Heat waves in Africa 1981&ndash;2015, observations and reanalysis

Ceccherini, Guido; Russo, Simone; Ameztoy, Iban; Marchese, Andrea Francesco; Carmona-Moreno, Cesar

doi:10.5194/nhess-17-115-2017

Articles | Volume 17, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-115-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-115-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 1

Research article

|

30 Jan 2017

Research article |

| 30 Jan 2017

Heat waves in Africa 1981–2015, observations and reanalysis

Guido Ceccherini, Simone Russo, Iban Ameztoy, Andrea Francesco Marchese, and Cesar Carmona-Moreno

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Total article views: 6,648 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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3,516	2,852	280	6,648	538	195	229

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XML: 280
Total: 6,648
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Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Apr 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2016	82	26	1	109
May 2016	43	17	0	60
Jun 2016	16	7	2	25
Jul 2016	8	1	0	9
Aug 2016	2	1	0	3
Sep 2016	2	2	0	4
Oct 2016	4	3	0	7
Nov 2016	3	2	1	6
Dec 2016	2	2	0	4
Jan 2017	31	6	1	38
Feb 2017	97	23	10	130
Mar 2017	121	42	11	174
Apr 2017	47	42	4	93
May 2017	43	39	3	85
Jun 2017	42	30	2	74
Jul 2017	26	21	1	48
Aug 2017	15	26	2	43
Sep 2017	22	39	1	62
Oct 2017	10	30	0	40
Nov 2017	14	27	2	43
Dec 2017	16	18	3	37
Jan 2018	16	34	1	51
Feb 2018	14	28	2	44
Mar 2018	22	37	5	64
Apr 2018	14	26	1	41
May 2018	17	32	1	50
Jun 2018	61	39	8	108
Jul 2018	53	32	2	87
Aug 2018	71	44	6	121
Sep 2018	42	36	7	85
Oct 2018	48	48	12	108
Nov 2018	42	31	3	76
Dec 2018	30	38	6	74
Jan 2019	38	30	4	72
Feb 2019	36	23	2	61
Mar 2019	42	35	4	81
Apr 2019	14	29	1	44
May 2019	13	31	0	44
Jun 2019	31	30	3	64
Jul 2019	46	32	2	80
Aug 2019	33	36	1	70
Sep 2019	32	32	1	65
Oct 2019	27	28	2	57
Nov 2019	15	22	0	37
Dec 2019	10	22	0	32
Jan 2020	24	13	3	40
Feb 2020	11	13	0	24
Mar 2020	5	12	0	17
Apr 2020	18	19	0	37
May 2020	10	10	0	20
Jun 2020	26	24	0	50
Jul 2020	23	35	9	67
Aug 2020	14	13	4	31
Sep 2020	18	7	0	25
Oct 2020	16	6	0	22
Nov 2020	15	12	3	30
Dec 2020	21	17	3	41
Jan 2021	30	13	1	44
Feb 2021	31	16	3	50
Mar 2021	28	17	2	47
Apr 2021	24	15	2	41
May 2021	15	6	3	24
Jun 2021	18	15	4	37
Jul 2021	16	24	0	40
Aug 2021	43	24	6	73
Sep 2021	28	17	1	46
Oct 2021	26	57	7	90
Nov 2021	15	47	2	64
Dec 2021	20	13	0	33
Jan 2022	16	23	2	41
Feb 2022	16	10	1	27
Mar 2022	17	22	2	41
Apr 2022	18	17	2	37
May 2022	17	12	3	32
Jun 2022	18	13	2	33
Jul 2022	9	18	2	29
Aug 2022	25	77	4	106
Sep 2022	31	55	4	90
Oct 2022	18	15	1	34
Nov 2022	23	10	3	36
Dec 2022	27	10	1	38
Jan 2023	38	31	4	73
Feb 2023	41	20	4	65
Mar 2023	43	15	4	62
Apr 2023	36	22	1	59
May 2023	34	34	5	73
Jun 2023	29	17	2	48
Jul 2023	28	18	3	49
Aug 2023	20	24	6	50
Sep 2023	30	29	2	61
Oct 2023	50	32	5	87
Nov 2023	16	9	1	26
Dec 2023	39	23	3	65
Jan 2024	31	42	1	74
Feb 2024	24	27	3	54
Mar 2024	30	36	2	68
Apr 2024	46	31	3	80
May 2024	39	45	2	86
Jun 2024	37	31	2	70
Jul 2024	38	30	4	72
Aug 2024	52	18	5	75
Sep 2024	36	38	2	76
Oct 2024	34	33	1	68
Nov 2024	14	27	0	41
Dec 2024	35	30	0	65
Jan 2025	51	27	2	80
Feb 2025	50	20	6	76
Mar 2025	45	31	1	77
Apr 2025	54	24	0	78
May 2025	54	20	1	75
Jun 2025	60	24	0	84
Jul 2025	73	37	2	112
Aug 2025	41	28	1	70
Sep 2025	58	25	2	85
Oct 2025	45	32	1	78
Nov 2025	22	16	1	39

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Apr 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2016	82	26	1	109
May 2016	43	17	0	60
Jun 2016	16	7	2	25
Jul 2016	8	1	0	9
Aug 2016	2	1	0	3
Sep 2016	2	2	0	4
Oct 2016	4	3	0	7
Nov 2016	3	2	1	6
Dec 2016	2	2	0	4
Jan 2017	31	6	1	38
Feb 2017	97	23	10	130
Mar 2017	121	42	11	174
Apr 2017	47	42	4	93
May 2017	43	39	3	85
Jun 2017	42	30	2	74
Jul 2017	26	21	1	48
Aug 2017	15	26	2	43
Sep 2017	22	39	1	62
Oct 2017	10	30	0	40
Nov 2017	14	27	2	43
Dec 2017	16	18	3	37
Jan 2018	16	34	1	51
Feb 2018	14	28	2	44
Mar 2018	22	37	5	64
Apr 2018	14	26	1	41
May 2018	17	32	1	50
Jun 2018	61	39	8	108
Jul 2018	53	32	2	87
Aug 2018	71	44	6	121
Sep 2018	42	36	7	85
Oct 2018	48	48	12	108
Nov 2018	42	31	3	76
Dec 2018	30	38	6	74
Jan 2019	38	30	4	72
Feb 2019	36	23	2	61
Mar 2019	42	35	4	81
Apr 2019	14	29	1	44
May 2019	13	31	0	44
Jun 2019	31	30	3	64
Jul 2019	46	32	2	80
Aug 2019	33	36	1	70
Sep 2019	32	32	1	65
Oct 2019	27	28	2	57
Nov 2019	15	22	0	37
Dec 2019	10	22	0	32
Jan 2020	24	13	3	40
Feb 2020	11	13	0	24
Mar 2020	5	12	0	17
Apr 2020	18	19	0	37
May 2020	10	10	0	20
Jun 2020	26	24	0	50
Jul 2020	23	35	9	67
Aug 2020	14	13	4	31
Sep 2020	18	7	0	25
Oct 2020	16	6	0	22
Nov 2020	15	12	3	30
Dec 2020	21	17	3	41
Jan 2021	30	13	1	44
Feb 2021	31	16	3	50
Mar 2021	28	17	2	47
Apr 2021	24	15	2	41
May 2021	15	6	3	24
Jun 2021	18	15	4	37
Jul 2021	16	24	0	40
Aug 2021	43	24	6	73
Sep 2021	28	17	1	46
Oct 2021	26	57	7	90
Nov 2021	15	47	2	64
Dec 2021	20	13	0	33
Jan 2022	16	23	2	41
Feb 2022	16	10	1	27
Mar 2022	17	22	2	41
Apr 2022	18	17	2	37
May 2022	17	12	3	32
Jun 2022	18	13	2	33
Jul 2022	9	18	2	29
Aug 2022	25	77	4	106
Sep 2022	31	55	4	90
Oct 2022	18	15	1	34
Nov 2022	23	10	3	36
Dec 2022	27	10	1	38
Jan 2023	38	31	4	73
Feb 2023	41	20	4	65
Mar 2023	43	15	4	62
Apr 2023	36	22	1	59
May 2023	34	34	5	73
Jun 2023	29	17	2	48
Jul 2023	28	18	3	49
Aug 2023	20	24	6	50
Sep 2023	30	29	2	61
Oct 2023	50	32	5	87
Nov 2023	16	9	1	26
Dec 2023	39	23	3	65
Jan 2024	31	42	1	74
Feb 2024	24	27	3	54
Mar 2024	30	36	2	68
Apr 2024	46	31	3	80
May 2024	39	45	2	86
Jun 2024	37	31	2	70
Jul 2024	38	30	4	72
Aug 2024	52	18	5	75
Sep 2024	36	38	2	76
Oct 2024	34	33	1	68
Nov 2024	14	27	0	41
Dec 2024	35	30	0	65
Jan 2025	51	27	2	80
Feb 2025	50	20	6	76
Mar 2025	45	31	1	77
Apr 2025	54	24	0	78
May 2025	54	20	1	75
Jun 2025	60	24	0	84
Jul 2025	73	37	2	112
Aug 2025	41	28	1	70
Sep 2025	58	25	2	85
Oct 2025	45	32	1	78
Nov 2025	22	16	1	39

Latest update: 16 Nov 2025

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Short summary

The purpose of this article is to show the extreme temperature regime of heat waves across Africa over recent years (1981–2015). Heat waves have been quantified using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId), which merges the duration and the intensity of extreme temperature events into a single numerical index. The analysis show an increasing number of heat waves of both maxima and minima temperatures in the last decades.