NHESS Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences NHESS Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 1684-9981 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/nhess-4-757-2004 Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling as governing mechanism for preseismic short-term events in atmosphere and ionosphere Molchanov O. 1 Fedorov E. 1 Schekotov A. 1 Gordeev E. 2 Chebrov V. 3 Surkov V. 1 Rozhnoi A. 1 Andreevsky S. 1 Iudin D. 4 Yunga S. 3 Lutikov A. 3 Hayakawa M. 5 Biagi P. F. 6 Inst. of the Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, 123995, Moscow D-242, Russia Inst. of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 1-5-1, Tokyo 182, Japan University of Bari, Italy 22 11 2004 4 5/6 757 767 Copyright: © 2004 O. Molchanov et al. 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/4/757/2004/nhess-4-757-2004.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/4/757/2004/nhess-4-757-2004.pdf

We present a general concept of mechanisms of preseismic phenomena in the atmosphere and ionosphere. After short review of observational results we conclude: 1. Upward migration of fluid substrate matter (bubble) can lead to ousting of the hot water/gas near the ground surface and cause an earthquake (EQ) itself in the strength-weakened area; 2. Thus, time and place of the bubble appearance could be random values, but EQ, geochemistry anomaly and foreshocks (seismic, SA and ULF electromagnetic ones) are casually connected; 3. Atmospheric perturbation of temperature and density could follow preseismic hot water/gas release resulting in generation of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) with periods in a range of 6–60min; 4. Seismo-induced AGW could lead to modification of the ionospheric turbulence and to the change of over-horizon radio-wave propagation in the atmosphere, perturbation of LF waves in the lower ionosphere and ULF emission depression at the ground.