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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NHESS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NHESS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1684-9981</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/nhess-9-1119-2009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Towards rockfall forecasting through observing deformations and listening to microseismic emissions</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Arosio</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Longoni</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Papini</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Scaioni</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zanzi</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Alba</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica, Ambientale, Infrastrutture Viarie, Rilevamento, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologie dell&apos;Ambiente Costruito, Politecnico di Milano, Via Bonardi 3, 20133 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>1119</fpage>
<lpage>1131</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2009 D. Arosio et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/9/1119/2009/nhess-9-1119-2009.html">This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/9/1119/2009/nhess-9-1119-2009.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/9/1119/2009/nhess-9-1119-2009.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/9/1119/2009/nhess-9-1119-2009.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Reliable forecasting of rockfall is a challenging task, mainly because of
the lack of clearly noticeable forerunners as well as due to the geological
and geo-mechanical complexity of the rock movements involved. Conventional
investigation devices still present some drawbacks, since most measurements
are generally carried out at isolated locations as well as on the surface
only. Novel remote-sensing monitoring instruments, such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)
and Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (GB-InSAR), are capable of inspecting
an unstable slope with a high spatial and temporal frequency. But they still
rely on measurements of the failure surface, from which displacement or
velocity are measured. On the contrary, acoustic emission/microseismic
monitoring may provide a deeper insight of stress and strain conditions
within the sub-surface rock mass. In fact, the capability to detect
microseismic events originating within an unstable rock mass is a key
element in locating growing cracks and, as a consequence, in understanding
the slide kinematics and triggering mechanisms of future collapses. Thus, a
monitoring approach based on the combination of classical methodologies,
remote sensing techniques and microseismic investigations would be a promising
research field. In the present paper we discuss the technologies and we
illustrate some experiments conducted in the framework of a project whose
final goal is the installation of an integrated monitoring and alerting
system on a rockface nearby Lecco (Italy). In particular, we present a
review of performances and applications of remote sensing devices and some
results concerning a terrestrial laser scanner preliminary campaign. Then,
we report findings regarding amplitude, frequency content and rate of
signals recorded during an in situ test carried out to evaluate the
performance of three different microseismic transducers.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="13"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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