15 Feb 2021
15 Feb 2021
Tsunami propagation kernel and its applications
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract. Tsunamis rarely occur in a specific area, and their occurrence is highly uncertain. Generated from their sources in deep water, they occasionally undergo tremendous amplification over decreasing water depth to devastate low-lying coastal areas. Despite the advancement of computational power and simulation algorithms, there is a need for novel and rigorous approaches to efficiently predict coastal amplification of tsunamis during different disaster management phases, such as tsunami risk assessment and real-time forecast. This study presents convolution kernels that can instantly predict onshore waveforms of water surface elevation and flow velocity from observed/simulated wavedata apart from the shore. Kernel convolution involves isolating an incident-wave component from the offshore wavedata and transforming it into the onshore waveform. Moreover, unlike previous derived ones, the present kernels are based on shallow-water equations with a damping term and can account for tsunami attenuation on its path to the shore with a damping parameter. Kernel convolution can be implemented at a low computational cost compared to conventional numerical models that discretise the spatial domain. The prediction capability of the kernel method was demonstrated through application to real-world tsunami cases.
Takenori Shimozono
Status: open (until 29 Mar 2021)
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RC1: 'Comment on nhess-2021-30', Efim Pelinovsky, 16 Feb 2021
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The paper under review is devoted to an interesting problem of the connection between the moving shoreline fluctuations and the recording of sea level fluctuations at a fixed point (tide-gauge). Usually such a connection with the incident wave characteristics is considered, but in this case, the tide-gauge record is the superposition of the incident and reflected waves. The obtained solution is important for recalculating the available tide gauge records into moving shoreline fluctuations but with strict constraints on the coastal zone geometry (the rectangular channel, the linearly inclined beach). The solution is obtained strictly within the linear theory framework taking the linear friction into account. Then it is applied to the analysis of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. I have no objections to the reviewed paper, only a few minor comments.
- The authors correctly note that “it is well known that the wave amplitude is not significantly affected by non-linearity unless the non-linear wave distortion leads to wave breaking”. I would like to add that in the linearly inclined bottom case, it is easy to recalculate the results within the framework of the linear theory for nonlinear moving shoreline oscillations (if there is no wave breaking). I would also like to note that the maximum runup characteristics important for practice turn out to be identical in the linear and nonlinear theory. This fact is noted in several works cited by the author, in particular in the paper (Pelinovsky & Mazova, 1992). I think, it should be mentioned in the reviewed paper as it will reinforce the importance of the linear results.
- The author justifies the linear damping introduction only by the need for an analytical solution. Meanwhile, in tsunami practice, this term is relatively widely used, see, for example, the latest work (Davies G, Romano F and Lorito S Global Dissipation Models for Simulating Tsunamis at Far-Field Coasts up to 60 hours Post-Earthquake: Multi-Site Tests in Australia. Front. Earth Sci. 2020, vol. 8: 598235. Doi: 10.3389 / feart.2020.598235) and references therein. The references to such works are sure to improve the transition from the theoretical work and tsunami practice.
- A long time ago the paper by Mazova, R.Kh., Osipenko, NN, and Pelinovskiy, Ye.N. “A dissipative model of the runup of long waves on shore” (Oceanology, 1990, vol. 30, N. 1, 29 – 30) was published. In the above-mentioned work, the same linear shallow water equations were solved, only a monochromatic incident wave was considered as an input. It is worth referring to in reviewed manuscript.
- I would like to note the confusion in the list of references. No pages are indicated in the papers of Chan & Liu and Didenkulova et al. The paper by Choi et al seems to be mixed with some other paper (therefore, the authors and pages should be checked).
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RC2: 'Comment on nhess-2021-30', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Mar 2021
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The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2021-30/nhess-2021-30-RC2-supplement.pdf
Takenori Shimozono
Takenori Shimozono
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