the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Assessing Typhoon Soulik-induced morphodynamics over the Mokpo coast region in South Korea based on a geo-spatial approach
Sang-Guk Yum
Moon-Soo Song
Manik Das Adhikari
Abstract. The inner shelf and coastal region of the Yellow Sea along the Korean peninsula are frequently impacted by Typhoons. The Mokpo coastal region in South Korea has been significantly affected by typhoon Soulik in 2018, the deadliest typhoon strike to the southwestern coast, since Maemi in 2003. Typhoon Soulik overran the region, causing extensive damage to the coast, shoreline, vegetation, and coastal geomorphology. Therefore, it is important to investigate its impact on the coastal ecology, landform, erosion/accretion, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and associated coastal changes along the Mokpo region.
In this study, net shoreline movement (NSM), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)), coastal landform change model, Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI), and SSC-reflectance relation have been used to analyze the coastal morphodynamics over the typhoon periods. We used pre- and post-typhoon Sentinel-2B MSI images for mapping and monitoring the typhoon effect. The findings highlighted the significant impacts of typhoons on coastal dynamics, wetland vegetation and sediment resuspension along the Mokpo coast. It has been observed that typhoon-induced SSC influences shoreline and coastal morphology. The outcome of this research may provide databases to manage coastal environments and a long-term plan to restore valuable coastal habitats. In addition, the findings may be useful for post-typhoon emergency response, coastal planners, and administrators involved in the long-term development of human life.
Sang-Guk Yum et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
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RC1: 'Comment on nhess-2022-253', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 Nov 2022
I read the manuscript with great interest. Authors have investigated the impact of typhoon Soulik on the coastal ecology, landform, erosion/accretion, suspended sediment movement and associated coastal changes along the Mokpo coast. This research developed an integrated approach for identifying coastal dynamics impacted by typhoons and determining damage severity. Approach and analyses support to derive their conclusions.
The content is interested for NHESS readers. Overall, the paper is well structured, with results being presented in a clear and organized manner. I have only a few comments and suggestions for improvements.
General comments
- Sections 3.3 and 3.4 should be discussed under section 3.2, i.e., Typhoon-induced coastal dynamic modeling. Accordingly, subsections should be renumbered and rearranged.
- Figure 3 and Table 2 contained similar information. It is therefore recommended that Authors keep only one piece of information.
- NDVI and FVC (Fractional vegetation coverage) are frequently used vegetation metrics for assessing land-surface vegetation conditions. Therefore, the use of NDVI is reasonable for vegetation damage severity mapping. I would expect that Authors should analyze the FVC and compare it to NDVI-derived damaged severity. You are referred to go through the following paper: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3351-7.
- It would be better to explain the influence of topography on vegetation damage caused by Typhoon Soulik.
- A statistical summary of the shoreline change based on the NSM model should be presented in a tabular format.
Specific comments
Line 66: The year of the reference in line 66 (Charrua et al., 2020) should be checked.
Line 112: The year of the reference in line 112 (Kwon et al., 2019) should be checked.
Line 139: The year of the reference in line 139 (Ryang et al., 2018) should be checked.
Line 306: The year of the reference in line 306 (Eom et al., 2016) should be checked.
Lines 335 and 342. Check the abbreviation of remote sensing reflectance.
Line 461: The unit of measurement in Tables 6 and 7 should be standardized. Choose between sq km or km².
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-253-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on nhess-2022-253', Anonymous Referee #2, 16 Mar 2023
I found the article interesting, I think it makes important contribution in terms of disaster management caused by coastal erosion. Â In this study, the results were mapped using various models and index to analyze shoreline and coastal morphodynamics according to typhoons.
It has been observed that typhoon-induced suspended sediment concentration influences shoreline and coastal morphology.This paper contributes to understanding natural disasters and their consequences in terms of scientific significance.
I have a few comments(general and specific comments) and suggestions for improvements.Â
General comments
Figure 1(a) Is there a reason for showing the population above the basemap? If so, please comment on the difference between the color of the basemap in Figure 1(a) and the color of the basemap in Figure 1(b).
It would be better to add images to better understand the data in 3.1 Data Sources.
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Specific comments
Short-term erosion caused by typhoons should be considered for recovery. It is necessary to confirm that the models(net shoreline movement (NSM) and coastal landform change) can predict the recovery of the shoreline and topography after a typhoon. and confidence in the model utilized (comparison with monitoring results, etc.) should also be mentioned.
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Technical corrections
The unit of area in Table 7 should be checed.Â
The table format is not correct. Check it out in its entirety. Text alignment in table should be checked.
The position of the legend is not correct for each Figure(Figure 4, 8, 9).
The detailed title in Figure 11 should be modified for improvement.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-253-RC2
Sang-Guk Yum et al.
Sang-Guk Yum et al.
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