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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NHESSD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NHESSD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2195-9269</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/nhess-2019-279</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Landfalls of Tropical Cyclones with Rapid Intensification in the Western North Pacific</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Jie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-1321</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Meixiang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education, HohaiUniversity, Nanjing, 210024, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2019</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2019 Jie Yang</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2019-279/">This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2019-279/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2019-279/nhess-2019-279.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2019-279/nhess-2019-279.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;This study statistically investigates the seasonal and decadal variation of tropical cyclones (TCs) underwent rapid intensification (RI) and their landfalling cyclone energy in the western North Pacific using the satellite-era best track data from 1986 to 2017. Totally 31.2&amp;thinsp;% TCs have underwent at least one RI processes (RI TCs) and 341 made landfalls after RI from 946 historical TCs, using the definition of 95&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; percentile from the accumulative probability distribution of over-water 24-h TC intensity change. The frequent-occurrence region of RI is found in sea areas to the east of Philippines, and the mean genesis and on-set locations of landfalling TCs underwent RI had westward components compared with the ones did not made landfalls. The Philippine coast, the southern Chinese coast and the coast along the southern Japan are the three main regions affected by the landfalling RI TCs. The coasts in the latter two regions have increased trend of cyclone energy since 1986, which possibly correlates with the poleward migration of the mean latitude where TCs reach their lifetime maximum intensities (LMI). The frequency of the landfalling RI TCs have a significant upward trend with insignificant increase in their LMI, while both the LMI and landfalling cyclone energy by TCs that didn&apos;t undergo RI in the western North Pacific show downward trends in the period during 1986&amp;ndash;2017. The changes of the LMI distribution in the western North Pacific are related tightly with these two types of TCs with different intensification rates: strong TCs are found become stronger mainly due to more active RI processes, while weak TCs have weakened in majority of moderate intensity TCs, which didn&apos;t experience RI processes.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="22"/></counts>
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<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source></funding-source>
<award-id>2018YFC0407506</award-id>
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<funding-source></funding-source>
<award-id>null</award-id>
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