Storms or cold fronts: what is really responsible for the extreme waves  regime in the Colombian Caribbean coastal region?

Otero, L. J.; Ortiz-Royero, J. C.; Ruiz-Merchan, J. K.; Higgins, A. E.; Henriquez, S. A.

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-391-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-391-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-391-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 2

Research article

|

08 Feb 2016

Research article |

| 08 Feb 2016

Storms or cold fronts: what is really responsible for the extreme waves regime in the Colombian Caribbean coastal region?

L. J. Otero, J. C. Ortiz-Royero, J. K. Ruiz-Merchan, A. E. Higgins, and S. A. Henriquez

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Views and downloads (calculated since 04 May 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2015	15	24	2	41
Jun 2015	9	5	0	14
Jul 2015	14	5	0	19
Aug 2015	9	4	0	13
Sep 2015	9	6	1	16
Oct 2015	4	3	0	7
Nov 2015	9	3	1	13
Dec 2015	1	2	1	4
Jan 2016	10	5	0	15
Feb 2016	82	27	1	110
Mar 2016	42	17	0	59
Apr 2016	12	5	1	18
May 2016	5	7	0	12
Jun 2016	9	2	1	12
Jul 2016	6	3	1	10
Aug 2016	11	5	1	17
Sep 2016	7	7	0	14
Oct 2016	5	1	0	6
Nov 2016	6	3	1	10
Dec 2016	5	3	0	8
Jan 2017	11	5	0	16
Feb 2017	3	3	0	6
Mar 2017	17	4	6	27
Apr 2017	17	9	16	42
May 2017	21	12	10	43
Jun 2017	11	4	0	15
Jul 2017	16	9	0	25
Aug 2017	10	13	1	24
Sep 2017	12	14	2	28
Oct 2017	4	3	1	8
Nov 2017	8	9	1	18
Dec 2017	16	11	3	30
Jan 2018	10	11	1	22
Feb 2018	5	5	0	10
Mar 2018	12	7	2	21
Apr 2018	6	4	0	10
May 2018	6	4	0	10
Jun 2018	12	7	0	19
Jul 2018	10	6	1	17
Aug 2018	15	7	4	26
Sep 2018	5	9	1	15
Oct 2018	10	12	2	24
Nov 2018	8	13	0	21
Dec 2018	7	8	0	15
Jan 2019	7	8	0	15
Feb 2019	9	11	1	21
Mar 2019	5	13	0	18
Apr 2019	6	7	1	14
May 2019	3	8	1	12
Jun 2019	7	11	0	18
Jul 2019	6	8	0	14
Aug 2019	2	8	0	10
Sep 2019	7	3	0	10
Oct 2019	6	6	0	12
Nov 2019	8	9	0	17
Dec 2019	3	6	0	9
Jan 2020	12	7	2	21
Feb 2020	6	3	0	9
Mar 2020	2	3	0	5
Apr 2020	3	4	0	7
May 2020	5	12	0	17
Jun 2020	14	6	0	20
Jul 2020	26	26	19	71
Aug 2020	6	12	9	27
Sep 2020	13	4	0	17
Oct 2020	5	11	0	16
Nov 2020	7	9	2	18
Dec 2020	6	8	0	14
Jan 2021	16	14	0	30
Feb 2021	9	10	0	19
Mar 2021	7	9	0	16
Apr 2021	8	6	1	15
May 2021	5	15	0	20
Jun 2021	8	11	0	19
Jul 2021	4	7	0	11
Aug 2021	8	11	1	20
Sep 2021	8	9	0	17
Oct 2021	7	38	1	46
Nov 2021	9	28	1	38
Dec 2021	8	10	1	19
Jan 2022	5	10	0	15
Feb 2022	11	5	1	17
Mar 2022	7	9	0	16
Apr 2022	10	5	2	17
May 2022	2	7	1	10
Jun 2022	6	7	1	14
Jul 2022	3	3	0	6
Aug 2022	12	7	0	19
Sep 2022	4	9	2	15
Oct 2022	9	13	1	23
Nov 2022	18	11	0	29
Dec 2022	7	6	0	13
Jan 2023	11	17	0	28
Feb 2023	15	9	1	25
Mar 2023	27	13	0	40
Apr 2023	5	15	1	21
May 2023	22	6	3	31
Jun 2023	33	7	1	41
Jul 2023	22	3	0	25
Aug 2023	13	10	2	25
Sep 2023	10	7	0	17
Oct 2023	39	10	0	49
Nov 2023	56	3	0	59
Dec 2023	13	3	1	17
Jan 2024	17	6	0	23
Feb 2024	7	9	2	18
Mar 2024	4	9	1	14
Apr 2024	20	4	4	28
May 2024	13	11	5	29
Jun 2024	11	4	2	17
Jul 2024	21	13	4	38
Aug 2024	14	2	4	20
Sep 2024	7	6	3	16
Oct 2024	15	8	1	24
Nov 2024	5	4	0	9
Dec 2024	11	6	1	18
Jan 2025	14	5	2	21
Feb 2025	21	13	3	37
Mar 2025	13	8	0	21
Apr 2025	25	22	5	52
May 2025	18	10	2	30
Jun 2025	33	20	2	55
Jul 2025	33	21	1	55
Aug 2025	22	9	1	32
Sep 2025	32	22	0	54
Oct 2025	29	29	2	60
Nov 2025	17	30	2	49

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 04 May 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2015	15	24	2	41
Jun 2015	9	5	0	14
Jul 2015	14	5	0	19
Aug 2015	9	4	0	13
Sep 2015	9	6	1	16
Oct 2015	4	3	0	7
Nov 2015	9	3	1	13
Dec 2015	1	2	1	4
Jan 2016	10	5	0	15
Feb 2016	82	27	1	110
Mar 2016	42	17	0	59
Apr 2016	12	5	1	18
May 2016	5	7	0	12
Jun 2016	9	2	1	12
Jul 2016	6	3	1	10
Aug 2016	11	5	1	17
Sep 2016	7	7	0	14
Oct 2016	5	1	0	6
Nov 2016	6	3	1	10
Dec 2016	5	3	0	8
Jan 2017	11	5	0	16
Feb 2017	3	3	0	6
Mar 2017	17	4	6	27
Apr 2017	17	9	16	42
May 2017	21	12	10	43
Jun 2017	11	4	0	15
Jul 2017	16	9	0	25
Aug 2017	10	13	1	24
Sep 2017	12	14	2	28
Oct 2017	4	3	1	8
Nov 2017	8	9	1	18
Dec 2017	16	11	3	30
Jan 2018	10	11	1	22
Feb 2018	5	5	0	10
Mar 2018	12	7	2	21
Apr 2018	6	4	0	10
May 2018	6	4	0	10
Jun 2018	12	7	0	19
Jul 2018	10	6	1	17
Aug 2018	15	7	4	26
Sep 2018	5	9	1	15
Oct 2018	10	12	2	24
Nov 2018	8	13	0	21
Dec 2018	7	8	0	15
Jan 2019	7	8	0	15
Feb 2019	9	11	1	21
Mar 2019	5	13	0	18
Apr 2019	6	7	1	14
May 2019	3	8	1	12
Jun 2019	7	11	0	18
Jul 2019	6	8	0	14
Aug 2019	2	8	0	10
Sep 2019	7	3	0	10
Oct 2019	6	6	0	12
Nov 2019	8	9	0	17
Dec 2019	3	6	0	9
Jan 2020	12	7	2	21
Feb 2020	6	3	0	9
Mar 2020	2	3	0	5
Apr 2020	3	4	0	7
May 2020	5	12	0	17
Jun 2020	14	6	0	20
Jul 2020	26	26	19	71
Aug 2020	6	12	9	27
Sep 2020	13	4	0	17
Oct 2020	5	11	0	16
Nov 2020	7	9	2	18
Dec 2020	6	8	0	14
Jan 2021	16	14	0	30
Feb 2021	9	10	0	19
Mar 2021	7	9	0	16
Apr 2021	8	6	1	15
May 2021	5	15	0	20
Jun 2021	8	11	0	19
Jul 2021	4	7	0	11
Aug 2021	8	11	1	20
Sep 2021	8	9	0	17
Oct 2021	7	38	1	46
Nov 2021	9	28	1	38
Dec 2021	8	10	1	19
Jan 2022	5	10	0	15
Feb 2022	11	5	1	17
Mar 2022	7	9	0	16
Apr 2022	10	5	2	17
May 2022	2	7	1	10
Jun 2022	6	7	1	14
Jul 2022	3	3	0	6
Aug 2022	12	7	0	19
Sep 2022	4	9	2	15
Oct 2022	9	13	1	23
Nov 2022	18	11	0	29
Dec 2022	7	6	0	13
Jan 2023	11	17	0	28
Feb 2023	15	9	1	25
Mar 2023	27	13	0	40
Apr 2023	5	15	1	21
May 2023	22	6	3	31
Jun 2023	33	7	1	41
Jul 2023	22	3	0	25
Aug 2023	13	10	2	25
Sep 2023	10	7	0	17
Oct 2023	39	10	0	49
Nov 2023	56	3	0	59
Dec 2023	13	3	1	17
Jan 2024	17	6	0	23
Feb 2024	7	9	2	18
Mar 2024	4	9	1	14
Apr 2024	20	4	4	28
May 2024	13	11	5	29
Jun 2024	11	4	2	17
Jul 2024	21	13	4	38
Aug 2024	14	2	4	20
Sep 2024	7	6	3	16
Oct 2024	15	8	1	24
Nov 2024	5	4	0	9
Dec 2024	11	6	1	18
Jan 2025	14	5	2	21
Feb 2025	21	13	3	37
Mar 2025	13	8	0	21
Apr 2025	25	22	5	52
May 2025	18	10	2	30
Jun 2025	33	20	2	55
Jul 2025	33	21	1	55
Aug 2025	22	9	1	32
Sep 2025	32	22	0	54
Oct 2025	29	29	2	60
Nov 2025	17	30	2	49

Latest update: 27 Nov 2025

Short summary

The extreme waves caused by tropical cyclones and cold fronts have different effects along the Colombian Caribbean coast. Storms and hurricanes are of greater importance in the northern region of the Colombian Caribbean coast. In the central and the southern region, the strong influence of cold fronts on extreme waves is evident. In the islands of San Andrés and Providencia, the extreme waves generated by cold fronts have lower return periods than the extreme waves associated with hurricanes.