<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NHESS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NHESS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1684-9981</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/nhess-14-67-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Recent trends in daily temperature extremes over southern Montenegro (1951–2010)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Burić</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Luković</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ducić</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dragojlović</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Doderović</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Hydrometeorological Service of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, Serbia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Philosophy, Nikšić, Montenegro</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 D. Burić et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/14/67/2014/nhess-14-67-2014.html">This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/14/67/2014/nhess-14-67-2014.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/14/67/2014/nhess-14-67-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/14/67/2014/nhess-14-67-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Montenegro so far has been poorly investigated in terms of climate extremes.
The aim of this paper was to analyse the extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team
on Climate Change Detection and Indices) temperature indices in the
Mediterranean region of Montenegro for the period of 1951–2010. Four
stations in the coastal area of Montenegro have been analysed: Herceg Novi,
Ulcinj, Budva and Bar. Two periods (before 1980 and after 1980) were
separately investigated in this study due to a well-known climate shift that
occurred in the late 1970s. Seven indices of temperature extremes have been
chosen. The trend was analysed using a Mann–Kendall non-parametric test,
while the slope was estimated using Sen&apos;s slope estimator. A negative trend
has been calculated for cold nights and cold days at almost all stations. The
most significant positive trends were obtained for warm conditions. The two
separately investigated periods have shown contrasting temperature trends.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T. C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa Kumar, K., Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, D. B., Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zhai, P., Rusticucci, M., and Vazquez-Aguirre, J. L.: Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05109, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006290&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006290&lt;/a&gt;, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Balling, R. C., Michaels, P. J., and Knappenberger, P. C.: Analysis of winter and summer warming rates in gridded temperature timeseries, Clim. Res., 9, 175–181, 1998.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Brunet, M., Sigro, J., Jones, P. D., Saladie, O., Aguilar, E., Moberg, A., and Walter, A.: Long- term changes in extreme temperatures and precipitation in Spain, Contribution to Science, 3, 331–342, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Burić, D.: Indices of temperature and precipitation extremes in Podgorica 1951–2008, Collection of papers of Institute of Geography &quot;Jovan Cvijić&quot;, SANU, 61, 31–41, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Burić, D., Ducić, V., and Luković, J.: Climate variability in Montenegro in second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, Podgorica, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Caesar, J., Alexander, L. V., Trewin, B., Tse-ring, K., Sorany, L., Vuniyayawa, V., Keosavang, N., Shimana, A., Htay, M. M., Karmacharya, J., Jayasinghearachchi, D. A., Sakkamart, J., Soares, E., Hung, L. T., Thuong, L. T., Hue, C. T., Dung, N. T. T., Hung, P. V., Cuong, H. D., Cuong N. M., and Sirabaha, S.: Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Indo-Pacific region from 1971–2005, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 791–801, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Costa, A. C. and Soares, A.: Homogenization of Climate Data: Review and New Perspectives Using Geostatistics, Math. Geosci., 41, 291–305, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">del Río, S., Herrero, L., Pinto-Gomes, C., and Penas, A.: Spatial analysis of mean temperature trends in Spain over the period 1961–2006, Glob. Planet. Change, 78, 65–75, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Della-Marta, P. M., Haylock, M. R., Luterbacher, J., and Wanner, H.: Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15103, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008510&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008510&lt;/a&gt;, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ducić, V., Luković, J., Burić, D., Stanojević, G., and Mustafić, S.: Precipitation extremes in the wettest Mediterranean region (Krivošije) and associated atmospheric circulation types, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 687–697, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-687-2012&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-687-2012&lt;/a&gt;, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Durao, R., Pereira, M., Costa, M. J., Delgado, A. C., del Barriod, J., and Soares, A.: Spatial–temporal dynamics of precipitation extremes in southern Portugal: a geostatistical assessment study, Int. J. Climatol., 30, 1526–1537, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Efthymiadis, D., Goodess, C. M., and Jones, P. D.: Trends in Mediterranean gridded temperature extremes and large-scale circulation influences, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2199–2214, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">El Kenawy, A. M., López-Moreno, J. I., and Vicente-Serrano, S. M.: Recent trends in daily temperature extremes over northeastern Spain (1960–2006), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2583–2603, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Frich, P., Alexander, L. V., Della-Marta, P., Gleason, B., Haylock, M., Klein-Tank, A. M. G., and Peterson, T.: Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during second half of the twentieth century, Clim. Res., 19, 193–212, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr019193&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193&lt;/a&gt;, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gurevich, G., Hadad, Y., Ofir, A., and Ohayon, B.: Statistical analysis of temperature changes in Israel: an application of change point detection and estimation techniques, Global NEST Journal, 13, 215–228, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal trends in the North-Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation, Science 269, 676–679, 1995.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1–91, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Kónnen, G. P.: Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–99, J. Climate, 16, 3665–3680, 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Klein Tank, A. M. G., Wijngaard, J. B., Können, G. P., Böhm, R., Demarée, G., Gocheva, A., Mileta, M., Pashiardis, S., Hejkrlik, L., Kern-Hansen, C., Heino, R., Bessemoulin, P., Müller-Westermeier, G., Tzanakou, M., Szalai, S., Pálsdóttir, T., Fitzgerald, D., Rubin, S., Capaldo, M., Maugeri, M., Leitass, A., Bukantis, A., Aberfeld, R., van Engelen, A. F. V., Forland, E., Mietus, M., Coelho, F., Mares, C., Razuvaev, V., Nieplova, E., Cegnar, T., Antonio López, J., Dahlström, B., Moberg, A., Kirchhofer, W., Ceylan, A., Pachaliuk, O.,Alexander, L. V., and Petrovic, P.: Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment, Internat. J. Climatol., 22, 1441–1453, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Klein Tank, A. M. G., Peterson, T. C., Quadir, D. A., Dorji, S., Zou, X., Tang, H., Santhosh, K., Joshi, U. R., Jaswal, A. K., Kolli, R. K., Sikder, A., Deshpande, N. R., Revadekar, J. V., Yeleuova, K., Vandasheva, S., Faleyeva, M., Gomboluudev, P., Budhathoki, K. P., Hussain, A., Afzaal, M., Chandrapala, L., Anvar, H., Amanmurad, D., Asanova, V. S., Jones, P. D., New, M. G., and Spektorman, T.: Changes in daily temperature and precipitation extremes in central and south Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16105, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006316&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006316&lt;/a&gt;, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kostopoulou, E. and Jones, P. D.: Assessment of climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 89, 69–85, 2005.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kuglitsch, F. G., Toreti, A., Xoplaki, E., Della-Marta, P. M., Zerefos, C., Türkeş, M., and Luterbacher, J.: Heat wave changes in the eastern Mediterranean since 1960, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L0482, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041841&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041841&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lucie, A. Vincent and Éva Mekis.: Changes in Daily and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices for Canada over the Twentieth Century, Atmos.-Oc., 44, 177–193, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Luković, J., Manojlović, P., and Mustafić. S.: Temperature change in Serbia and NAO, Bulletin of Serbian Geographical Society, tome XC, 1, 123–130, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Peterson, T. C., Folland, C., Gruza, G., Hogg, W., Mokssit, A., and Plummer, N.: Report on the activities of the Working Group on Climate Change Detection and Related Rapporteurs 1998–2001. World Meteorological Organisation Rep. WMO-TD No. 1071, WCDMP-No. 47, Geneva, Switzerland, 143 pp., 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Rodriguez-Puebla, C., Encinas, A. H., García-Casado, L. A., and Nieto, S.: Trends in warm days and cold nights over the Iberian Peninsula: relationships to large-scale variables, Clim. Change, 100, 667–684, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall&apos;s tau, J. Am. Statis. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, 1968.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sun, J. Q., Wang, H. J., and Yuan, W.: Role of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature in the decadal change of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 114, D20110, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012395&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012395&lt;/a&gt;, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Szentimrey, T.: Statistical problems connected with the homogenization of climatic time series, in: Climate variations in Europe, Proceedings of the European workshop held in Kirkkonummi (Majvik), edited by: Heino, R., Finland, May 1994, Publications of the Academy of Finland, 330–339, 1994.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Szentimrey, T.: Multiple analysis of series for homogenization (MASH), in: Proceedings of the second seminar for homogenization of surface climatological data, Budapest, Hungary, WMOTD No. 962, WCDMP No. 41, 27–46, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Szentimrey, T.: Multiple analysis of series for homogenization (MASH); Verification procedure for homogenized time series, in: Fourth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological databases, Budapest, Hungary, WMO-TD No. 1236, WCDMP No. 56, 193–201, 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Toreti, A. and Desiato, F.: Changes in temperature extremes over Italy in the last 44 years, Internat. J. Climatol., 28, 733–745, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Toreti, A., Kuglitsch, F. G., Xoplaki, E., Maraun, D., Wanner, H., and Luterbacher, J.: Characterization of extreme winter precipitation in the Mediterranean and associated anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns. Nat.Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1037–1050, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Unkašević, M. and Tošić, I.: Trends in temperature indices over Serbia: relationships to large-scale circulation patterns, Int. J. Climatol., 33, 3152–3161, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Report of the CCI/CLIVAR expert team on climate change detection, monitoring and indices (ETCCDMI), Geneve: World Meteorological Organization, 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support of informed decisions for adaptation. Geneva 2, Switzerland, Climate Data and Monitoring WCDMP-No. 72, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zhang, X., Aguilar, E., Sensoy, S., Melkonyan, H., Tagiyeva, U., Ahmed, N., Kutaladze, N., Rahimzadeh, F., Taghipour, F., Hantosh, T. H., Albert, P., Semawi, M., Ali, M. K., Al-Shabibi, M. H. S., Al-Oulan, Z., Zatari, T., Khelet, I. A. D., Hamoud, S., Sagir, R., Demircan, M., Eken, M., Adiguzel, M., Alexander, L., Peterson, T. C., and Wallis, T.: Trends in Middle East climate extreme indices from 1950 to 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D22104, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006181&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006181&lt;/a&gt;, 2005.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zolina, O., Simmer, C., Kapala, A., Bachner, S., Gulev, S., and Maechel, H.: Seasonally dependent changes of precipitation extremes over Germany since 1950 from a very dense observational network, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06110, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008393&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008393&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>