Boulder accumulations related to extreme wave events on the eastern coast of Malta

Biolchi, Sara; Furlani, Stefano; Antonioli, Fabrizio; Baldassini, Niccoló; Causon Deguara, Joanna; Devoto, Stefano; Di Stefano, Agata; Evans, Julian; Gambin, Timothy; Gauci, Ritienne; Mastronuzzi, Giuseppe; Monaco, Carmelo; Scicchitano, Giovanni

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-737-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-737-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-737-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 3

Research article

|

16 Mar 2016

Research article |

| 16 Mar 2016

Boulder accumulations related to extreme wave events on the eastern coast of Malta

Sara Biolchi, Stefano Furlani, Fabrizio Antonioli, Niccoló Baldassini, Joanna Causon Deguara, Stefano Devoto, Agata Di Stefano, Julian Evans, Timothy Gambin, Ritienne Gauci, Giuseppe Mastronuzzi, Carmelo Monaco, and Giovanni Scicchitano

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Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Oct 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2015	44	70	4	118
Nov 2015	14	13	0	27
Dec 2015	6	12	0	18
Jan 2016	21	9	0	30
Feb 2016	30	17	2	49
Mar 2016	104	49	2	155
Apr 2016	48	34	1	83
May 2016	26	13	3	42
Jun 2016	8	6	1	15
Jul 2016	15	7	5	27
Aug 2016	8	10	5	23
Sep 2016	9	6	1	16
Oct 2016	7	2	2	11
Nov 2016	12	7	1	20
Dec 2016	6	4	2	12
Jan 2017	13	11	1	25
Feb 2017	11	5	3	19
Mar 2017	31	7	4	42
Apr 2017	26	15	1	42
May 2017	27	13	4	44
Jun 2017	29	6	2	37
Jul 2017	12	6	3	21
Aug 2017	14	7	2	23
Sep 2017	11	15	2	28
Oct 2017	8	11	0	19
Nov 2017	11	13	2	26
Dec 2017	18	16	6	40
Jan 2018	11	10	0	21
Feb 2018	9	4	3	16
Mar 2018	15	11	4	30
Apr 2018	14	10	3	27
May 2018	14	13	2	29
Jun 2018	16	12	7	35
Jul 2018	15	18	4	37
Aug 2018	17	11	1	29
Sep 2018	15	19	3	37
Oct 2018	13	17	2	32
Nov 2018	17	23	2	42
Dec 2018	16	20	7	43
Jan 2019	6	16	7	29
Feb 2019	7	15	1	23
Mar 2019	5	20	2	27
Apr 2019	10	15	7	32
May 2019	8	11	2	21
Jun 2019	12	24	5	41
Jul 2019	14	20	4	38
Aug 2019	8	16	3	27
Sep 2019	14	15	2	31
Oct 2019	21	11	3	35
Nov 2019	7	7	2	16
Dec 2019	10	4	7	21
Jan 2020	14	13	8	35
Feb 2020	13	7	2	22
Mar 2020	7	10	1	18
Apr 2020	7	11	3	21
May 2020	12	9	0	21
Jun 2020	23	5	1	29
Jul 2020	33	21	23	77
Aug 2020	9	14	8	31
Sep 2020	21	7	5	33
Oct 2020	9	10	2	21
Nov 2020	11	9	2	22
Dec 2020	12	8	4	24
Jan 2021	36	13	2	51
Feb 2021	13	5	0	18
Mar 2021	20	8	8	36
Apr 2021	16	3	2	21
May 2021	17	15	1	33
Jun 2021	10	7	1	18
Jul 2021	6	11	4	21
Aug 2021	9	8	4	21
Sep 2021	16	17	4	37
Oct 2021	10	46	3	59
Nov 2021	14	28	3	45
Dec 2021	10	10	1	21
Jan 2022	12	17	0	29
Feb 2022	11	9	6	26
Mar 2022	11	10	1	22
Apr 2022	15	14	7	36
May 2022	15	10	2	27
Jun 2022	11	8	8	27
Jul 2022	8	6	3	17
Aug 2022	9	8	1	18
Sep 2022	12	7	1	20
Oct 2022	5	6	6	17
Nov 2022	12	15	0	27
Dec 2022	38	8	1	47
Jan 2023	20	22	1	43
Feb 2023	20	14	0	34
Mar 2023	18	13	0	31
Apr 2023	10	19	1	30
May 2023	24	11	3	38
Jun 2023	29	10	1	40
Jul 2023	11	12	1	24
Aug 2023	19	6	2	27
Sep 2023	55	5	1	61
Oct 2023	114	10	1	125
Nov 2023	111	2	0	113
Dec 2023	22	14	1	37
Jan 2024	19	11	1	31
Feb 2024	11	11	3	25
Mar 2024	10	13	0	23
Apr 2024	25	10	2	37
May 2024	18	15	6	39
Jun 2024	11	10	1	22
Jul 2024	16	8	4	28
Aug 2024	31	5	5	41
Sep 2024	7	7	1	15
Oct 2024	25	13	0	38
Nov 2024	9	7	1	17
Dec 2024	11	9	1	21
Jan 2025	22	16	0	38
Feb 2025	25	6	1	32
Mar 2025	18	15	0	33
Apr 2025	61	15	0	76
May 2025	48	18	1	67
Jun 2025	44	26	0	70
Jul 2025	29	12	2	43
Aug 2025	17	12	0	29
Sep 2025	39	16	2	57
Oct 2025	37	30	3	70
Nov 2025	13	8	0	21

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 06 Oct 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2015	44	70	4	118
Nov 2015	14	13	0	27
Dec 2015	6	12	0	18
Jan 2016	21	9	0	30
Feb 2016	30	17	2	49
Mar 2016	104	49	2	155
Apr 2016	48	34	1	83
May 2016	26	13	3	42
Jun 2016	8	6	1	15
Jul 2016	15	7	5	27
Aug 2016	8	10	5	23
Sep 2016	9	6	1	16
Oct 2016	7	2	2	11
Nov 2016	12	7	1	20
Dec 2016	6	4	2	12
Jan 2017	13	11	1	25
Feb 2017	11	5	3	19
Mar 2017	31	7	4	42
Apr 2017	26	15	1	42
May 2017	27	13	4	44
Jun 2017	29	6	2	37
Jul 2017	12	6	3	21
Aug 2017	14	7	2	23
Sep 2017	11	15	2	28
Oct 2017	8	11	0	19
Nov 2017	11	13	2	26
Dec 2017	18	16	6	40
Jan 2018	11	10	0	21
Feb 2018	9	4	3	16
Mar 2018	15	11	4	30
Apr 2018	14	10	3	27
May 2018	14	13	2	29
Jun 2018	16	12	7	35
Jul 2018	15	18	4	37
Aug 2018	17	11	1	29
Sep 2018	15	19	3	37
Oct 2018	13	17	2	32
Nov 2018	17	23	2	42
Dec 2018	16	20	7	43
Jan 2019	6	16	7	29
Feb 2019	7	15	1	23
Mar 2019	5	20	2	27
Apr 2019	10	15	7	32
May 2019	8	11	2	21
Jun 2019	12	24	5	41
Jul 2019	14	20	4	38
Aug 2019	8	16	3	27
Sep 2019	14	15	2	31
Oct 2019	21	11	3	35
Nov 2019	7	7	2	16
Dec 2019	10	4	7	21
Jan 2020	14	13	8	35
Feb 2020	13	7	2	22
Mar 2020	7	10	1	18
Apr 2020	7	11	3	21
May 2020	12	9	0	21
Jun 2020	23	5	1	29
Jul 2020	33	21	23	77
Aug 2020	9	14	8	31
Sep 2020	21	7	5	33
Oct 2020	9	10	2	21
Nov 2020	11	9	2	22
Dec 2020	12	8	4	24
Jan 2021	36	13	2	51
Feb 2021	13	5	0	18
Mar 2021	20	8	8	36
Apr 2021	16	3	2	21
May 2021	17	15	1	33
Jun 2021	10	7	1	18
Jul 2021	6	11	4	21
Aug 2021	9	8	4	21
Sep 2021	16	17	4	37
Oct 2021	10	46	3	59
Nov 2021	14	28	3	45
Dec 2021	10	10	1	21
Jan 2022	12	17	0	29
Feb 2022	11	9	6	26
Mar 2022	11	10	1	22
Apr 2022	15	14	7	36
May 2022	15	10	2	27
Jun 2022	11	8	8	27
Jul 2022	8	6	3	17
Aug 2022	9	8	1	18
Sep 2022	12	7	1	20
Oct 2022	5	6	6	17
Nov 2022	12	15	0	27
Dec 2022	38	8	1	47
Jan 2023	20	22	1	43
Feb 2023	20	14	0	34
Mar 2023	18	13	0	31
Apr 2023	10	19	1	30
May 2023	24	11	3	38
Jun 2023	29	10	1	40
Jul 2023	11	12	1	24
Aug 2023	19	6	2	27
Sep 2023	55	5	1	61
Oct 2023	114	10	1	125
Nov 2023	111	2	0	113
Dec 2023	22	14	1	37
Jan 2024	19	11	1	31
Feb 2024	11	11	3	25
Mar 2024	10	13	0	23
Apr 2024	25	10	2	37
May 2024	18	15	6	39
Jun 2024	11	10	1	22
Jul 2024	16	8	4	28
Aug 2024	31	5	5	41
Sep 2024	7	7	1	15
Oct 2024	25	13	0	38
Nov 2024	9	7	1	17
Dec 2024	11	9	1	21
Jan 2025	22	16	0	38
Feb 2025	25	6	1	32
Mar 2025	18	15	0	33
Apr 2025	61	15	0	76
May 2025	48	18	1	67
Jun 2025	44	26	0	70
Jul 2025	29	12	2	43
Aug 2025	17	12	0	29
Sep 2025	39	16	2	57
Oct 2025	37	30	3	70
Nov 2025	13	8	0	21

Latest update: 08 Nov 2025

Short summary

Along the eastern coast of Malta, the processes responsible for the transport of anomalous large boulders from the sea to the coast were analysed. The wave heights required to transport them from the sea to the coast were estimated using a hydrodynamic approach, while AMS ¹⁴C ages were determined from encrusted marine organisms. The combination of the results suggests that the majority of boulders were detached and moved by storm waves, but the occurrence of past tsunamis cannot be ruled out.