the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
05 Mar 2021
05 Mar 2021
Tsunami heights and limits in 1945 along the Makran coast estimated from testimony gathered seven decades later in Gwadar, Pasni and Ormara
- 1Department of Physics, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- 2Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- 1Department of Physics, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- 2Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
Abstract. The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsuami. The water inundated almost a kilometer at Pasni, engulfing 80 % huts of the town while at Ormara tsunami inundated two and a half kilometers washing away 60 % of the huts. The plate boundary between Arabian plate and Eurasian plate is marked by Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and of an associated tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, extent of inundation and runup remained vague. We summarize observations of tsunami through newspaper items, eye witness accounts and archival documents. The information gathered is reviewed and quantized where possible to get the inundation parameters in specific and impact in general along the Makran coast. The quantization of runup and inundation extents is based on a field survey or on old maps.
Hira Ashfaq Lodhi et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
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RC1: 'Comment on nhess-2021-53', Emile Okal, 08 Apr 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2021-53/nhess-2021-53-RC1-supplement.pdf
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AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Hira Lodhi, 24 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2021-53/nhess-2021-53-AC4-supplement.pdf
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AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Hira Lodhi, 24 Jun 2021
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CC1: 'Comment on nhess-2021-53', Issa El-Hussain, 08 Apr 2021
The authors tried to estimate the inundation, wave height, and runup of the 1945 EQ in MSZ. The article is well written integrating testimonial (eyewitness=at night??) of survivors, government records, and newspaper accounts utilized to quantify the hazards in three towns in Pakistan. The article of benefit to planners and government agencies for risk estimation for the coasts of these towns. the references are adequate and follow the format of the journal. I recommend publishing the article when addressing the following minor corrections.Â
1. I would like to have seen a map showing the EQ location as well as the three town locations so that the reader see the relative distances between them.Â
2 . Figure 1, a, and b may need to redrawn while keeping the original copy so that the reader would be able to see what is written in them, also translate c.
3. Figure 3, authors may need to write the fuzzy words at the beginning of the paragraph to be able to understand the meaning (besides keeping the original).Â
4. The authors may need to say why the runup at Gwadar is very high relative to the wave height (ten times), is there energy focusing here? or eyewitness exaggeration? or....
- AC3: 'Reply on CC1', Hira Lodhi, 17 Apr 2021
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CC2: 'Comment on nhess-2021-53', Mohammad Mokhtari, 10 Apr 2021
The paper is well written and contains some important topics especially the on-date newspaper and also a referral to the major interview done in recent years from the people who survived the catastrophe. Clip of Newspapers may be translated into separate boxes to make it more feasible to the future reader. Some figures need to be improved and the location of places mentioned in the text should be shown.Â
Runup values I feel need to check more carefully and or explain how the people that remember the 1945 tsunami have reached these values?
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AC1: 'Reply on CC2', Hira Lodhi, 17 Apr 2021
Thank you very muchfor the constructive comments.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 will be revised and a paragraph on the high runup values at Gwadar will be added to the discussion section of revised manuscript.
- CC3: 'Reply on AC1', Mohammad Mokhtari, 17 Apr 2021
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AC2: 'Reply on CC2', Hira Lodhi, 17 Apr 2021
Thank you very much Mokhtari, for the comments. The changes in figures are also suggested by Issa El-Hussain and figures will be revised in the manuscript revision. Locations will also be provided in th revised version.
The eyewitnesses had remembered the landmarks till where the water had reached during the 1945 event while the runup was quantized through a ground survey and Google Earth. The ground survey was conducted to get the lat/long of the landmarks and Google Earth was used to get the runup elevations. We wil recheck the values before the submission of revised manuscript.Â
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AC1: 'Reply on CC2', Hira Lodhi, 17 Apr 2021
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RC2: 'Comment on nhess-2021-53', Issa El-Hussain, 25 Apr 2021
The authors tried to estimate the inundation, wave height, and runup of the 1945 EQ in MSZ. The article is well written integrating testimonial (eyewitness=at night?) of survivors, government records, and newspaper accounts utilized to quantify the hazards in three towns in Pakistan. The article of benefit to planners and government agencies for risk estimation for the coasts of these towns. The references are adequate and follow the format of the journal. I recommend publishing the article when addressing the following minor corrections.
- I would like to have seen a map showing the EQ location as well as the three town locations so that the reader see the relative distances between them.
2 . Figure 1, a, and b may need to redraw while keeping the original copy so that the reader would be able to see what is written in them, also translate c.
- Figure 3, authors may need to write the fuzzy words at the beginning of the paragraph to be able to understand the meaning (besides keeping the original).
- The authors may need to say why the runup at Gwadar is very high relative to the wave height (ten times), is there energy focusing here? or eyewitness exaggeration? Or mixing with other flood events?
Â
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AC5: 'Reply on RC2', Hira Lodhi, 24 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2021-53/nhess-2021-53-AC5-supplement.pdf
Hira Ashfaq Lodhi et al.
Hira Ashfaq Lodhi et al.
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