NHESS Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences NHESS Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 1684-9981 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/nhess-13-2399-2013 Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes Bani P. 1 2 3 4 Surono 4 Hendrasto M. 4 Gunawan H. 4 Primulyana S. 4 Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France LMV, CNRS, UMR6524, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France LMV, IRD, R 163, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Jl Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung, Indonesia 02 10 2013 13 10 2399 2407 Copyright: © 2013 P. Bani et al. 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/13/2399/2013/nhess-13-2399-2013.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/13/2399/2013/nhess-13-2399-2013.pdf

Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their SO<sub>2</sub> contribution into the atmosphere, due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO<sub>2</sub> emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO<sub>2</sub> emission rates of 1.4 t d<sup>−1</sup> from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d<sup>−1</sup> of SO<sub>2</sub> released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase. These DOAS results are very encouraging and pave the way for a better evaluation of Indonesian volcanic emissions.

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