A web-GIS database of the scientific articles on earthquake-triggered landslides

Schilirò, Luca; Rossi, Mauro; Polpetta, Federica; Fiorucci, Federica; Fortunato, Carolina; Reichenbach, Paola

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265

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https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265

Preprints

01 Nov 2022

| 01 Nov 2022

Status: a revised version of this preprint was accepted for the journal NHESS and is expected to appear here in due course.

A web-GIS database of the scientific articles on earthquake-triggered landslides

Luca Schilirò, Mauro Rossi, Federica Polpetta, Federica Fiorucci, Carolina Fortunato, and Paola Reichenbach

Abstract. Over the last two decades, the topic of earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) has shown an increasing relevance in the scientific community. This interest is confirmed by the numerous articles published in the international, peer-reviewed journals. In this work we present a database containing a selection of articles published on this topic from 1984 to 2021. The articles were selected through a systematic search on the Clarivate analytics’ Web of Science-Core Collection™ online platform and were catalogued into a web-GIS, which was specifically designed to show different types of information. After a general analysis of the database, for each article were identified the bibliometric information (e.g., author(s), title, publication year), the relevant topic/sub-topic category(s) and the addressed earthquake(s). The analysis allowed to infer general information and statistics on EQTLs (e.g., relevant methodological approaches over time and in relation to the scale of investigation, most-studied events), which can be useful to get a spatial distribution of the articles and a general overview of the topic.

Received: 28 Oct 2022 – Discussion started: 01 Nov 2022

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Luca Schilirò et al.

Status: closed

CC1:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Domenico Di Giacomo, 16 Nov 2022

The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2022-265/nhess-2022-265-CC1-supplement.pdf

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-CC1
- AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. In the revised version of the manuscript, we mentioned the ISC Event Bibliography in Section 2as follows:
  “In this respect, other sources of information are freely available online, such as the ISC Event Bibliography (http://www.isc.ac.uk/event_bibliography/index.php), which is a database containing publications about seismology, but also other types of topics related to specific earthquakes, including landslides (Di Giacomo et al., 2014)”.
  Furthermore, as specified in the “Conclusions”, the ISC Event Bibliography can certainly represent a useful tool for integrating future versions of our database, As you pointed out, the ISC database could help us in adding articles which are not currently included in our database, likely due to shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. However, it is also important to notice that the current version of our database includes only articles published on peer-reviewed journals, leaving out other types of documents (e.g., conference proceedings, technical reports). Thus, we believe that the presence of scientific reports within the ISC Event Bibliography could help us even more in expanding the information related to EQTLs for specific, significant earthquake events.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC1
RC1:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Nov 2022

Dear Authors,

I read with great interest your paper and I'm impressed by the amount of data you collected.

The paper is well-written, easy to follow and text is coherent with sections and sub-sections title.

I just have one concern regarding references to the ESI-scale. Landslides are among the secondary effects used to estimate earthquake intensity by means of the ESI scale (Michetti et al., 2007), but I didn't find any reference to the ESI scale in the main text. Furthermore, by exploring the web-gis you developed I just found 11 papers related to the ESI scale, which is a very little number if compared to the 804 papers you collected. Making a search in Google Scholar, using the terms "landslide esi scale", I found papers that are not included in your datasets, or at least I didn't find them by means of the "author" toolbar of the web-gis. Some of these papers are:

- Ferrario et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w)

. Ferrario et al., 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022)

- Huayong et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105149)

- Esposito et al., 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_38)

I understand that adding references to the ESI scale may be time consuming, so my suggestion could be integrated in a version 2.0 of your database.

Anyway, I wish to thank the authors for the impressive work they carried out that could be very useful for the scientific community.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-RC1
- AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. According to the suggestion made by the reviewer, in the new version of the manuscript (section 3.1.1), a reference to the ESI scale was added in relation to the Earthquake Environmental Effects Catalogue (EEE) as follows:
  “In this respect, it is important to point out the presence of different online catalogues which report information on EQTLs for recent and historical earthquakes. At global scale, it is worth mentioning the “Open Repository of Earthquake-triggered Ground Failure Inventories” (Tanyas et al., 2017), which reports EQTLs and liquefaction effects data for 363 earthquakes, or the “Earthquake Environmental Effects Catalogue” (Guerrieri et al., 2015), which collects information about environmental effects triggered by specific seismic events, whose intensity is expressed according to the ESI (Environmental Seismic Intensity) scale (Michetti et al., 2007)”.
  As regards the possible absence of several papers related to the ESI scale in our database, we believe that it may be explained with shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. However, as specified in the “Conclusions” section, this is just a first version of the database, that we are looking to improve through the integration with other sources of information (e.g., ISC Event Bibliography) and with the contribution of other researchers in reporting previous and new articles on EQTLs theme. As regards the four articles mentioned by the reviewer, we would like to specify that:
  
  1) Ferrario et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w) was already included in the database (ID 111);
  
  2) Ferrario et al., 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022) was not included since it was published in 2022, while our database contains articles published from April 1984 to February 2021, as specified in section 2;
  
  3) Huayong et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105149) was added in the revised version of the database (ID 805)
  
  4) Esposito et al., 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_38) was not included since our database currently includes only articles published on peer-reviewed journals, leaving out other types of documents, such as book chapters, as in this case.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC2
RC2:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Ioannis Koukouvelas, 29 Nov 2022

Dear Authors,

The present paper includes 804 published works organized into well-selected sections and sub-sections. I read it with interest and consider this database will be a useful tool for researchers on the issue of earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTL).

Overall, I have the following suggestion regarding the Greek earthquakes. A more detailed incorporation of Greek earthquake literature will be particularly interesting for the following reason. Greek earthquakes are commonly related to landslides and rock falls. Also, earthquake activity in Greece is of short recurrence interval, and the data inserted in this database will help researchers in the future. Of course, the data basis of Greek EQTL compared to the 804 papers you collected is small, but consider that the issue of EQTL in Greece is underestimated. Looking in my files, I found some published works that are not included in your datasets, or I didn't find them using the "author" toolbar. These papers are:

- Papadopoulos G.A., Plessa A., 2000. Magnitude–distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece. , 58, 377-386.

-Koukouvelas I.K., Mpresiakas A., Sokos E., Doutsos T. 1996. The tectonic setting and earthquake hazards of the 1993 Pyrgos earthquake, Peloponnese, Greece. , 153, 39-49.

- Koukouvelas, I.K., Litoseliti, A., Nikolakopoulos K., Zygouri, V.2015. Earthquake triggered rock falls and their role in the development of a rock slope: The case of Skolis Mountain, Greece. 191, 71–85.

- Zygouri, V., Koukouvelas, I.K., 2018. Landslides and natural dams in the Krathis River, north Peloponnese, Greece. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1225-y

- Litoseliti, A., Koukouvelas, I.K., Nikolakopoulos, K.G., Zygouri, V., 2020. An event-based inventory approach in landslide hazard assessment: the case of the Skolis Mountain, Northwest Peloponnese, Greece. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(7), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070457

- Koukouvelas, I.K., Nikolakopoulos, K., Zygouri, V., Kyriou, A., 2020. Post-seismic monitoring of cliff mass wasting using an unmanned aerial vehicle and ï¬eld data at Egremni, Lefkada Island, Greece. Geomorphology, 367, 107306 doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107306

Considering your paper as it stands, it is complete, and I hope that it will followed by the next version adding more references. Finally, the work done is quite important and helps understand the role of EQTL in the hazard assessment of modern society.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-RC2
- AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. As mentioned in answer to Reviewer 1, we are looking to integrate the following versions of the database with other sources of information (e.g., ISC Event Bibliography) and with the contribution of other researchers in reporting previous and new articles on EQTLs theme. In this respect, we are aware that a certain number of articles on EQTLs were not included in the database, likely due to shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. Thus, we would like to thank the reviewer for letting us know the existence of further, published works concerning EQTLs in Greece, which have been added to the revised version of the database (ID806, 807, 808, 809 and 810). However, we would like to specify that only the article:
  
  - Papadopoulos G.A., Plessa A., 2000. Magnitude–distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece. Engineering Geology, 58, 377-386
  
  was not added to the database, since it was already included in the preceding version (ID 240).
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC3

Status: closed

CC1:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Domenico Di Giacomo, 16 Nov 2022

The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2022-265/nhess-2022-265-CC1-supplement.pdf

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-CC1
- AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. In the revised version of the manuscript, we mentioned the ISC Event Bibliography in Section 2as follows:
  “In this respect, other sources of information are freely available online, such as the ISC Event Bibliography (http://www.isc.ac.uk/event_bibliography/index.php), which is a database containing publications about seismology, but also other types of topics related to specific earthquakes, including landslides (Di Giacomo et al., 2014)”.
  Furthermore, as specified in the “Conclusions”, the ISC Event Bibliography can certainly represent a useful tool for integrating future versions of our database, As you pointed out, the ISC database could help us in adding articles which are not currently included in our database, likely due to shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. However, it is also important to notice that the current version of our database includes only articles published on peer-reviewed journals, leaving out other types of documents (e.g., conference proceedings, technical reports). Thus, we believe that the presence of scientific reports within the ISC Event Bibliography could help us even more in expanding the information related to EQTLs for specific, significant earthquake events.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC1
RC1:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Nov 2022

Dear Authors,

I read with great interest your paper and I'm impressed by the amount of data you collected.

The paper is well-written, easy to follow and text is coherent with sections and sub-sections title.

I just have one concern regarding references to the ESI-scale. Landslides are among the secondary effects used to estimate earthquake intensity by means of the ESI scale (Michetti et al., 2007), but I didn't find any reference to the ESI scale in the main text. Furthermore, by exploring the web-gis you developed I just found 11 papers related to the ESI scale, which is a very little number if compared to the 804 papers you collected. Making a search in Google Scholar, using the terms "landslide esi scale", I found papers that are not included in your datasets, or at least I didn't find them by means of the "author" toolbar of the web-gis. Some of these papers are:

- Ferrario et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w)

. Ferrario et al., 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022)

- Huayong et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105149)

- Esposito et al., 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_38)

I understand that adding references to the ESI scale may be time consuming, so my suggestion could be integrated in a version 2.0 of your database.

Anyway, I wish to thank the authors for the impressive work they carried out that could be very useful for the scientific community.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-RC1
- AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. According to the suggestion made by the reviewer, in the new version of the manuscript (section 3.1.1), a reference to the ESI scale was added in relation to the Earthquake Environmental Effects Catalogue (EEE) as follows:
  “In this respect, it is important to point out the presence of different online catalogues which report information on EQTLs for recent and historical earthquakes. At global scale, it is worth mentioning the “Open Repository of Earthquake-triggered Ground Failure Inventories” (Tanyas et al., 2017), which reports EQTLs and liquefaction effects data for 363 earthquakes, or the “Earthquake Environmental Effects Catalogue” (Guerrieri et al., 2015), which collects information about environmental effects triggered by specific seismic events, whose intensity is expressed according to the ESI (Environmental Seismic Intensity) scale (Michetti et al., 2007)”.
  As regards the possible absence of several papers related to the ESI scale in our database, we believe that it may be explained with shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. However, as specified in the “Conclusions” section, this is just a first version of the database, that we are looking to improve through the integration with other sources of information (e.g., ISC Event Bibliography) and with the contribution of other researchers in reporting previous and new articles on EQTLs theme. As regards the four articles mentioned by the reviewer, we would like to specify that:
  
  1) Ferrario et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w) was already included in the database (ID 111);
  
  2) Ferrario et al., 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022) was not included since it was published in 2022, while our database contains articles published from April 1984 to February 2021, as specified in section 2;
  
  3) Huayong et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105149) was added in the revised version of the database (ID 805)
  
  4) Esposito et al., 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_38) was not included since our database currently includes only articles published on peer-reviewed journals, leaving out other types of documents, such as book chapters, as in this case.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC2
RC2:
'Comment on nhess-2022-265', Ioannis Koukouvelas, 29 Nov 2022

Dear Authors,

The present paper includes 804 published works organized into well-selected sections and sub-sections. I read it with interest and consider this database will be a useful tool for researchers on the issue of earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTL).

Overall, I have the following suggestion regarding the Greek earthquakes. A more detailed incorporation of Greek earthquake literature will be particularly interesting for the following reason. Greek earthquakes are commonly related to landslides and rock falls. Also, earthquake activity in Greece is of short recurrence interval, and the data inserted in this database will help researchers in the future. Of course, the data basis of Greek EQTL compared to the 804 papers you collected is small, but consider that the issue of EQTL in Greece is underestimated. Looking in my files, I found some published works that are not included in your datasets, or I didn't find them using the "author" toolbar. These papers are:

- Papadopoulos G.A., Plessa A., 2000. Magnitude–distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece. , 58, 377-386.

-Koukouvelas I.K., Mpresiakas A., Sokos E., Doutsos T. 1996. The tectonic setting and earthquake hazards of the 1993 Pyrgos earthquake, Peloponnese, Greece. , 153, 39-49.

- Koukouvelas, I.K., Litoseliti, A., Nikolakopoulos K., Zygouri, V.2015. Earthquake triggered rock falls and their role in the development of a rock slope: The case of Skolis Mountain, Greece. 191, 71–85.

- Zygouri, V., Koukouvelas, I.K., 2018. Landslides and natural dams in the Krathis River, north Peloponnese, Greece. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1225-y

- Litoseliti, A., Koukouvelas, I.K., Nikolakopoulos, K.G., Zygouri, V., 2020. An event-based inventory approach in landslide hazard assessment: the case of the Skolis Mountain, Northwest Peloponnese, Greece. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(7), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070457

- Koukouvelas, I.K., Nikolakopoulos, K., Zygouri, V., Kyriou, A., 2020. Post-seismic monitoring of cliff mass wasting using an unmanned aerial vehicle and ï¬eld data at Egremni, Lefkada Island, Greece. Geomorphology, 367, 107306 doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107306

Considering your paper as it stands, it is complete, and I hope that it will followed by the next version adding more references. Finally, the work done is quite important and helps understand the role of EQTL in the hazard assessment of modern society.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-RC2
- AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Luca Schilirò, 25 Jan 2023
  
  Thank you very much for your comment. As mentioned in answer to Reviewer 1, we are looking to integrate the following versions of the database with other sources of information (e.g., ISC Event Bibliography) and with the contribution of other researchers in reporting previous and new articles on EQTLs theme. In this respect, we are aware that a certain number of articles on EQTLs were not included in the database, likely due to shortcomings in the use of keywords during the literature search on Web of Science database. Thus, we would like to thank the reviewer for letting us know the existence of further, published works concerning EQTLs in Greece, which have been added to the revised version of the database (ID806, 807, 808, 809 and 810). However, we would like to specify that only the article:
  
  - Papadopoulos G.A., Plessa A., 2000. Magnitude–distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece. Engineering Geology, 58, 377-386
  
  was not added to the database, since it was already included in the preceding version (ID 240).
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-265-AC3

Luca Schilirò et al.

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Short summary

We present a database of the main scientific articles published in the last four decades on earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) theme. To enhance data view, the articles were catalogued into a web-GIS, which was specifically designed to show different types of information, such as bibliometric information, relevant topic/sub-topic category(s) and addressed earthquake(s). Such information can be useful to get a general overview of the topic, especially for a broad readership.


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