UK, 95-123, 2006.
LRF: Lloyd's Register Foundation: strategy 2014–2020, London, UK, 2014.
LRF: Foresight review of resilience engineering: designing for the expected
and unexpected, Lloyd's Register Foundation Report Series: No. 2015.2,
London, UK, 2015.
Madni, A. M. and Jackson, S.: Towards a conceptual framework for resilience
engineering, IEEE Syst. J., 3, 181–191, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2009.2017397, 2009.
Majithia, S.: Improving resilience challenges and linkages of the energy
industry in changing climate, In Weather Matters for Energy, Springer, New
York, NY, 113–131, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9221-4_5, 2014.
Mao, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, J., Hajjar, J. F., and Padlr, T.: Towards Automated
Post-Disaster Damage Assessment of Critical Infrastructure with Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, in: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), 23–24 October 2018, Woburn, MA, USA, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/THS.2018.8574186, 2018.
Markolf, S. A., Chester, M. V., Eisenberg, D. A., Iwaniec, D. M., Davidson,
C. I., Zimmerman, R., Miller, T. R., Ruddell, B. L., and Chang, H.:
Interdependent Infrastructure as Linked Social, Ecological, and
Technological Systems (SETSs) to Address Lock-in and Enhance Resilience,
Earth's Future, 6, 1638–1659, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000926, 2018.
Martinez, M. L., Taramelli, A., and Silva, R.: Resistance and resilience:
facing the multidimensional challenges in coastal areas, J. Coast. Res., 77, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI77-001.1, 2017.
McEvoy, D., Funfgeld, H., and Bosomworth, K.: Resilience and climate change
adaptation: the importance of framing, Plan. Pract. Res., 28, 280–293, https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2013.787710, 2013.
McPhearson, T., Andersson, E., Elmqvist, T., and Frantzeskaki, N.: Resilience of and through urban ecosystem services, Ecosyst. Serv., 12, 152–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.012, 2015.
Meadows, D. H.: Thinking in systems: A primer, Chelsea green publishing,
Chelsea, 2008.
Meerow, S. and Newell, J. P.: Resilience and complexity: A bibliometric
review and prospects for industrial ecology, J. Indust. Ecol., 19, 236–251, https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12252, 2015.
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., and Stults, M.: Defining urban resilience: A review, Landsc. Urban Plan., 147, 38–49, 2016.
Mehvar, S., Dastgheib, A., Bamunawala, J., Wickramanayake, M., and
Ranasinghe, R.: Quantitative assessment of the environmental risk due to
climate change-driven coastline recession: A case study in Trincomalee
coastal area, Sri Lanka, Climate Risk Management, Elsevier, the Netherlands, 100192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2019.100192, 2019a.
Mehvar, S., Dastgheib, A., Filatova, T., and Ranasinghe, R.: A practical
framework of quantifying climate change-driven environmental losses (QuantiCEL) in coastal areas in developing countries, Environ. Sci.
Policy, 101, 302–310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.09.007, 2019b.
Meltzer, J. P.: Financing low carbon, climate resilient infrastructure: the
role of climate finance and green financial systems, in: Climate Resilient
Infrastructure: The Role of Climate Finance and Green Financial Systems,
Brookings, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2841918, 2016.
Mens, M. J., Klijn, F., de Bruijn, K. M., and van Beek, E.: The meaning of
system robustness for flood risk management, Environ. Sci. Policy, 14, 1121–1131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.08.003, 2011.
Meyer, P. B. and Schwarze, R.: Financing climate-resilient infrastructure:
Determining risk, reward, and return on investment, Front. Eng. Manage., 6, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0009-4, 2019.
Mosalam, K. M., Alibrandi, U., Lee, H., and Armengou, J.: Performance-based
engineering and multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainable and resilient building design, Struct. Safe., 74, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2018.03.005, 2018.
Mostafavi, A.: A system-of-systems framework for exploratory analysis of
climate change impacts on civil infrastructure resilience, Sustain. Resil. Infrastruct., 3, 175–192, https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1416845, 2018.
Mostert, E., Gaertner, M., Holmes, P. M., O'Farrell, P. J., and Richardson,
D. M.: A multi-criterion approach for prioritizing areas in urban ecosystems
for active restoration following invasive plant control, Environ. Manage., 62, 1150–1167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1103-9, 2018.
Muneepeerakul, R. and Anderies, J. M.: Strategic behaviors and governance
challenges in social-ecological systems, Earth's Future, 5, 865–876,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000562, 2017.
Nagenborg, M.: Urban resilience and distributive justice, Sustain. Resil. Infrastruct., 4, 103–111, https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2019.1607658, 2019.
Nan, C. and Sansavini, G.: A quantitative method for assessing resilience of interdependent infrastructures, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 157, 35–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.08.013, 2017.
Ness, B., Urbel-Piirsalu, E., Anderberg, S., Olsson, L.: Categorising tools
for sustainability assessment, Ecol. Econ., 60, 498–508,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.023, 2007.
Nex, F., Duarte, D., Steenbeek, A., and Kerle, N.: Towards real-time
building damage mapping with low-cost UAV solutions, Remote Sens., 11, 287, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030287, 2019.
Nicolas, C., Koks, E., Potter van Loon, A., Arderne, C., Zorn, C., and
Hallegatte, S.: Global Power Sector Exposure and Risk Assessment to Natural
Disasters, Background paper for this report, World Bank, Washington, D.C.,
2019.
O'Brien, K.: Global environmental change II: from adaptation to deliberate
transformation, Prog. Human Geogr., 36, 667–676, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511425767, 2012.
OECD: Towards a Framework for the Governance of Infrastructure, Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate, Paris, 2015.
Oppenheimer, M., Campos, M., Warren, R., Birkmann, J., Luber, G., O'Neill, B., and Takahashi, K.: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities, in: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1039–1099, 2014.
Ouyang, M.: A mathematical framework to optimize resilience of interdependent critical infrastructure systems under spatially localized attacks, Eur. J. Operat. Res., 262, 1072–1084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.04.022, 2017.
Oxman, R.: Performance-based design: current practices and research issues,
Int. J. Architect. Comput., 6, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1260/147807708784640090, 2008.
Panteli, M., Mancarella, P., Trakas, D. N., Kyriakides, E., and Hatziargyriou, N. D.: Metrics and quantification of operational and infrastructure resilience in power systems, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 32, 4732–4742, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2664141, 2017.
Patriarca, R., Bergström, J., Di Gravio, G., and Costantino, F.:
Resilience engineering: Current status of the research and future challenges, Safe. Sci., 102, 79–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.10.005, 2018.
Paul, S. and Rather, Z. H.: Quantification of Wind Farm Operational and
Infrastructure Resilience, in: 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), 21–25 October 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571597, 2018.
Pearson, J., Punzo, G., Mayfield, M., Brighty, G., Parsons, A., Collins, P.,
Jeavons, S., and Tagg, A.: Flood resilience: consolidating knowledge between
and within critical infrastructure sectors, Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 318–329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9709-2, 2018.
Peters, D. P., Pielke, R. A., Bestelmeyer, B. T., Allen, C. D., Munson-McGee, S., and Havstad, K. M.: Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 15130–15135,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403822101, 2004.
Rak, J., Hutchison, D., Calle, E., Gomes, T., Gunkel, M., Smith, P., Tapolcai, J., Verbrugge, S., and Wosinska, L.: RECODIS: Resilient communication services protecting end-user applications from disaster-based
failures, in: 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 10–14 July 2016, Trento, Italy, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2016.7550596, 2016.
Ramsey, M. M., Muñoz-Erickson, T. A., Mélendez-Ackerman, E., Nytch,
C. J., Branoff, B. L., and Carrasquillo-Medrano, D.: Overcoming barriers to
knowledge integration for urban resilience: A knowledge systems analysis of
two-flood prone communities in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Environ. Sci. Policy, 99, 48–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.04.013, 2019.
Reed, D., Wang, S., Kapur, K., and Zheng, C.: Systems-based approach to
interdependent electric power delivery and telecommunications infrastructure
resilience subject to weather-related hazards, J. Struct. Eng., 142, C4015011, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001395, 2015.
Restemeyer, B., van den Brink, M., and Woltjer, J.: Between adaptability and
the urge to control: making long-term water policies in the Netherlands, J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 60, 920–940, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1189403, 2017.
Rinaldi, S. M., Peerenboom, J. P., and Kelly, T. K.: Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies, IEEE
Control Syst. Mag., 21, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.1109/37.969131, 2001.
Rodriguez, A. A., Cifdaloz, O., Anderies, J. M., Janssen, M. A., and Dickeson, J.: Confronting management challenges in highly uncertain natural
resource systems: a robustness–vulnerability trade-off approach, Environ. Model. Assess., 16, 15–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9229-z, 2011.
Román-De La Sancha, A., Mayoral, J. M., Hutchinson, T. C., Candia, G.,
Montgomery, J., and Tepalcapa, S.: Assessment of fragility models based on
the Sept 19th, 2017 earthquake observed damage, Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng., 125, 105707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105707, 2019.
Roy, K. C., Cebrian, M., and Hasan, S.: Quantifying human mobility resilience to extreme events using geo-located social media data, EPJ Data Sci., 8, 18, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-019-0196-6, 2019.
Rozenberg, J. and Fay, M.: Beyond the gap: How countries can afford the
infrastructure they need while protecting the planet, The World Bank, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1363-4, 2019.
Ruijters, E. and Stoelinga, M.: Fault tree analysis: A survey of the
state-of-the-art in modeling, analysis and tools, Comput. Sci. Rev., 15, 29–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2015.03.001, 2015.
Ruijters, E. and Stoelinga, M.: Better railway engineering through statistical model checking, in: International Symposium on Leveraging
Applications of Formal Methods, Springer, Cham, 151–165,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47166-2_10, 2016.
Salinas Rodriguez, C. N., Ashley, R., Gersonius, B., Rijke, J., Pathirana,
A., and Zevenbergen, C.: Incorporation and application of resilience in the
context of water-sensitive urban design: linking European and Australian
perspectives, Wiley Interdisciplin. Rev.: Water, 1, 173–186,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1017, 2014.
Sapkota, R. P., Stahl, P. D., and Rijal, K.: Restoration governance: An
integrated approach towards sustainably restoring degraded ecosystems, Environ. Dev., 27, 83–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.07.001, 2018.
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., and Walker, B.:
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems, Nature, 413, 6856, https://doi.org/10.1038/35098000, 2001.
Schippers, M. C., Edmondson, A. C., and West, M. A.: Team reflexivity as an
antidote to team information-processing failures, Small Group Res., 45,
731–769, https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496414553473, 2014.
Sharma, N., Tabandeh, A., and Gardoni, P.: Resilience analysis: a mathematical formulation to model resilience of engineering systems,
Taylor & Francis, UK, https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1345257, 2017.
Sheykhmousa, M., Kerle, N., Kuffer, M., and Ghaffarian, S.: Post-disaster
recovery assessment with machine learning-derived land cover and land use
information, Remote Sens., 11, 1174, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101174, 2019.
Shittu, E., Parker, G., and Mock, N.: Improving communication resilience for
effective disaster relief operations, Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 379–397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9694-5, 2018.
Shrier, D., Wu, W., and Pentland, A.: Blockchain and infrastructure (identity, data security), Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Connection Science, Massachusetts, 1, 1–19, 2016.
Siegel, A. W. and Schraagen, J. M. C.: Measuring workload weak resilience
signals at a rail control post, IIE T. Occupat. Ergonom. Human Fact., 2, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2014.958632, 2014.
Siegel, A. W. and Schraagen, J. M. C.: Beyond procedures: Team reflection in a rail control centre to enhance resilience, Safe. Sci., 91, 181–191,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.08.013, 2017a.
Siegel, A. W. and Schraagen, J. M. C.: Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking:
observation study at a rail post, Cognit. Technol. Work, 19, 127–142, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-016-0400-4, 2017b.
Spence, S. M. and Kareem, A.: Performance-based design and optimization of
uncertain wind-excited dynamic building systems, Eng. Struct., 78, 133–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.026, 2014.
Sridharan, V., Broad, O., Shivakumar, A., Howells, M., Boehlert, B., Groves,
D. G., Rogner, H. H., Taliotis, C., Neumann, J. E., Strzepek, K. M., and
Lempert, R.: Resilience of the Eastern African electricity sector to climate
driven changes in hydropower generation, Nat. Commun., 10, 302,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08275-7, 2019.
Staddon, C., Ward, S., De Vito, L., Zuniga-Teran, A., Gerlak, A. K., Schoeman, Y., Hart, A., and Booth, G.: Contributions of green infrastructure
to enhancing urban resilience, Environ. Syst. Decis., 38, 330–338, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9702-9, 2018.
Steen, R. and Aven, T.: A risk perspective suitable for resilience engineering, Safe. Sci., 49, 292–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.09.003, 2011.
Stern, M. J. and Baird, T. D.: Trust ecology and the resilience of natural
resource management institutions, Ecol. Soc., 20, 14, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07248-200214, 2015.
Stive, M. J., de Schipper, M. A., Luijendijk, A. P., Aarninkhof, S. G., van Gelder-Maas, C., van Thiel de Vries, J. S., de Vries, S., Henriquez, M.,
Marx, S., and Ranasinghe, R.: A new alternative to saving our beaches from
sea-level rise: The sand engine, J. Coast. Res., 29, 1001–1008, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00070.1, 2013.
Thacker, S., Pant, R., and Hall, J. W.: System-of-systems formulation and
disruption analysis for multi-scale critical national infrastructures,
Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 167, 30–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.04.023, 2017.
Troccoli, A., Dubus, L., and Haupt, S. E.: Weather matters for energy, Springer, Berlin, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9221-4, 2014.
Tsavdaroglou, M., Al-Jibouri, S. H., Bles, T., and Halman, J. I.: Proposed
methodology for risk analysis of interdependent critical infrastructures to
extreme weather events, Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Protect., 21, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2018.04.002, 2018.
Underwood, P. and Waterson, P.: Systemic accident analysis: examining the gap between research and practice, Accident Anal. Prevent., 55, 154–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.041, 2013.
Van der Bijl-Brouwer, M. and Dorst, K.: Advancing the strategic impact of
human-centred design, Design Stud., 53, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2017.06.003, 2017.
Van den Beukel, A. P. and van der Voort, M. C.: How to assess driver's
interaction with partially automated driving systems – A framework for early
concept assessment, Appl. Ergonom., 59, 302–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.09.005, 2017.
Venkataramanan, V., Packman, A. I., Peters, D. R., Lopez, D., McCuskey, D.
J., McDonald, R. I., Miller, W. M., and Young, S. L.: A systematic review of
the human health and social well-being outcomes of green infrastructure for
stormwater and flood management, J. Environ. Manage., 246, 868–880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.028, 2019.
Vuik, V., Jonkman, S. N., Borsje, B. W., and Suzuki, T.: Nature-based flood
protection: The efficiency of vegetated foreshores for reducing wave loads on coastal dikes, Coast. Eng., 116, 42–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.06.001, 2016.
Vuik, V., Borsje, B. W., Willemsen, P. W., and Jonkman, S. N.: Salt marshes
for flood risk reduction: Quantifying long-term effectiveness and life-cycle
costs, Ocean. Coast. Manage., 171, 96–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.01.010, 2019.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S., and Kinzig, A.: Resilience,
adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems, Ecol. Soc.,
9, 5, 2004.
Walker, B., Carpenter, S., Anderies, J., Abel, N., Cumming, G., Janssen, M.,
Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G., and Pritchard, R.: Resilience management in social-ecological systems: A working hypothesis for a
participatory approach, Ecol. Soc., 6, 14, 2018.
Wamsler, C.: Cities, Disaster Risk and Adaptation, in: Routledge Critical
Introductions to Urbanism and the City, Routledge, London, 2014.
Wang, W., Yang, S., Stanley, H. E., and Gao, J.: Local floods induce large-scale abrupt failures of road networks, Nat. Commun., 10, 2114, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10063-w, 2019.
Wardekker, J. A., de Jong, A., Knoop, J. M., and van er Sluijs, J. P.:
Operationalising a resilience approach to adapting an urban delta to uncertain climate changes, Technol. Forecast. Social Change, 77, 987–998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2009.11.005, 2010.
Wei, H. H., Sim, T., and Han, Z.: Confidence in authorities, neighbourhood
cohesion and natural hazards preparedness in Taiwan, Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 40, 101265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101265, 2019.
Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., and Newell, J. P.: Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities `just green enough', Landsc. Urban Plan., 125, 234–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017, 2014.
Woods, D. D.: Four concepts for resilience and the implications for the future of resilience engineering, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 141, 5–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.018, 2015.
Wu, J. and Wu, T.: Ecological resilience as a foundation for urban design and sustainability, In Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design, Springer, Dordrecht, 211–229, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5341-9_10, 2013.
Wu, Y., Tornatore, M., Martel, C. U., and Mukherjee, B.: Content
Fragmentation: A Redundancy Scheme to Save Energy in Cloud Networks, IEEE T. Green Commun. Netw., 2, 1186–1196, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2018.2870616, 2018.
WWAP – United Nations World Water Assessment Programme: The United Nations
World Water Development Report 2018: Nature-Based Solutions for Water,
UNESCO, Paris, 2018.
Xue, X., Wang, L., and Yang, R. J.: Exploring the science of resilience:
critical review and bibliometric analysis, Nat. Hazards, 90, 477–510,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3040-y, 2018.
Zhang, X., Mahadevan, S., Sankararaman, S., and Goebel, K.: Resilience-based
network design under uncertainty, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 169, 364–379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.09.009, 2018.
Zimmerman, R., Zhu, Q., and Dimitri, C.: Promoting resilience for food,
energy, and water interdependencies, J. Environ. Stud. Sci., 6, 50–61, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0362-0, 2016.
Zou, Q. and Chen, S.: Enhancing resilience of interdependent traffic-electric power system, Reliabil. Eng. Syst. Safe., 191, 106557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106557, 2019.
Short summary
This review synthesizes and complements existing knowledge in designing resilient vital infrastructure systems (VIS). Results from a systematic literature review indicate that (i) VIS are still being built without taking resilience explicitly into account and (ii) measures to enhance the resilience of VIS have not been widely applied in practice. The main pressing topic to address is the integration of the combined social, ecological, and technical resilience of these systems.
This review synthesizes and complements existing knowledge in designing resilient vital...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint