<p>The study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in Srinagar, an urban city in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. The city, covering an area of around 246 km<sup>2</sup> and divided into 69 municipal wards, is situated in the tectonically active and densely populated mountain ecosystem. Given the haphazard development and high earthquake vulnerability of the city, it is critical to assess the vulnerability of the built environment to inform policymaking for developing effective earthquake risk reduction strategies. Integrating various parameters in GIS using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approaches, the ward-wise vulnerability of buildings revealed that a total of ~17 km<sup>2</sup> area (~7 % area; 23 wards) has very high to high Vulnerability; Moderate Vulnerability affects ~69 km<sup>2</sup> of the city area (28 %; 19 wards); ~160 km<sup>2</sup> area (~65 % area; 27 wards) has vulnerability ranging from very low to low. Overall, the downtown city is most vulnerable to earthquake damage due to the high risk of pounding, high building density, and narrower roads, with little or no open spaces. The modern uptown city, on the other hand, has lower earthquake vulnerability due to the relatively wider roads and low building density. To build a safe and resilient city for its 1.5 million citizens, the knowledge generated in this study would inform action plans for developing earthquake risk reduction measures, which should include strict implementation of the building codes, retrofitting of the vulnerable buildings and creating a disaster consciousness among its citizenry.</p>