NHESS Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences NHESS Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 1684-9981 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/nhess-10-2259-2010 Inclusion of landslide tsunamis generation into a depth integrated wave model Cecioni C. 1 Bellotti G. 1 University of Roma TRE, Civil Engineering Sciences Department (DSIC), Rome, Italy 12 11 2010 10 11 2259 2268 Copyright: © 2010 C. Cecioni 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/10/2259/2010/nhess-10-2259-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/10/2259/2010/nhess-10-2259-2010.pdf

A numerical model based on the mild slope equation, suitable to reproduce the propagation of small amplitude tsunamis in the far field, is extended to reproduce the generation and the propagation of waves generated by landslides. The wave generation is modeled through a forcing term included in the field equation, which reproduces the effects of the movement of a submerged landslide on the fluid. The measurements of three dimensional laboratory experiments, which simulate tsunamis generated by landslide sliding along the flank of a conical island, are compared with the theoretical calculation results. The present approach is also compared with the similar method of Tinti et al. (2006) used for the generation of these waves in depth integrated model, and the different behavior when using frequency-dispersive and non-dispersive equations is highlighted.

 References Bellotti, G., Cecioni, C., and De Girolamo, P.: Simulation of small-amplitude frequency-dispersive transient waves by means of the mild-slope equation, Coast. Eng., 55(6), 447–458, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.12.006 Bellotti, G., Di Risio, M., and De Girolamo, P.: Feasibility of Tsunami Early Warning Systems for small volcanic islands, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1911–1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1911-2009, 2009. %Beltrami, G.M., 2008. An ANN algorithm for automatic, real-time tsunami detection in deep-sea level measurements, Ocean Engineering, 35 (5-6): 572-587. %https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2007.11.009 Berkhoff, J. C. W.: Computation of combined refraction-diffraction, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference On Coastal Engineering-ASCE, Vancouver, Canada 1972. Cecioni, C. and Bellotti, G.: Modeling tsunamis generated by submerged landslides using depth integrated equations, Appl. Ocean Res., 32(3), 343–350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2009.12.002, 2010. Di Risio, M., De Girolamo, P., Bellotti, G., Panizzo, A., Aristodemo, F., Molfetta, M. G., and Petrillo, A. F.: Landslide-generated tsunamis runup at the coast of a conical island: new physicalmodel experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C01009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004858, 2009. Enet, F. and Grilli, S. T.: Experimental Study of Tsunami Generation by Three-Dimensional Rigid Underwater Landslides, J. Waterw. Port C.-ASCE, 133(6), 442–454, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:6(442), 2007. Grilli, S. T., Vogelmann, S., and Watts, P.: Development of a 3D numerical wave tank for modeling tsunami generation by underwater landslides, Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem., 26, 301–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-7997(01)0113-8, 2002. Grilli, S. T. and Watts, P.: Modeling of waves generated by a moving submerged body. Applications to underwater landslides, Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem., 23, 645–656, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-7997(99)0021-1, 1999. Jiang, L. and LeBlond, P. H.: Three-dimensional modeling of tsunami generation due to a submarine mudslide, J. Phys. Oceanogr., AMS, 24(3), 559–572, 1994. Liu, P.L.-F., Wu, T.-R., Raichlen, F., Synolakis, C. E., and Borrero, J.: Runup and rundown generated by three-dimensional sliding masses, J. Fluid Mech., 536, 107–144, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112005004799, 2005. Lynett, P. J. and Liu, P. L. F.: A numerical study of submarine-landslide-generated waves and run-up, P. Roy. Soc. London, 458, 2885–2910, 2002. Lynett, P. J. and Liu, P. L. F.: A numerical study of the runup generated by three-dimensional landslides, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C03006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002443, 2005. Okada, Y.: Surface deformation due to tensile faults in a half-space, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75(4), 1135–1154, 1985 Peregrine, D. H.: Long waves on a beach, J. Fluid Mech., 27, 815–827, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112067002605, 1967. Svendsen, Ib A.: Introduction to nearshore hydrodynamics, in: Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, 24, World Scientific, 2005 Tinti, S., Bortolucci, E., and Chiavettieri, C.: Tsunami Excitation by Submarine Slides in Shallow-water Approximation, Pure Appl. Geophys., 158(4), 759–797, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00001203, 2001. Tinti, S., Manucci, A., Pagnoni, G., Armigliato, A., and Zaniboni, F.: The 30 December 2002 landslide-induced tsunamis in Stromboli: sequence of the events reconstructed from the eyewitness accounts, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 763–775, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-763-2005, 2005. Tinti, S., Pagnoni, G., and Zaniboni, F.: The landslides and tsunamis of the 30th of December 2002 in Stromboli analyzed through numerical simulations, B. Volcanol., 68(5), 462–479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0022-9, 2006. Watts, P., Grilli, S. T., Kirby, J. T., Fryer, G. J., and Tappin, D. R.: Landslide tsunami case studies using a Boussinesq model and a fully nonlinear tsunami generation model, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 391–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-391-2003, 2003. Watts, P., Ioualalen, M., Grilli, S. T., Shi, F., and Kirby, J. T.: Numerical simulation of the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami using a Higher-order Boussinesq Model, Ocean Waves Measurement and Analysis, Fifth International Symposium WAVES, Madrid, Spain, 2005. Wiegel, R. L.: Laboratory studies of gravity waves generated by the movement of a submerged body, EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un., 36(5), 759–-74(0), 1955.