<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NHESS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NHESS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1684-9981</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/nhess-8-473-2008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Improvements of safety conditions of unstable rock slopes through the use of explosives</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Casale</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oggeri</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Peila</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Pangea, Torino, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>DITAG, Politecnico di Torino, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Italian National Research Council, ICAG &amp;ndash; Section of Torino, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>481</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2008 M. Casale et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/8/473/2008/nhess-8-473-2008.html">This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/8/473/2008/nhess-8-473-2008.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/8/473/2008/nhess-8-473-2008.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/8/473/2008/nhess-8-473-2008.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The paper discusses operations aimed at creating a safer natural or man made
rock slope by artificially inducing the displacement of unstable elements by
blasting. A detailed analysis of the problems with the use of explosives
present when conducting these activities is carried out focusing on the
advantages and disadvantages of this technology. The results of two examples
of demolition of instable rock elements are presented and discussed thus
providing suggestions for future blasting designs.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Berta, G.: Esplosioni controllate per la bonifica di massi pericolanti, Quarry &amp; Construction, 5,PEI, Parma, 2000, (in Italian). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Cardu, M., Oggeri, C., Peila, D., and Casale, M.: Bonifiche con esplosivo, Proceedings of the Conference: &quot;Bonifica di versanti rocciosi per la protezione del territorio&quot;, Trento, GEAM, Torino, 251&amp;ndash;278, 2004, (in Italian). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Crosta, G. B. and Agliardi, F.: A methodology for physically based rockfall hazard assessment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 407&amp;ndash;422, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> DeWall, R.: Paul Muehl Leaves Blaster&apos;s Legacy at Crazy Horse Memorial, J. Expl. Eng., 13, 6&amp;ndash;14, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dorval, P.: Abattage d&apos;un diedre rocheux instable, Route 155 &amp;ndash; Grandes Piles (Québec), Proceeding of the Conference: Abattage des Roches à l&apos;Explosif, Alès (France), 538&amp;ndash;557, 1993 (in French). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Duncan, C. W. and Norman, I. N.: Stabilization of rock slopes. Landslides investigations and mitigation, Special Report 247, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, 474&amp;ndash;506, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Evans, S. G. and Hungr, O.: The assessment of rockfall hazard at the base of talus slopes, Can. Geotech. J., 30, 620&amp;ndash;636, 1993. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Giani, G. P.: Rock Slope Stability Analysis, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Goumans, C. and Wallace, D.: I-40 Rockslide Causes Mountains of Problems, J. Expl. Eng., 16, 8&amp;ndash;17, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Guzzetti, F., Reichenbach, P., and Wieczorek, G. F.: Rockfall hazard and risk assessment in the Yosemite Valley, California, USA, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 491&amp;ndash;503, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Langefors, U. and Kihlstrom, B.: The modern technique of rock blasting, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1967. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Locatelli, L.: Analisi del rischio di caduta massi lungo un tratto della Gardesana Occidentale; Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, GEAM, XLII (1), 33&amp;ndash;44, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mackenzie, D.: State Highway 6 on the Nevis Bluff, Queenstown, New Zealand, J. Expl. Eng., 21, 40&amp;ndash;41, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mancini, R. and Cardu, M.: Powder factor and geometry in blast design. Int. Seminar on Rock Excavation Engineering-Present and future trends, Goa, India, A-XII-1&amp;ndash;A-XII-11, 1995. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mancini, R. and Cardu, M.: Scavi in roccia &amp;ndash; Gli esplosivi, Hevelius Ed., Benevento, 2001, (in Italian). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McCauley, M., Works, B., and Naramore, S.: Rockfall mitigation, Report FHWA/CA/TL-85/12, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1&amp;ndash;147, 1985. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Melnikov, N. and Chesnokov, M.: Safety in Opencast Mining, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1969. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Oggeri, C. and Peila, D.: Protections of transportation systems against rockfalls, 8$^\rm th$ International Symposium on Landslide: &quot;Landslide in the research, theory and practice&quot;, Cardiff, Thomas Telford, London, 1141&amp;ndash;1146, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Peckover, F. L. and Kerr, W. G.: Treatment and maintenance of rock slopes on transportation routes, Can. Geotech. J., 14, 487&amp;ndash;507, 1977. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Peila, D., Pelizza, S., and Sassudelli, F.: Evaluation of behaviour of rockfall restraining nets by full scale tests, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Springer-Verlag, 31, 1&amp;ndash;24, 1998. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Peila, D., Oggeri, C., and Baratono, P.: Barriere paramassi a rete, GEAM, Torino, 2006 (in Italian). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Peila, D., Oggeri, C., and Castiglia, C.: Ground reinforced embankments for rockfall protection: design and evaluation of full scale tests, Landslides, Springer-Verlag, 4, 255&amp;ndash;265, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pelizza, S., Peila, D., and Oggeri, C.: Tipologie di intervento per la bonifica di versanti rocciosi, Conference: &quot;Bonifica di versanti rocciosi per la protezione del territorio&quot;, Trento, GEAM, Torino, 9&amp;ndash;44, 2004, (in Italian). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Philippon, N.: Trim Blasting and Slope Stabilization at the Sea to Sky Highway in British Columbia, J. Expl. Eng., 18, 5, 9&amp;ndash;33, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rotzetter, G.: Beseitigung der Bergsturzgefahr am Kirchberg in Meiringen (Schweiz) durch Sprengarbeit, Nobel Hefte, 43, 101&amp;ndash;106, 1977 (in German). </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wieczorek, G. F., Stock, G. M., Reichenbach P., Snyder, J. B., Borchers, J. W., and Godt, J. W.: Investigations and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 421&amp;ndash;432, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Woolf, R. and Goumans, C.: Rock Slope Remediation on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, J. Expl. Eng., 19, 8&amp;ndash;17, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>